FUZZY LOGIC

UNIT 2
Fuzzy Sets
 “Fuzzy sets” is proposed by Lotfi Zadeh in
the 1965.
 This is used for representing and
manipulating fuzzy terms was called fuzzy
logic.
 In fuzzy systems, values are indicated by a
number ranging from 0 to 1, where 0.0
represents absolute falseness and 1.0
represents absolute truth.
Operations on Fuzzy sets
1. Union:
The union of fuzzy sets 𝐴~ and 𝐵~, denoted by
𝐴~∪𝐵~
2. Intersection:
The intersection of fuzzy sets 𝐴~ and 𝐵~,
denoted by 𝐴~∩𝐵~
3. Complement:
When μ𝐴~(𝑥) ∈[0,1], the complement of 𝐴~,
denoted as 𝐴̅
More Operations on Fuzzy sets
More Operations on Fuzzy sets
Fuzzy relations
 A fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set
defined on the Cartesian product
of classical sets {X1, X2, ... Xn}
where tuples (x1, x2, xn) may have
varying degrees of membership μR
(x1,x2, .. , xn) within the relation.
 A fuzzy relation between two sets
X and Y is called binary fuzzy
relation and it is denoted by R(X,Y).
Fuzzy Membership Function
 Fuzzy membership function is used to convert the crisp input to the
fuzzy inference system.
1. Singleton membership function
2. Triangular membership function
3. Trapezoidal membership function
4. Gaussian membership function
5. Generalized bell-shaped function
6. Sigmoid Membership function
 Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning
1. Fuzzy rule is a conditional statement. The form of fuzzy rules is
given by IF THEN statements. If y is B THEN x is A, where x and y are
linguistic variables, and A and B are linguistic values determined by
fuzzy sets.
2. These are the rules of inference in fuzzy logic which decides the
value of an output variable based on values of input variables.
3. 3. A logical rule established based on fuzzy logic.
Fuzzy Rule Connectors
 Fuzzy Inference Systems
 A fuzzy inference system is a
important component of fuzzy
logic system.
 It uses fuzzy set theory, IFTHEN
rules and fuzzy reasoning process
to find the output corresponding
to crisp inputs.
1. Mamdani fuzzy inference system
2. Sugeno Fuzzy Inference Systems
Fuzzy Expert Systems

 A fuzzy expert system is a

collection of fuzzy rules and
membership functions that are
used to reason data.
 In conventional expert system uses
symbolic reasoning, fuzzy expert
system is toward numerical
processing.
 Expert system based on fuzzy logic.
 Fuzzy Decision Making
STEPS FOR DECISION MAKING

 Determining the Set of Alternatives: In this step, the

alternatives from which the decision has to be taken must be
determined.
 Evaluating Alternative: The alternatives must be evaluated so
that the decision can be taken about one of the alternatives.
 Comparison between Alternatives: In this step, a comparison
between the evaluated alternatives is done.
 Fuzzy Decision Making
TYPES OF DECISION
1. Individual Decision Making
2. Multi-person Decision Making
3. Multi-objective Decision Making
4. Multi-attribute Decision Making