ON EXCHANGE ON EXCHANGE

AND DALY88 AND DALY88

THE REMOVAL OF IONS FROM
SOLUTION USING RESINS
RE8|N PART|6LE AN0 EA08
Ion exchange of monovalent cations: (assume 1)
For most solutions
A

B
Ion exchange of mixed-valent cations: (assume 1)
6R088L|NK|NC T0 HAKE |0N EX6hANCE RE8|N8
SeIectivity of Ion Exchange Resins
n Order of Decreasing Preference
Strong acid cation Strong base anion
arium odide
Lead Nitrate
Calcium isulfite
Nickel Chloride
Cadmium Cyanide
Copper icarbonate
Zinc Hydroxide
Magnesium Fluoride
Potassium Sulfate
Ammonia
Sodium
Hydrogen
Chelating Cation Resin
Selectivities for Metal
Metal KM/Ca
a
Hg
+2
........................... 2,800
Cu
+2
........................... 2,300
Pb
+2
........................... 1,200
Ni
+2
.......................... 57
Zn
+2
........................... 17
Cd
+2
........................... 15
Co
+2
....... .................... 6.7
Fe
+2
............................ 4.7
Mn
+2
............................ 1.2
Ca
+2
............................ 1
Selectivity coefficient for the metal over
calcium ions at a pH of 4
ost of ommerciaIIy
AvaiIabIe Resins
Resin Cost($/ft3)
Strong acid cation.......... 45-130
Weak acid cation............ 120-160
Strong base anion........... 210-270
Weak base anion............. 210-260
Chelating cation............ 350-650
8HALL 86ALE
|0N EX6hANCE
60LUHN8
8K|0-L0A0E0 8HALL 86ALE |0N EX6hANCE PLANT
LARCE-86ALE |0N EX6hANCE 60LUHN8
P08|T|0N|NC 0F
RE8|N EA08 F0R
A H|XE0 E0 JU8T
AFTER A6KwA8h|NC
|mproved N|trate
Remova| from
0r|nk|ng water
by |on Exchange:
Test|ng a
hydrau||c 0ev|ce
for |mproved
Regenerat|on
itrate and SuIfate oncentrations For Run 4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Bed VoIumes Treated

o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

p
p
m
itrate InfIuent itrate EffIuent SuIfate InfIuent SuIfate EffIuent
SaIometer Test omparison
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Regeneration Time, minutes
S
a
I
o
m
e
t
e
r

D
e
g
r
e
e
s
Run 14 Run 15 Run 18
|X6a|c
TH
A powerfu| computer program
igh Performance Liquid
Chromatography (DEAE and CM)</
Arer|ca's rea||y o|g sacred coW |s l|uor|dal|or ol dr|r||rg
Waler. Facl: F|uor|de |s so lox|c lral or|y ore r||||grar
corsl|lules a prescr|pl|or dose. lr sp|le ol lr|s, lre
Erv|rorrerla| Prolecl|or Agercy (EPA) a||oWs up lo lr|s
arourl |r a s|rg|e g|ass ol dr|r||rg Waler. Facl: v|rlua||y
every courlry |r Europe ras slopped l|uor|dal|or. Researcr
sroWs lral l|uor|de corlers ||ll|e |l ary rea| oerel|l. Facl:
Persors Wro rave groWr up W|lr l|uor|daled Waler rave, or
lre average, or|y 1/2 ol ore l||||rg |ess per ||lel|re lrar
peop|e Wro d|d rol dr|r| l|uor|daled Waler (0nem|oa| ano
En|neer|n heus, Vay 8, 1989).
1 the 50 largest cities in the United
States, 43 have community water
1luoridation. Fluoridation reaches 62
o1 the population on public water
suppliesmore than 144 million
people.
Water 1luoridation costs, on average,
72 cents per person per year in U.S.
communities (1999 dollars).
Fluoride also bene1its adults,
decreasing the risk o1 cavities at the
root sur1ace as well as the enamel
crown. Use o1 1luoridated water and
1luoride dental products will help
people maintain oral health and keep
more permanent teeth.
rllp://WWW.cdc.gov/rrWr/prev|eW/rrWrrlr|/rr5011a1.rlr
ELE6TR00|ALY8|8