Stellar Model Building

Anand A.

How to say my name?

Summary of the Equations of Stellar Structure

Time-independent Time(static) stellar structure equations Last eqn: holds when eqn: temp. gradient is purely adiabatic

Energy contribution due to gravity if non-static nonstar

Entropy
Redefine gravitational energy generation rate in terms of entropy per unit mass

Contraction and Expansion

Contraction in relation to 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy of the Universe is increasing Star entropy carried out by neutrinos and photons

Constitutive Relations
Use of equations (basic stellar structure) requires knowledge on the physical properties of matter that make up the star
Need equations of state for pressure, opacity, and energy generation rate

P = P(V, T, composition) P(V

Most cases: Pt = VkT/QmH + aT4/3 kT/Q

O = O (V, T, composition)
Presented in table

I =I(V, T, composition)
Formulas for pp chain and CNO cycle, reaction networks

Boundary Conditions
Solutions to stellar structure equations (including constitutive relations) requires appropriate boundary conditions
Help define limits of integration

Central Boundary Conditions: Interior mass and luminosity approach zero at the center of star Second set required at surface: T, P, and V go to zero
Never strictly obtained because T on surface is not zero Need more complicated boundary conditions for realistic model

The Vogt-Russell Theorem

Theorem: The mass and the composition structure throughout a star uniquely determine its radius, luminosity, and internal structure, as well as its subsequent evolution
The dependence of stars evolution on mass and composition is a consequence of the change in composition due to nuclear burning

umerical Modeling of the Stellar Structure Equations

Differential equations with respective constitutive relations cannot be solved analytically
Solved by numerical integration

Numerical integration approximates differential equations to difference equations

dP/dr ---> (P/(r ---> Spherically symmetric shells Increment each fundamental physical parameter through successive applications of difference equation
Integration carried out from a given layer to the surface and a given layer to the center simultaneously in order to highlight differences in physical processes between outer an inner layers

Polytropic Models and the LaneEmden Equation

Polytropes: special case of approximate Polytropes: solutions to the stellar structure equations
Can be solved analytically J. Homer Lane first worked in this area and Emden extended his work

Based on finding simple relation between pressure and density Redefine polytrope mathematically: P =KVK =KV

Lane-Emden Equation
Started with and now have a re-scaled redimensionless radial term, xi, and a re-scaled redimensionless density term n is the polytropic index where the pressure and density of the gas are related
P =KVK =KV K = (n +1)/n

Pressure, temperature, and density profile can be derived from this function

Limitations of L-E Eqn.

Describes only hydrostatic equilibrium and mass conservation through highly idealized polytropic equations of state Only three analytical solutions, n = 0, 1, and 5

n = 1.5 n=3

Thank you