Mössbauer Spectroscopy

References:

1.Mossbaeur Spectroscopy - Greenwood and Gibbs

2.Fundamental Concept of Inorganic Chemistry-A. K. Das and M.Das, vol-7

3.Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy- Aruldhas

4.https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb09akguetlich/files/2017/11/
moessbauer_lectures.pdf
Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Or

Gamma Ray Spectroscopy

Mössbauer Spectroscopy – Principles and Applications
p
Mössbauer Applicationsp
 ADVANTAGES

• DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

• DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR BONDING

• DETERMINATION OF OXIDATION STATE OF METAL IN

COMPLEX

• USEFUL FOR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND

EARTH SCIENCE
The emitted photons(E ) suffers loss in energy
due to recoil of nucleus
E = E0-ER

This equation is due to conservation of momentum

 Conservation Of Momentum

Nuclear recoil momentum = hoton momentum

Pn = mv = E / c

m= mass of nucleus
v= recoil velocity of nucleus
E= energy of emitted -ray
c= velocity of light

ER = ½ mv2 = ½ m2v2/m = Pn2 / 2m = E2/2mc2

Q-Calculate the Recoil energy of a free Mossbauer Nucleus 57
Fe which emits –ray of
frequency 3.5x 1018 sec-1 .

Ans ) ER = ½ mv2 = Pn2 / 2m = E2/2mc2

Ans ) ER = ½ mv2 = Pn2 / 2m = E2/2mc2

E = hν

= 6.62x 10-34 Js . 3.5 x 10 18 sec-1

=
6.62x 10-34 . 3.5 x 10 18 / 1.6 X 10-19 eV

=14.4 KeV

m = mass of the nucleus= 57 x 10-3 kgmol-1 / 6.023 x1023 mol-1

ER = E2/2mc2, m = 57x 10-3 Kg mol-1/ 6.023 x 1023 mol-1

= ( 14.4 x103 eV)2 x 1.6x 10-19 J X 6.023 x1023 / 2X 57 x 10-3 x (3x108)2

= 2x10-3 eV
 Co57
I = 7/2 t1/2 =270 days

Electron capture (0.6MeV)

I = 5/2 (137 k eV)

57
Fe*

10% 90%
t1/2=1.4×10-7s 57
Fe*
I = 3/2 (14.4 k eV)
Fe*
57

Emission Absorption
I = 1/2 Gamma ray
57
Fe 57
Fe

(Mossbauer spectra of 57Fe)

Electron Capture
 Mossbauer Nucleides characteristics

 Transition energies or Eγ between 5 and 180 keV

 Nuclides suitable for Mössbauer spectroscopy should

possess excited nuclear states with lifetimes in the range of
ca. 10-6 to ca. 10-11s

 The nucleides should high isotopic abudance (naturally

found)

 Easy accessibility and Handling

Problems
No.1
(a) Calculate the recoil velocity and energy of free mossbauer
nucleus 119Sn , when emitted γ -ray frequency of 5.76 x 10 18 Hz. (b)
What is Doppler effect of γ -frequency to the observer?

Pn = mv = E / c
Nuclear recoil momentum = γ - photon moment
Pn = P γ

mv = Eγ /c
⇒ v = hν/mc =
⇒ v = 64.36m/s

And E = 1/2mv2 =
= 40.94 x 10-23J

Dopplers effect: Δν = ν
= 5.76 x 10 18
= 123.57 x 1010 Hz
No.2. A mossabauer nucleus 57 Fe makes a transition from the
excited state of energy 14.4 keV. What is its recoil energy.
Ans- ER =

= 3.11 x 10-22 J

= 2 10-3 eV
N0.3. Calculate the recoil velocity of a free nucleus of
mass 1.67 x 10-25 kg when emitting γ-ray has the
wavelength 0.1 nm. What is the Doppler shift of γ-ray to
an outside observer.
Ans- Pn = Pγ
mv = Eγ /c
Recoil velocity, v =
= Eγ/ c.m = hc/λγ c m
= h/λm =
= 39.68 m/s

Doppler shift=Δν = ν.ν/c

= ν/ = = 39.68/ 0.1 x 10-9
= 39.68 x 1010 Hz
 No.4. Calculate the Doppler velocity correspond to natural line width of γ- ray
emission from 14.4 keV excited state of 57 Fe having mean life 14.11 x 10-8 sec.
 Δν= v ν/c implies v = Δν c/ ν
Δt. ΔE ≈
Δt. hΔν ≈
Δν = = = 1.12 x 106 Hz

Energy of emitted γ- ray

= 14.4 x 10 3 x 1.6 x 10-19 J
= 23.04 X 10-16 J
ν = E/h
=
= 3.4 x 1018 Hz

Doppler velocity
v = Δν c/ ν
=
=9.9 x 10-5 m/s
No.5. Calculate the Dopplers velocity in mm/s corresponding to
the natural line width of γ- ray emission from 23.8 keV excited
state of 119Sn nucleus having half life time 1.85 x 10 -8 s.
No.5. Calculate the Dopplers velocity in mm/s corresponding to the
natural line width of γ- ray emission from 23.8 keV excited state of 119Sn
nucleus having half life time 1.85 x 10-8 s.
Ans- Δν =
⇒ v = Δν c / ν
Δt = = 2.67 x 10-8 s
Δν = = = 6 x 106 s-1
hν = 23.8 keV
ν =
= 5.7 X 1018 s-1

V=
Δν c / ν
= 6x106 s-1 x 3x 1010 cm/s
5.7 X 1018 s-1
= 0.31 mm/s