June 22, 2001 Kent state University

SMART DUST
from K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser, and S. Morris Presented for Software Design by Xiaozhou David Zhu
SMART DUST

Goals

Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3 MAV delivery Thousands of motes Many interrogators Demonstrate useful/complex integration in
1 mm3

SMART DUST

COTS Dust
GOALS: Create a network of sensors Explore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - RF Motes

Atmel Microprocessor RF Monolithics transceiver 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%
N W S E

2 Axis Magnetic Sensor 2 Axis Accelerometer Light Intensity Sensor Humidity Sensor Pressure Sensor Temperature Sensor

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - Distributed Algorithms

1, $100 Sensor nodes are easy algorithms?

-1 -0 . 5 0 0.5 1 1.5

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2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

COTS Dust - Optical Motes

Laser mote 650nm laser pointer 2 day life full duty

CCR mote 4 corner cubes 40% hemisphere

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CCR Interrogator
Top View of the Interrogator Filter Polarizing Beamsplitter Quarter-wave Plate

CCD Camera

Lens 0.25% reflectance on each surface

Frequency-Doubled YAG Green Laser

Beam
Expander 45o mirror

SMART DUST

Video Semaphore Decoding

Diverged beam @ 300m Shadow or full sunlight

San Francisco (Coit Tower) to Berkeley (Cory Hall)

SMART DUST

1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver

Put an asynchronous receiver at every pixel

Photosensor

CRC Check SIPO Shift Local Bus Driver Register

Signal Processing A/D Conversion Off Chip Bus Driver

0.25 um CMOS in fab

Funded by DARPA/MTO/STAB
Pixel Array

SMART DUST

Micro Mote - First Attempt

300 um

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2D beam scanning
AR coated dome lens laser CMOS ASIC Steering Mirror

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6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror

N or m aliz ed beam pos ition

0.8

0.6

Open loop control Insensitive to disturbance Potentially low power

0.4

0.2

10

20 30 Tim e (s ec onds )

40

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~8mm3 laser scanner

Two 4-bit mechanical DACs control mirror scan angles. ~6 degrees azimuth, 3 elevation

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Power and Energy

Sources
Solar cells Combustion/Thermopiles

Storage
Batteries ~1 J/mm3 Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3

Usage
Digital control: nJ/instruction Analog circuitry: nJ/sample Communication: nJ/bit

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Combustion

Solid rocket propellant integrated igniter thermoelectric generator

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Dust Delivery

Silicon maple seeds Silicon dandelions

8.E-06 6.E-06 4.E-06 Current (A) and Power (W) 2.E-06

SOI Solar Cell Performance

Current Power 0.E+00 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

-2.E-06

-4.E-06

-6.E-06 Voltage (V)

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MAV Delivery
Built by MLB Co.

60 mph 18 min 1 mi comm

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24 Bat
40 mph top speed 30 minute loiter autopilot: pressure sensor, gyros, XLs 2 planes, 1 ground station, in 1 suitcase

spyplanes.com
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Marine LOE 4
3 MAVs participated, 1 flew 7 sorties on station in minutes

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Goal for 01

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Virtual Keyboard

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