-=' ~=' -' ~

1he cytoske|eton of the ce||

PlsLology and cell
8lology deparLmenL
@PL C?@LLL@-
W neLwork of structuro/ proteins responslble for Lhe gel
llke conslsLency of Lhe cyLoplasm
W L ls lnvolved ln
W Lhe movemenL of cell organelles or veslcles wlLhln
Lhe cell (cyLoplasm sLreamlng)
W changes of cell shape
W sLablllzaLlon of cell aLLachmenLs (cell [uncLlons)
W cell moLlllLy
@ypes
W ,crof|aments (actn f|aments) (7 nm)
W Intermedate f|aments (10 nm)
W ,crotubu|es (2S nm)
1CSkLLL1CN
Common properLles
W sLrucLures nomic
W po/mers
,onomers
|obu|ar |obu|ar
(actn tubu|n) (actn tubu|n)
e||ongated e||ongated
(keratn) (keratn)
,crof|aments (Actn f|aments)
W L, mlcrofllamenLs are noL seen
W W mmunofluorescence mmunofluorescence fluorescln fluorescln labelled labelled anLl anLl
acLln acLln anLlbodles anLlbodles
W L, appear as Lhln elecLron dense fllamenLs
,crof|aments
,onomers (C acLln)
olymers olymers(l (l acLln acLln) )
uouble uouble hellx hellx ( (,lcrofllamenL ,lcrofllamenL) )
LlongaLlon of acLln fllamenLs
rganlzaLlon of acLln
arallel
neLwork
8undle
anasLomoslng
poroIIeI poroIIeI
3 3- -D D
network network
ring ring
luncLlons of acLln fllamenLs
n muscle
n red blood cells
AcLln blnds Lo specLrln
formlng Lhelr
cyLoskeleLon and
glvlng Lhem Lhe
blconcave dlsc shape
n cell dlvlslon
W mechanlcal supporL Lo Lhe
cell membrane
W allows changes ln cell shape
(as ln endocyLosls and
exocyLosls)
W Cell aLLachmenL
e// cortex
nLracellular LransporL of veslcles
Intermedate f|aments
W @helr dlameLer ls lnLermedlaLe beLween
LhaL of acLln fllamenLs and mlcroLubules
W Structure
W Wovwn ropes
Intermedate f|aments
W Cellspeclflc (excepL for lamlns)
W ,osL sLable permanenL
have hlgh Lenslle sLrengLh
Lack polarlLy
L,
W mmumohlsLochemlcal sLalnlng for varlous
fllamenLs (Cllnlcal lmporLance) for recognlLlon
of prlmary orlgln of mallgnanL Lumors
W useful for assessmenL of cell Lype and orlgln
W L, LlecLron dense fllamenLs Lhlcker Lhan acLln
W
olymerlzaLlon of lnLermedlaLe
fllamenLs
@wlsLed palr of monomers formlng
2 dlmers LhaL are also LwlsLed Lo
form LeLramer of Lwo colledcoll
dlmers
ve ma[or c|asses
Acldlc CyLokeraLln
8aslc eraLln
Cllal fllamenLs
asLrocyLes
Intermedate f|aments
vlmenLln
flbroblasLs
Lamlns
Lining nuclear
envelope in all
cells
-eurofllamenLs
eplLhellal cells eplLhellal cells
-eurons -eurons
uesmln
Muscles
erlpherln
p.n.f
@ype v
@ype
@ype
@ype v
luncLlons
W LrucLural role
W uo noL parLlclpaLe ln cell moLlllLy
W uo noL blnd A@
W ALLach Lo desmosomes
W rovlde mechanlcal sLablllLy
W 8eslsL pulllng forces exerLed on Lhe cell
,lcroLubules
W Mlctotoboles ote
looq sttolqbt
bollow tlqlJ tobolot
oppeotloq sttoctotes
(cylloJet) tbot oct os
lottocellolot
potbwoys
LrucLure of
mlcroLubule
organlzlng cenLer
-uclear basal body connecLor
Structure of mcrotubu|es
W L, mlcroLubules are noL seen
W L, Lhey appear as flne Lubules
LhaL have a dlameLer of 23 nm
W LrucLural proLelns
W @ubulln monomers
ulmers
roLofllamenL
13
mlcroLubule
W ,lcrofllamenLs and mlcroLubules are lnvolved
ln moLlllLy of any sLrucLure lnslde Lhe cell or
Lhe cell lLself
W @o perform Lhls funcLlon Lhey are llnked wlLh
speclal moLor proLelns
W -8 nLermedlaLe fllamenLs have a sLrucLural
funcLlon and are noL lnvolved ln moLlllLy
,oLor proLelns
inesin and nein for
mlcroLubules
uyneln moves Lhe
veslcles or Lhe organelles
Loward Lhe cell cenLer
klnesln moves Lhem
Loward Lhe cell
perlphery
--46:5 46:5 for for
microfilaments microfilaments
,lcroLubules assoclaLed proLelns
(,As) lnesln uyneln
luncLlons of mlcroLubules
W ,oLlllLy
W ,alnLalnlng Lhe shape of Lhe cell
W @hey are responslble for
LransporL of organelles and
veslcles ln Lhe cyLoplasm
W @hey form Lhe mlLoLlc splndle
Cell dlvlslon
a -ormal ln
prescence of
cenLrloles

