ROBE POLY TECHNIC COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
SERVICING
Unit of Competence: Maintain and Repair Digital Copier
Machine
Module Title: Maintain and Repair Digital Copier
Machine
LG Code:EIS EEES3 05 0322
Maintain and Repair Digital Copier
Machine
Introduction
- Maintenance /repair of Photocopy machines
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding
the following content coverage and topics –
o Definition of Photocopy machines
o Tell the principle operations of analog photo copy machine.
o List five parts of photo copy machine
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to: –
Define the Photocopy machines.
Identify Parts of photo copy machine
Working principle of photocopy machine
Copier
What is photocopy?
A photocopier is a machine for photographically
reproducing written, printed, or graphic material, especially
by xerography. A photocopier (also known as a copier or
copy machine) is a machine that makes paper copies of
documents and other visual images quickly.
Analog Copier
Parts of analog copier machine
1. Optical unit
2. 2. Image formation section
3. 3. Fixing unit
4. 4. Paper feeding section
5. 5. Electrical
1. Optical unit
To connect a hard document to soft signal
Scanning lamp: - to create exposure light. The exposure lamp
exists in most old and new systems that copy an original
document, and its purpose is to supply light to the image of the
original so the light reflects off a series of lenses and optical
mirrors and projects the image onto the Drum.
Mirror:-to transfers the reflected light to OPC.
Lens:-to zoom in and zoom out the image.
Sensors:-1. AE (automatic exposure) sensor:-to sense the
light intensity of scanner lamp.
2. SHPS (scanner home position sensor):- To sense the
movement of scanner assembly (M1, M2, M3)
3. LHPS (Lens home position sensor):- to sense the movement
of lens.
4. MHPS (mirror home position sensor):-To sense the
movement of M4, M5, and M6.
Lens drive system
2. Image formation section
To maximize images
A. OPC: - means Organic photo conductor
The OPC is an aluminum cylinder coated with a photoconductive (light sensitive). The
photoconductive material reacts to the light and so the image is formed on the OPC as a
series of active and inactive areas of static electricity on the photoconductive material.
Primary Charge: - TO CHARGE OPC
o Corona wire:-to charge OPC with negative voltage. It is a thin wire in a metal
slide, usually part of the drum unit, with the purpose of producing an electrical
charge on the Drum where the light reacts with the photoconductive. This charge is
to attract the toner to the drum, as the toner unit consists of a positively charged
chemical.
Grid: - TO LIMIT AMOUNT OF CHARGE ON OPC.
• Cleaning blade: - to clean OPC. As the drum is not only charged but
attracts the toner with developer material to form the copy image
on the drum, the cleaning unit is designed to remove any residue of
the substances that form on the drum after the Transfer Corona
has transferred the necessary toner representing the image onto the
paper. The cleaning unit consists of a magnetic roller and a
cleaning blade. The cleaning blade is simply a silicone rubber strip
attached to a metal bracket, and makes physical contact with the
Drum to remove the residue.
Waste tanker:-to contain wastage toner.
B. Developer Unit
Toner:-is a black powder and it is made up of
carbon and iron oxide.
Sleeve:-is a magnetic cylinder. Sleeve used to
attract and charge toner with positive charge.
Toner tanker:-to contain pure tanker.
Limiting (doctor) blade:-to limit flow of toner
on sleeve.
Toner mixer:-to distribute toner equally.
TDS (toner density sensor):- to sense the
presence of toner
Developing assembly/ drum cleaner
C. Transfer charge
To charge the paper with -ve charge.
Transfer corona wire:-to charge
paper with high negative charge. The
resulting toner image on surface of
the drum is transferred from the drum
on to a piece of paper with a higher
negative charge than the drum.
Paper separation:-to discharge
paper
3. Fixing Unit
To fuse the toner with paper
The toner is melted and bonded to the paper by heat and
pressure rollers.
Heat roller: - to melt toner on paper.
Pressure roller:- to push the paper up.
Fixing Lamp:- to generate heat energy for heat roller.
Oil roller:- to lubricate or clean heat roller.
Thermistor sensor: - to sense the amount of heat.
Thermal switch: - to control over heat on heat roller.
Fingers: - to guide the movement of paper.
Exit roller: - to deliver the paper to outside.
Hair: - to remove electrostatic charges from paper.
4. Paper feeding path
To feed the paper
Caset (250-500sheets 64-80gram only
otherwise it make paper jam) and
multifeeder (50-80sheetes >=80grams
only otherwise it make paper jam)
Registration Roller: -A soft rubber roller
that collects the paper and passes it
towards the drum.
5. Electrical Part
To control overall activities of copier
Dc controlling(main controlling board)
To control over all operation.
To distribute Dc volt to all part.
Motor
Main motor to drive all rollers.
Scanner motor to drive scanning head and lens.
Mirrors motor to drive mirrors
Power Supply
Low power supply
High voltage power supply to supply AC to scanner
and fixing lamp.
Summery
Basic principle of Photo copy Machine
Image process
1. Charging:-is a process of charging OPC with
negatively and toner with positive charge.
2. Exposing:-is process of discharging OPC expect
image place.(static latent image)
3. Developing:-is a process of attracting toner from
sleeve to OPC.
4. Transferring:-is a process of attracting toner
from OPC to paper.
5. Fixing:-is a process of fusing or melting image on
paper.
Self Check -1 Written Test
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you
have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
1. What is the used of drum cleaner in the copier?
(2pts)
2. write the difference between charger corona and
transfer corona in the copier. (3pts)
3. write the difference between scanning and pre-
exposure in the copier. (3pts)
4. Define Fixing unit, Toner, Lenses, separation, and
Photoreceptor Drum in the copier
(2pt each)
Answer
1. Pre-exposure, Primary corona and Image exposure.
[Link] clean the surface of drum and collect unwanted toner into wasted tanker
3. A. Primary charger corona wire is to charge the OPC with negative voltage.
B. Transfer corona wire is to charge paper with high negative charge.
4. A. Scanning lamp is to create exposure light. And its purpose is to supply light
to the image of the original so the light reflects off a series of lenses and optical
mirrors and projects the image onto the Drum.
B. pre-exposure lamp is discharge the OPC then the OPC is ready for next copy.
5. A. Fixing unit is to fuse the toner with paper.
B. Toner is a black powder and it is made up of carbon and iron oxide.
C. Lens is to zoom in and zoom out the image.
D. Paper separation is to discharge paper.
E. The photoconductive material reacts to the light and so the image is formed on
the OPC as a series of active and inactive areas of static electricity on the
photoconductive material.
THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING.
.
