Protection Function of Sepam 1000+
Characteristics
Adjustable by user :
(depends on the protection function)
• Tripping threshold
• Time delayed tripping time
• Memory time
• Other
Specific to the protection function :
(depends on function processing method, not adjustable)
• Pick-up/drop-out ratio
• Instantaneous tripping time
• Fault recognition time
• Recovery time
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Characteristics
Time delayed tripping time
2 types of time delay:
• DT, Definite Time (or constant time)
• IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time)
Standards :
• IEC (60 255 - 3)
• ANSI / IEEE
• IAC (GE curves)
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Characteristics
Time delayed tripping time
IEC IDMT curves :
k T
• Equation : td ( I )
I
1
Is
Curve k a b
IEC Standard inverse
IEC Standard inverse / A 0.14 0.02 2.9706
IEC Very inverse
IEC Very inverse / B 13.5 1 1.5000
IEC Long time inverse
IEC Long time inverse / B 120 1 13.3333
IEC Extremely inverse
IEC Extremely inverse / C 80 2 0.8081
Others curves :
• For Ultra inverse curve : k = 315.2 ; = 2.5 ; = 1
1 T
td ( I ) 1
• For RI curve : I 3.1706
0.339 0.236
Is
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Characteristics
Time delayed tripping time
IEEE IDMT curves :
• Equation : A T
td ( I ) B
I p
1
Is
Curve A B p b
IEEE Moderately inverse / D 0.0103 0.0228 0.02 0.2414
IEEE Very inverse / E 3.922 0.0982 2 0.1378
IEEE Extremely inverse / F 5.64 0.02434 2 0.0813
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Characteristics
Time delayed tripping time
IAC IDMT curves :
• Equation : B D E T
td ( I ) A
I I
2
I
3
C C C
Is Is Is
Curve A B C D E
IAC Inverse 0.2078 0.8630 0.8000 -0.4180 0.1947
IAC Very inverse 0.0900 0.7955 0.1000 -1.2885 7.9586
IAC Extremely inverse 0.0040 0.6379 0.6200 -1.7872 0.2461
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Characteristics
Definite tripping time
Protection tripping time independent of
current intensity
t
Advantages :
• Easy to adjust (and understand)
operating zone
T Disadvantages :
• t independent of I
• Discrimination sometimes difficult to
Is I
obtain with fuses
Widely used in France
Is : operating current threshold
T : protection operation time delay
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Characteristics
IDMT tripping time
For a given setting, the higher the current,
the shorter the time delay
t
Advantages :
• Flexibility (several sets of curves)
operating zone • short operating time for sudden fault
• Compatible with magnetic and thermal
T tripping curves and fuse melting
curves
1 1.2 10 20
I / Is Disadvantages :
• Less easy to set (and understand)
Widely used in English-speaking countries
Is : operating current threshold
= vertical asymptote of the curve
T : protection operation delay
for I = 10xIs
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Characteristics
IDMT tripping time
Several usual, standardized operating
curves, each with a different slope:
• SIT, Standard Inverse Time
• VIT, Very Inverse Time
• LTI, Long Time Inverse (same as
EIT VIT)
• EIT, Extremely Inverse Time
VIT
• UIT, Ultra Inverse Time
SIT • RI curve
• ...
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Characteristics
IDMT tripping time: equations
Graphic representations of the different
IDMT tripping curves are not easy to I/Is SIT VIT EIT UIT
use 2.0 3.37 9.00 33.00 67.64
3.0 2.12 4.50 12.38 21.59
In practice, we use tables that give k as 4.0 1.67 3.00 6.60 10.16
5.0 1.44 2.25 4.13 5.74
a function of I/Is and of the curve type 6.0 1.29 1.80 2.83 3.61
7.0 1.18 1.50 2.06 2.45
For example, for the SIT curve: 8.0 1.11 1.29 1.57 1.75
9.0 1.05 1.13 1.24 1.30
10.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
014
. T
t kT 15.0 0.84 0.64 0.44 0.36
(I / Is) 0.02 1 2.97 20.0 0.76 0.47 0.25 0.18
0.047
k=
(I / Is) 0.02 1
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Characteristics
TMS : Time Multiplier Setting
Definition: Example: for SIT
Parameter without units, not used by Sepam
t(s)
Relation between TMS and time T in sec.,
Sepam protection setting TMS=1; T=2.97s
• SIT curve: T
TMS
2.97
• VIT curve : T
TMS TMS=0.337; T=1s
15
.
• EIT curve :
T
TMS
0.808
2.97
• LTI curve : T
TMS
13.33
• ...
1
I/Is
10
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Characteristics
DT and IDMT memory times
Curve Tm
DT memory time : IEC Standard inverse / A 9.7
IEC Very inverse / B 43.2
IEC Long time inverse / B 60
IEC Extremely inverse / C 58.2
• Can be used with DT or IDMT tripping
IEEE Moderately inverse / D 0.97
curves IEEE Very inverse / E 4.32
IEEE Extremely inverse / F 5.82
IAC Inverse 0.990
IDMT memory time : IAC Very inverse 4.678
IAC Extremely inverse 6.008
• Can be used only with IDMT tripping Tm is not applicable for :
curves • IEC Standard inverse
• IEC Long time inverse
Tm T • IEC Very inverse
tm ( I )
I
2
• IEC Extremely inverse
1 • Ultra inverse
Is
• RI curves
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Operating characteristics
Block diagram
I O t 0 Ot
I>Is
Oi
I : Analog input, current measurement
O : Current monitoring logic result
Ot : Protection function time delay logic output
(for tripping control)
Oi : Protection function instantaneous logic output (for indication)
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Operating characteristics
Pick-up/drop-out ratio
pick-up/drop-out ratio = (Is - I)x100
Is
Is
I {
I I>Is
O t 0
Ot
O
Oi
t
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Operating characteristics
No tripping time
I
Tni : no tripping time
Is
t
t < Tni
O
t
Oi
I I>Is
O t 0
Ot
t
Oi
Ot
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Operating characteristics
Self-extinguishing fault
I
Tni : no tripping time
Tmem : memory time Is
Tit : instantaneous tripping time
Ttd : time delayed tripping time t
(adjustable)
O
Tni Tmem
t
Oi
I O Ot Tit
I>Is t 0 t
Oi Ot
<Ttd
t
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Operating characteristics
Permanent fault
I
Tni : no tripping time
Tmem : memory time Is
Tit : instantaneous tripping time
Ttd : time delayed tripping time t
(adjustable)
Trec : recovery time O
Tni Tmem
t
Oi
Tit Trec
t
I I>Is
O t 0
Ot Ot
Oi Ttd
t
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End of presentation
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