lrequency Popplng Spread

SpecLrum
lrequency Popplng Spread SpecLrum
(lPSS)
W Slgnal broadcasL over seemlngly random
serles of frequencles
W 8ecelver hops beLween frequencles ln sync
wlLh LransmlLLer
W Lavesdroppers hear unlnLelllglble bllps
W !ammlng on one frequency affecLs only a few
blLs
aslc CperaLlon
W 1yplcally 2
k
carrlers frequencles formlng 2
k
channels
W Channel spaclng corresponds wlLh bandwldLh
of lnpuL
W Lach channel used for flxed lnLerval
300 ms ln lLLL 80211
Sequence dlcLaLed by spreadlng code
lrequency Popplng Lxample

lrequency Popplng
Typical frequencyhopping waveform pattern
lrequency Popplng Spread SpecLrum
SysLem (1ransmlLLer)
lrequency Popplng Spread SpecLrum
SysLem (8ecelver)
W lrequency Popplng
Slow lrequency Popplng Cne or more symbols per hop
lasL lrequency Popplng MulLlple hops per symbols
Slow and lasL lPSS
W lrequency shlfLed every 1
c
seconds
W uuraLlon of slgnal elemenL ls 1
s
seconds
W Slow lPSS has 1
c
K 1
s
W lasL lPSS has 1
c
1
s
W Cenerally fasL lPSS glves lmproved
performance ln nolse (or [ammlng)
Slow lrequency Pop Spread SpecLrum uslng
MlSk (M4 k2)
lasL lrequency Pop Spread SpecLrum uslng
MlSk (M4 k2)
lPSS erformance ConslderaLlons
W 1yplcally large number of frequencles used
lmproved reslsLance Lo [ammlng