Occurrence of some winter birds in Hlawga Wildlife Park,

Yangon Region
 GROUP - I

1. 4 သတ - 1 Mg Hein Khant Zaw

2. 4 သတ - 2 Ma Thin Yadana Zaw

3. 4 သတ - 3 Ma Htet Htet Hlaing

4. 4 သတ - 4 Ma Wai Sar Hlaing

5. 4 သတ - 5 Mg Aung Ko Ko
 Bird Species

− Birds are flying, warm blooded vertebrates that have more than
11,000 species that fall under the class Aves.

− According to the international ornithological committee, there are

classified into 44 orders, 253 families and 2384 genera.

− However, most estimates haven at around the 10,000 mark.

− Birds have two eyes, a four-chambered heart like human being and
forelimbs modified into feathery wings.

− Birds use their forelimbs for flying purpose and hind limbs for
nesting or perching.
 Bird migration

− Birds migrate to move from area of low or decreasing resources to

areas of high or increasing resources.

− The two primary resources being sought are food and nesting
locations.

− Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and

south, along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds.

− Many species of birds migrate.

− Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including

from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by the
availability of food.
 The types of Migration

− Internal migration : moving within a state, country, or

continent.

− External migration : moving to a different state, country,

or continent.

− Emigration : leaving one place to move to another.

− Immigration : moving in to a new place.

− Return migration : moving back to where you came

from.
 Advantages of migration

− Migration helps securing a better climate for living by avoiding

rigors of cold and heat.

− Different, habitats are available for migratory birds for foods,

nesting, breeding etc.

− Migration helps in the geographical dispersal of birds, which

isolate population of different species from each other evolution

because genetic variation or mutations population than the larger
one.
− During migration migratory birds are exposed to greater variety of
foods which may be more nourishing and providing radiation.

− Individual survival value becomes more because the predation

pressure is divided in the large number of eggs laid in their
breeding grounds because of more arrival of the migratory birds.
 Causes of Migration

− Generally birds migrate from one place to other place in search of

shelter, nesting, feeding and breeding grounds and also to get

optimum temperature for living.

− They avoid too much cold in search of a warmer place to live and

return to their original home when the optimum temperature is

available in that area.

− Before migrating they store a lot of energy in the form of fat

deposits which are considered to be fuel tanks.

− Before migration birds show migratory-restlessness or
Zugunruhe.

− Under these conditions, day length influences pituitary glands

which brings about necessary physiological and behavioral

changes in the birds triggering migration.

− The change in the environmental conditions like temperature, day

length, wing velocity onset of winter are responsible for their

migratory restlessness.
 Winter birds

− Bird migration is one of the wonders of the natural world.

− Not all birds stay in the same place their whole lives.

− Some migrate to take advantages of seasonal resources, especially

food, so that they can breed successfully or simply survive.

− Some migrations are short, but many birds make truly epic

journeys crossing continents, deserts and oceans.

− To Myanmar, birds migrate and inhabit through Central Asian and

East Asian-Australian flyways.

 Aims and objectives

− To study the occurrence of some winter bird species in the

Hlawga Wildlife Park.

− To know the morphological characters of collected species.

− To get the distinctive character of some winter bird species.

 Materials and Methods

Study area and study site

− The present study was conducted in Hlawga Wildlife Park (623-hectare)
in Mingalardon Township,Yangon Region.

− It is located about approximately 35 Km far from north of Yangon.

− It is situated on 17° 02.58’ N and 96° 06.36’ E.

Study period
− The study period lasted from December 2023 to March 2024.
Study method

− Birds were observed with the aid of binocular and photograph by

digital camera.

− Once a week were allotted for bird watching and commenced from

7:00 Am to 9:00 Am in the morning.

− When a bird was spotted, it was identified down to the species level

based on their sizes and colors.

Identification and specimen

− Identification of bird species were follow often Smythies (2001)

and Robson (2015).

 N

W E

Fig. Map of Study area (Source : Google map)

 Aix galericulata

Phylum -Chordata
Class -Aves
Order -Anseriformes
Family -Anatidae
Genus -Aix
Scientific name -Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Common name -Mandarin Duck
Local name - -
 Motacilla alba

Phylum -Chordata

Class -Aves

Order -Passeriformes

Family -Motacillidae

Genus -Motacilla

Scientific name -Motacilla alba (Linnaeus,

1758)

Common name - White wagtail

Local name -Mi-Nyaung-Hnget

 Culicicapa ceylonensis

Phylum -Chordata

Class -Aves

Order -Passrriformes

Family -Stenostiridae

Genus -Culicicapa

Scientific name -Culicicapa ceylonensis (Swainson, 1820)

Common name -Grey-headed-Canary Flycatcher

Local name - -
 Dicrurus leucophaecs

Phylum -Chordata

Class -Aves

Order -Passeriformes

Family -Dicruridae

Genus -Dicrurus

Scientific name -Dicrurus leucophaecs (Vieillot, 1817)

Common name -Ashy drongo

Local name - -
 Anastomus oscitans

Phylum -Chordata

Class -Aves

Order -Ciconiiformes

Family -Ciconiidae

Genus -Anastomus

Scientific name -Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert, 1783)

Common name -Asian openbill

Local name -Hkayou-Sok

 Hlawga Wildlife park

− In Myanmar, there are many birds species which inhabit in different

types of Hlawga Wildlife Park.

− The park is an open zoo in Myanmar’s Yangon Region covering

6.23 km2 that was established in 1982.

− It was created to protect evergreen mixed deciduous and swamp

forest, and for environmental education.

− The nature park is located in Mingalardon Township and closed to

Yangon (Wikitravel, 2020).

 REFERENCES
− Gill,F.B,2001.Ornithology. W.H.,Freeman and Company.United States of America.

− King,B.F. and Dickinson,E.C.1995.Collins Field guides birds of South-East Asia.

Harper Collins Publishers, London.

− Kyaw Nyunt Lwin and Khin Ma Ma Thwin, Birds of Myanmar. Swiftwimds Services

Co.ltdd.Yangon.

− Robson,C.,2015. Birds of South-East Asia. New Holland Publisher ltd,London.p.544

− Smythies.B.E.2001.The Birds of Burma.,Fourth edition.Natural History Publications

(Borneo) SDN.Bhd. Malaysia.

− Term paper,2013.Study on some bird species of TharDu Lake

− Wikitravel.2020.Hlawga Wildlife Park.www.wikitraval!Hlawga-Wildlife park Accessed

21.20.2020
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