DYNAMICS

FORM 2 BY:-R.HARRCANAA

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Force
A force is a push or pull acting upon an object. Examples of everyday force at work:

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Effects of force

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Different types of forces

Frictonal forces Magnetic forces Electrostatic forces Gravitational forces

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Frictional forces
Friction occurs when a moving object is in contact with another. Friction is greater when object is on a rough surface than when an object is on smooth surface. Frictional force always acts opposite the motion.

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Gravitational force
Gravity is a force that pulls all objects within its gravitational field towards the centre of Earth. Gravity causes all object to have weight.The weight of an object is the force of gravity pulling that object down. Example: A ball falling back to the ground after being kicked up into air.
BY:-R.HARRCANAA 6

Electrostatic force
If a plastic ruler or a comb is rubbed on the hair,it will attract small pieces of paper. This kind of force produced by charged subtances. Charged substances can attract neutral substances. Rubbing two materials together can cause electrons to be transferred from one material to another.This will causes the materials to have charge. Two material with same charge will repel while with opposite charge will attract.

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Magnetic force
A magnetic force is the force of attraction between magnets and magnetic subtances such as iron and steel. A magnet can also exert a force on another magnet. The force between two magnets are either attraction or repulsion. This depends on the poles of the magnet.Like poles will repel while unlike poles will attract.
BY:-R.HARRCANAA 8

Measurements of force
Force can be measured using a spring balance. Force has certain magnitude acts in one direction. SI units are Newton(N). 1 Newton= 100 grams The pointer on spring balance shows the reading of force. The pointer attached to spring which is attached to the hook. When we put objects on the hook,the spring will extend and the pointer will move and shows the reading.

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

Application of frictional force

Friction in daily life:

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

10

 Advantages -Enables us to use a pen to write on paper. -Enables the mechanical belts in car engines and machines to turn engine parts.This enables vehicles to move Disadvantages -Wastage of energy because more energy needed to overcome frictional force. -Slows down moving object. -Rapid wear and tear. -Produces heat.
BY:-R.HARRCANAA 11

Advantages and Disadvantages of frictional forces.

Ways reducing frictions

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

12

Application of work
Work is done by an object when a force is applied to move an object over a certain distance. Work have 2 components: -Force being applied -Object moves a certain distance Work=Force X Distance moved The SI unit for work is joule(J) or Newton meter(Nm).
BY:-R.HARRCANAA 13

Application of power
Rate of doing work that is the amount of work done in one second. Power= Work Time taken The Si unit for power is Watt(W) or Joule per seconds(J/s)

BY:-R.HARRCANAA

14