SCALP From GRAY’S
EXTEND
from the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external
occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines
posteriorly
Laterally it continues inferiorly to the zygomatic arch
S—skin SCALP
PROPER
C—dense CT
A—aponeurotic layer
L—loose connective tissue
P—pericranium
SKIN
hair
Sweat
sebaceous glands
DENSE CT
anchors the skin to the third layer
contains the arteries, veins, and nerves supplying the
scalp
dense connective tissue surrounding the vessels tends to hold
cut vessels open. This results in profuse bleeding
APONEUROTIC LAYER
occipitofrontalis muscle has 2 bellies
occipitofrontalis muscles move the scalp,
wrinkle the forehead, and raise the eyebrows
aponeurotic tendon— epicranial
aponeurosis—connecting the two
FEATURE FRONTAL BELLY OCCIPITAL BELLY
ATTATCHME skin of the eyebrows passes lateral part of the superior
NT upward, across the forehead, to nuchal line of the occipital
become continuous with the bone, passes superiorly to
aponeurotic tendon attach to the aponeurotic
tendon
INNERVATIO temporal branches of the posterior auricular branch of
N facial nerve the facial nerve
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
facilitates movement of the scalp proper over the calvaria
Emissary veins: connect extracranial veins to intracranial sinuses
DANGER AREA:
Because of its consistency, infections tend to localize and spread
through the loose connective tissue
Hemorrhage can occur
Separation can occur
PERICRANIUM
periosteum on the outer surface of the calvaria
attached to the bones of the calvaria but is removable, except in the
area of the sutures.
INNERVATION
Anterior to the ears and the vertex Branches of the
trigeminal nerve [V]
Posterior to the ears and the vertex branches from
spinal cord levels C2 and C3
ARTERIES
branches of either the external carotid artery or the
ophthalmic artery, which is a branch of the internal
carotid artery
INNERVATION
(3 GLASSZ)
Anterior to the ears and the
vertex:
1. Supratrochlear
2. supra-orbital
3. Zygomaticotemporal
4. Auriculotemporal nerves
Posterior to the ears and the
vertex
1. great auricular
2. lesser occipital
3. greater occipital
4. 3RD occipital nerves
ARTERIAL SUPPLY (OPSSS!)
Occipital
Posterior auricular ECA
Superficial temporal
Supraorbital OPTHALMIC
Supratrochlear ICA
CLINICALS
+Sebaceous cyst may
develop in skin
+Laceration causes profuse
bleeding as arteries are held
open by dense CT
+Dangerous area (loose
CT) because of emissary
veins
+Blood collected causes
black eye