b ln absence
of Lhe
cenLrloles
L, of
mlcroLubules
f Lhe mlLoLlc
splndle
,crotubu|econtanng
structures
entrosome
|a
|age||a
CenLrosome
W uef
-on membranous organelle relaLed Lo
mlcroLubular formaLlon and organlzaLlon
W lLe
Close Lo Lhe nucleus
n all cells excepL Lhe nerve cells
LrucLure
L.M.
E. M.
Iron hemofoxyIin
Z perpendicuIor
rods cenfrioIes
Surrounding
cenfrosphere
CenfrioIe
Dense woII
hoIIow covify
Z7
microfubuIes
in 9 fripIefs
TripIefs~ 3
microfubuIes
sef of 40"
$9ruc9ure of 9e cen9rosome
L, L,
en9rosome
M pic9ure of cen9rosome
-lne LrlpleLs of
mlcroLubules
LrlpleLs of
mlcroLubules
uraw an L, dlagram of Lhe cenLrosome
2 perpendlcular
cenLrloles
uense wall
hollow cavlLy
seL aL 40
27
mlcroLubules
arranged ln
each
ne compleLe mlcroLubule formed of 13 proLofllamenLs
and 2 lncompleLe mlcroLubules formed of 10 proLofllamenLs
luncLlons
W rganlzaLlon of mlcroLubules
W lormaLlon of mlLoLlc splndle
W lormaLlon of cllla flagella
Cllla and llagella
W uef
,oLlle processes exLendlng
from Lhe cell surface
Cllla and llagella
IogeIIo CiIio
Long
I00 a m
Shorf
Z-I0 am
Iegnfh
SingIe
seen
MuIfipIe
HordIy seen
Momber/ ceII
LM
Spermofo;oo
foiI
oIumnur ciIiuted
ceIIs in femuIe genituI
system
Pseudostrutified
ciIiuted coI, in Resp,
syst,
ExompIe
ClllaLed
eplLhellum
Cllla L,
llagellum ln human sperm
$9ruc9ure of 9e cilia
LrucLure
1 8asal body
2 hafL (axoneme)
3 8ooLleLs
LrlpleLs of
mlcroLubules
uevelopmenL of cllla
8asal body ls a
repllcaLe of Lhe
cenLrlole
@he 2 lnner
mosL
mlcrLubules
wlllgrow by
Lubulln
addlLlon Lo +
end
+@wo cenLral
mlcroLubules
,crotubu|es
entro|es entro|es |a and f|age||a |a and f|age||a
9 9 trp|ets trp|ets 9 9 doub|ets + doub|ets +
2 2 sng|ets sng|ets
30
MofiIify
MicrofubuIes Infermediofe
f.
Acfin
Long hoIIow
cyIinders
Pope-Iike fibers DoubIe heIicoI
orroy.
shope
Z0-Zb nm 8-I0 nm o-8 nm diomefer
+ve -ve +ve PoIorify
AIpho ond befo
fubuIin dimers
ore odded fo
fhe nucIeofion
sife
Sfogerred
fefromer of fwo
coiIed dimers
formed of fwo
poirs of
monomers
Monomer of
0-ocfin
odded fo +end
forming
-ocfin
AssembIy
AII ceIIs excepf
red bIood ceIIs
Depend on fhe
origin of fhe
ceIIs
AII ceIIs Sife
Iuorescin-
IobeIed onfi-
fubuIin
onfibodies
Immuno-
hisfochemicoI
sfoining of
vorious fiIomenfs
Iuorescin-
IobeIed onfi-
ocfin
onfibodies
Sfoining
MicrofubuIes Infermediofe
f.
Acfin
Exhibifdynomic
sfobiIify
Sfrong sfobIe
sfrucfure
Thin fIexibIe
fiIomenf
chorocfer
Core of ciIio
Mifofic spindIe
cenfrosome
Exfend ocross
cyfopIosm fo
connecf
desmosomes
8eneofh fhe
inner nucIeor
membrone
MicroviIIi
TerminoI web
8eneofh
pIosmo memb.
MuscIe
ConfrocfiIe
ring in dividing
ceIIs
Locofion in
ceII
Provide roiI-
rood frocks for
orgoneIIor
movemenf +ciIio
+fIogeIIo
Provide
mechonicoI
sfrengfh
EssenfioI
componenf for
confrocfiIify
uncfion
@hank you