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“THE DEAD”
By: James Austine Aloysius Joyce

Reporter:

PONSECA, CHEREL S.

Instructor:

DONABELLE ECO
 AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND

• “THE DEAD” is a short story by irish writer JAMES JOYCE, who

lived from 1882-1941 and best known for his pioneering of
Modernist literary techniques, such as stream of-conciousness.
while we do see “The dead” has some evidence of this modernist
experimentation, this story is most remarkable for its rumination
on Irish culture and history and its insights about the trials of
growing old.
BORN: February 2, 1882 - Rathgar, Dublin,
Ireland

DIED: January 13, 1941 (age 58 years old),

Zurich Switzerland

SPOUSE: Nora Barnacle (m. 1931-1914)

INFLUENCE BY: Oscar Wilde, William Butler

Yeats, William Shakespeare etc.

CHILDREN: Lucia Joyce, Giorgio Joyce

SIBLINGS: Stanislaus Joyce, Mabel Joyce,

Florence Joyce, Chales Patrick Joyce.
 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT

Is set in early 20th-century Dublin, reflecting the social and political

landscape of Ireland at the time. It captures the cultural nuances
and tensions of Irish society in the period leading up to the Irish war
of Independence.
 THEME

• THEMES in :The dead” are fairly numeruos for a story of its

length. One of the more prominent themes would be the passage
of time and change. Sometimes this appears as Nostalgia,
especially noticeable during the discussion at the dinner table
regarding past opera singers. This is all well and good until
nostalgia and reminiscene become preoccupations and stifting to
life in the present.
 PLOT AND INTRUCTOR

The story centres on Gabriel Conroy, a teacher and

part-time book reviewer, and explores the relationships
he has with his family and friends. Gabriel and wife’s
arrived at his aunt’s holiday party,The plot unfolds
gradually, leading from the lively party to the intropective
moments of Gabriel’s realization about his own
limitations and the impact of past memories. The
structure is layered, with multiple narrative threads
converging towards the climax.
 TITLE IMPLICATION

The title has multiple layers of implication. One key implication is

the idea of spiritual death or the metaphorical death of certain
relationships or ways of life. The story explores themes of mortality,
the past, and the passage of time, and the title reflects these
themes. it also alludes to the physical deaths that are mentioned
throughout the story. The title sets the tone for the story’s
exploration of loss, regret, and the haunting presence of the past.
 POINT OF VIEW

The story is narrated from a third-person limited point of view,

focusing primarily on Gabriel’s perspective and his internal
monologue as he navigates the events of the evening.
 CHARACTERS
Gabriel Conroy
- Is the principal point-of-view character and the nephew of the party’s
hostesses. He is a professor and intellectual, and, in his middle age, is suspicious of the
younger generation’s radical politics.
Gretta Conroy
-Is Gabriel’s wife and the object of his sincerest affections.
Molly lvors
-Is younger guestat the party who leaves early. She espouses the younger generation’s
politic’s, and for this reason doesn’t get long with gabriel.
Miss kate and Miss Julia-
- Are gabriel’s aunts and the hostesses of the party. while healthy now, they have grown quite
old, and Gabriel worries they will die soon.
Mihael Furey
- Doesn’t physically appear in the story, but he plays an important role. He is the young man
who years ago was in love with. Gretta Conroy and died of exposure from coming to see her
on a rainy night.
Lily
-Is Miss kate’s and Miss Julia’s servant.
 CONFLICT
Grettas confession of Michael to Gabriel.
- When Gabriel learned about this he instantly saw his role
as a husband different. He realized that he had not done for
Gretta what another man did and that because of this his
love not compete.
 SYMBOL AND MOTIFS

Snow and galoshes, the dead and alive, Ivos

and Gabriel as well as the west and the east.
TONE AND STYLE

Can be describe as sweeping: Joyce portrays both granular

details (the Christmas party) and broader themes, attending
equally to their complexities with precise, even impressionistic
images.

JUXTAPOSITION
Is used to emphasize division. The contrast between light and
dark,inside and outside, warm and cold forces the audience to
consider why the world is divided in this manner.
ALLUSION
Joyce’s makes allusions literature, music, and Irish history
throughout the story adding dept and complexity to the
narrative, for example references to irish songs and
poetry evoke a sense of cultural heritage and nostalgia.
IMAGERY

Joyce uses vivid imagery to evoke the settings and emotions of

the characteristics, particularly in describing the snow-covered
streets of Dublin and the haunting beauty of Gretta’s memories.
 SETTING

y. Is winter, and the characters are attending a holiday party at the

home of the main charaters aunts. At the end of the story, the setting
shifts to a cab ride through the early morning snow and then to a
hotel room where the protagonist and his wife will be spending the
night.
 ANTHROPOMORPHISM AND FORESHADOWING

There are no instances of anthromorphism in the story, but

foreshadowing is present in the early descriptions of the snowfall
and the hints of Gretta’s past that lead to the climactic revelation.
 SUMMARY

Mortality, and the complexities of human relationships, showcasing

Joyce’s mastery of narrative technique and emotional depth. The
story takes place before, during, and after an evening Christmas
party attended by Gabriel and Gretta Conroy and thier friends and
relatives. it leads gradually to Gabriel’s late-night epiphany about
his life and marriage when a tender song reminds Gretta of a boy
who died of love for her.
 LITERARY DEVICES

• The story employs symbolism, foreshadowing, and stream-of-

conciousness narration as key literary devices to convey the
character’s inner thoughts and emotions.
THANK YOU!!
MAGANDANG
GABI...