ChapLer 8

MaLrlces and ueLermlnanLs

8y 8lchard Warner naLe Puyser
AnasLasla Sanderson 8alley CroLe
ChapLer 81 Ceneral MaLrlces
W 8ecLangular array of numbers called
W ulmenslons of a maLrlx are number of rows by
Lhe number of co|umns

ChapLer 81 AugmenLed MaLrlces
W ugmented Matr|x derlved from a sysLem of
equaLlons
W lemenLary 8ow CperaLlons
W lnLerchange any Lwo rows
W MulLlply any row by a nonzero consLanL
W Add Lwo rows LogeLher
W 2x2 by hand 3x3 wlLh calculaLor
ChapLer 81 8educed 8ow chelon
lorm (88l)
W Any rows conslsLlng of all zeros occur aL Lhe boLLom
of Lhe maLrlx
W All enLrles on Lhe maln dlagonal are 1
W All enLrles noL on Lhe maln dlagonal or ln Lhe lasL
column are 0
W A
13
ls Lhe xcoordlnaLe of Lhe soluLlon
W A
23
ls Lhe ycoordlnaLe of Lhe soluLlon

ChapLer 81 Causs !ordan llmlnaLlon
W uses AugmenLed MaLrlces Lo solve sysLems of
equaLlons
1 WrlLe sysLem as an augmenLed maLrlx
2 use Lhe row operaLlons Lo make A
11
1
3 Work down around and up Lo achleve 88l
4 WrlLe lasL column as ordered palr for flnal answer
ChapLer 81 Solvlng wlLh CalculaLor
(88l)
W Cnly used for MaLrlces larger Lhan 2x2
1 (2
nd
) MaLrlx ul1
2 MaLrlxA 3x4
3 nLer enLrles by rows
4 (2
nd
) CulL
3 (2
nd
) MaLrlx MA1P
6 SelecL 88l
7 (2
nd
) MaLrlx selecL MarLlxA

ChapLer 82 MaLrlx CperaLlons
ua||ty of Matr|ces 2 maLrlces are equal lf
Lhey have Lhe same dlmenslons and Lhelr
correspondlng enLrles are equal
1o add and subtract Matr|ces 1hey musL
have Lhe same dlmenslons
WAdd Lhe correspondlng enLrles
ca|ar Mu|t|p||cat|on
WMulLlplylng a maLrlx by a scalar (consLanL)
WMulLlply each enLry ln Lhe maLrlx by Lhe scalar
ChapLer 82 MaLrlx CperaLlons
Matr|x Mu|t|p||cat|on
W 1o MulLlply A8 A's columns musL equal 8's
rows
W MulLlply Lhe enLrles ln A's rows by Lhe
correspondlng enLrles ln 8's columns
W A
mxn
* 8
nxr
A8
mxr
x p398 #29
dent|ty Matr|ces

l
2x2 l
3x3

83 lnverse MaLrlces
W A A
1
A
1
A l
W lf A where adbc cannoL equal 0
1hen A
1
1/(adbc) *

/ .
- ,

, .
- /
nverse of2x2
ConL
83 lnverse MulLlpllcaLlon
nverse of 3x3
1 nLer maLrlx ln calculaLor
2 maLrlxA enLer x
1
enLer
1o so|ve a system of ||near euat|ons
1 WrlLe Lhe sysLem of equaLlons as a maLrlx problem
2 llnd A
1
3 xA
1
8

.
.
.

ConL
83 lnverse MulLlpllcaLlon
84 ueLermlnanLs
W a real number derlved from a square maLrlx
W lf A Lhen ueLA AuC8
W lor 2x2 maLrlces only
W lor 3x3 maLrlces or larger
1 (2
nd
) MaLrlx dlL A
2 nLer dlmenslons
3 (2
nd
) CulL
4 (2
nd
) MaLrlx MaLh enLer
3 (2
nd
) MaLrlx enLer

83 ueLermlnanL AppllcaLlons
W Cramer's 8ule solves sysLems uslng
deLermlnaLes
W xample

/ .
- ,
/ 1
- 0

/ .
- ,
1 .
0 ,

83 ueLermlnanL AppllcaLlons
W llndlng Lhe area of
a Lrlangle where
Lhe polnLs are (ab)
(cd) (ef)
W olnLs are colllnear
lf A0

1 0
/ .
- ,
I

1 0
/ .
- ,