Fundamental
forces
&
Weight and Mass
Lesson 4
Table of contents
Fundamental
01forces
Weight and
0
Mass
2
01
Fundamental
Forces
What is the fundamental forces ?
the fundamental interactions
or fundamental forces are the
interactions that do not
appear to be reducible to
more basic interactions.
Types of fundamental forces :
1 Strong nuclear force
Weak nuclear force2
3 Electromagnetic force
Gravitational force4
Strong nuclear force
The nucleus is composed of positively
charged particles (protons) and neutrally
charged particles (neutrons). These
protons experience a repulsion force when
placed at a distance from another
positively charged particle. To ensure that
the protons within the nucleus do not repel
Strong nuclear force
From the name itself, this exerts the
largest amount of force compared to
the other fundamental forces. However,
this force has only a small range which
occurs only within the nucleus. Once the
protons are separated at some distance,
the strong force will not take into effect.
Weak nuclear force
The weak nuclear force is the force
responsible for the radioactive
decay or the loss of energy of a
subatomic particle. There are
different kinds of radioactive decay
but the most notable is the beta
decay.
Weak nuclear force
The beta decay converts a neutron
into a proton and vice versa to
balance out the number of protons
and neutrons present in the nucleus.
This also has a small range but exerts
weaker force than the strong force.
This force is responsible for the
Electromagnetic Force
Electromagnetic force is the force
between two or more electrically
charged particles and is responsible for
many of the phenomena that happen.
This force explains the phenomenon
that same charged particles repel
each other while opposite charged
Electromagnetic Force
This force explains why magnets stick
to refrigerators, how electric currents
flow through circuits to power up
electrical devices, and even the
chemical bonds of different atom.
Gravitational Force
Gravitational force is the
force which attracts two or
more masses together. The
effects of gravity can be
seen almost anywhere from
falling objects to even the
galaxies in spaces.
However, this force
Gravitational Force may seem
to exert massive amounts of
force since it occurs in massive
objects such as planets, but it is
actually the weakest of the four
forces. This force explains why
objects fall, why the moon
orbits the Earth, and why ocean
tides occur.
02
Weight &
Mass
Weight & Mass
Gravitational force explains why
objects are being pulled toward
the ground. However, the
strength of this force or the
gravitational field strength varies
based on the object’s mass.
Weight & Mass
The gravitational field strength
describes the force that pulls an
object toward the center of the
Earth. The standard unit for
gravitational field strength is
Newton per kilogram (N/kg). On
Weight & Mass
This force can be calculated by
finding the product of the mass
(m) and multiplying it by the
gravitational field strength (m).
F=
This is also referred to as the
mg
weight of an object.
Remember
:
Mass is used to describe the
amount of matter in an
object in units of kg.
Weight describes the
amount of force gravity is
pulling an object downward.
Example:
The mass and weight of an
object on earth are 5kg and 49N
respectively. What will be their
values on the moon ? Assume
that the acceleration due to
gravity on the moon is 1/6th of
that on the earth .
What is
Example:
the weight of an
object of mass 30.00 kg on
Earth? If g on the surface of
the moon is 1.625 m/s², find
the object’s weight on the
moon.
Known : Unknown :
Fa = 49 N Fa = ?
ga = 9.8 m/s² Fb = ?
gb = 1.625
m/s²
Known : Unknown :
m = 30.00 kg Fa = ?
ga = 9.8 m/s² Fb = ?
gb = 1.625
m/s²
Fa = mg
Fa = (30.00 kg)
(9.8m/s²)
Fa = 290 N
Fb = mg
Fb = (30.00 kg)
(1.625 m/s²)
Fb = 48.75 N
Thank
you!
