BODY COORDINATION

PREPARED BY : MOHD. FAHIM MOHD FARID Click to edit Master subtitle style 4UKM

1/15/12

BODY COORDINATION REFLEX ACTION KINAESTHETIC SENSE HUMAN BRAIN

1/15/12

CHEMICAL COORDINATION DRUGS

ALCOHOL

BODY COORDINATION
Coordination is the adjustment of our body s responses towards any stimuli that involve several parts of body. Coordination involves the adjustment of organs, limbs and body system There are two types of body coordination i.e nervous coordination and hormonal coordination

1/15/12

Autonomic nervous system Contains nerves that connect the spinal cord to internal organs and glands

Central nervous system The centre of coordination in humans

Nervous Coordination
Somatic nervous system Consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves that control voluntary actions 1/15/12 Peripheral nervous system Consist of the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous

Classification of the human nervous controlled) system Autonomic Cranial nervous Somaticnervous Peripheral nervous system Spinal nerves system brain nerves system (controlled) Centralcord nervoussystem (not

Human nervous system

1/15/12

Neurone
The neurone is the basic unit of the nervous system. Its function is to carry nerve impulses A receptor is a cell in the sensory organ that identifies stimuli due to changes in the surroundings An effector is an organ that responds towards the received stimuli

1/15/12

Types of neurone and its function

Types of neurone Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone

1/15/12 Carries impulses from the receptors to the

Connects sensory neurones and motor

Carries impulses to muscles and glands

Neurone
Cell body nucleus axon Node of ranvier

cytoplasm

dendron dendrite
1/15/12

myelin sheath

Nerve ending

REFLEX ACTION
Reflex action is the automatic quick body response towards external stimuli that occurs without brain control Reflex action is controlled by the spinal cord and this action protects us from danger or injury Receptors are sensory cells in the skin whereas effectors are limb muscles.

1/15/12

Reflex arc

1/15/12

Kinaesthetic
A proprioceptor can act as sensory organ because of its sensitivity to muscle contraction Kinaesthetic sensory receptors are found in the muscles, joints, ligaments and tendons Kinaesthetic sense enables us to be aware of the position of our body to maintain balance and also to enables us to detect body movements

1/15/12

Human Brain
Cerebrum -Controls voluntary actions and sensory functions -- the biggest part of the brain

Medulla oblongata - Controls involuntary actions such as heartbeats 1/15/12 and sneezing

Cerebellum -Controls body balance -Coordinates body balance

Voluntary and involuntary actions

Voluntary action o- type of action that is controlled by desires Involuntary actions o- controlled by the medulla oblongata

Click to edit the outline text format



Second Outline Level



1/15/12

Third Outline Level  Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth

Chemical coordination in the body

Pituitary glands Thyroid glands

Adrenal glands

Pancreas glands

Testis (male)
1/15/12

Ovary (female)

Drugs and their characteristics

Heroines and morphine Cocaine

LSD

EXAMPLES OF DRUGS
Barbiturate

Amphetamine

1/15/12

Drugs and their characteristics

Depressants (sedative) Heroine and morphine Delay response to a stimulus Stimulants (stimulator) Amphetamine Increase metabolic rate

TYPES OF DRUGS
Opiates (painkiller) Morphine and marijuana Relieve pain and 1/15/12 anxiety Hallucinogens (modify emotions) Marijuana Hallucination

Effects of alcohol on body coordination and health

Alcohol affects the nervous system by hindering the efficiency of its function and coordination The response time of a drunkard during emergencies is longer Alcohol can interfere with the cerebrum and slow down its impulse transmissions Alcohol can damage liver cells, decrease bile production and cause liver cirrhosis and 1/15/12 hepatitis