Coffee
INTRODUCTION
● Coffee is one of the three most popular beverages in the world
(alongside water and tea), and it is one of the most profitable
international commodities.
● Coffee was introduced in 15th century but by 16th century it spread
worldwide.
● Latin America, eastern Africa , Asia and Arabia are leading producers of
coffee.
● Coffee shows adverse effects on various systems like skeletal system,
nervous system, and cardiovascular system etc.
● Overall, the moderate consumption like 3 to 4 cups/day with average
strength is safer to human health.
Production of Coffee
There are 6 stages of coffee production, namely:
● Planting
● Harvesting
● Processing
● Milling
● Roasting
● Grinding
Planting- Planting of the is done in areas
with tropical climate, with rich soil and less
pests. Few of the countries where coffee trees
are found are, Columbia, Brazil and also India.
Harvesting- It takes approximately 3-4 years for coffee
trees to bear fruits.The fruit is red in colour and is called
the Coffee cherry, and is ready for harvest. There are 2
ways in which coffee is harvested; Strip Picked &
Selectively Picked. Strip picking refers to the entire crop
being harvested at the same time, either by hand or
machine. Selective picking refers to only picking the ripe
cherries individually by hand.
Processing- There 2 ways in which coffee is processed;
Dry and Wet. In the dry method the coffee cherries are
laid out on a surface beneath the sun, to prevent them
from getting spoilt. As the cherries dry, they stored away
fro further processing. In the Wet method, the cherries are
ground into a pulp, where the beans and the pulp get
seperated. the beans being heavier get seperated and are
taken out to dry.
Milling- After the wet processing, machines are used to
remove the parchment layer from the processed coffee.
Before further processes, the coffee beans are precisely
sorted according to their size, weight, colour and any other
imperfections, if they exist.
Roasting- This process transforms the green coffee beans
into brown ones. Most roasting machines maintain a
teperature of 550 degrees Farenheit. The coffee beans keep
moving inside the machine. When they reach the
temperature of around 400 degrees, the beans start turning
brown in colour
Grinding- Grinding of the coffee beans is one to get the
most flavour out of them. How coarse or fine a coffee is to
be grinded, depends on how it will be brewed. The finer
coffee is easy to brew and is done by an espresso machine,
whch then is brewed through a drip system.
Types of Coffee Beans
There are Four types of coffee beans
namely:
● Arabica
● Robusta
● Liberica
● Excelsa
All of these have a different taste of their
own.
● Arabica- It is the most popular and thus most
commony produced coffee. The beans are of
high quality. It is grown in places with high
altitude, steady rainfall and shade. Oe of the
reason why they grown more commony, is
because they are easy to care for, they are
small and are easy to prune.They are full of
aroma and flavour, hece their great popularity.
● Robusta- These are the secod most produced
coffee beans in the world. They are gown n
hotclimates with irregular rainfall. Compared
to arabica, these have ouble the caffeine in
them, and are good for a strong and harsh
flavour.
● Liberica- It is one of the hardest type of
coffees. It is bigger and has an irregular
shape. The liberica beans have a unique
aroma and have a smokey, fruity and
floral scent to them.
● Excelsa- It is known to be from the
Liberica family, yet it has a very different
taste from Liberica beans.
Types of Coffee
1. Espresso- This coffee is made by forcing very
hot water through finely ground coffee. This
results in a beautiful syrupy dark coffee.
2. Cafe Americano- This cofffe is made by
adding hot water to espresso.
3. Cafe Latte- In Italian “Cafe” means coffee and
“Latte” means Milk, So this coffee contains
Coffee with Milk, mixed according to the 1:1
ratio.
4. Cafe Mocha- Cafe mocha is a variant of Cafe
Latte, in whch a portion of chocolate is added.
5. Cappuccino- It is a coffee based drink, which
is prepared with espresso, hot milk and
steamed milk foam
Brands of Coffee
1. Bru
2. Nescafe
3. Folgers
4. Davidoff
5. Tata Coffee
6. Sleepy Owl Coffee
India majorly exports ROBUSTA coffee
beans, a coffee bean bitterness compared
to Arabica coffee
HEALTH BENEFITS OF COFFEE
● Boosts energy levels
● Can aid in weight loss
● Improve physical performance
● Coffee can lower risk of diabetes
● Reduces depression
● Is very beneficial for liver
● Helps cleanse the stomach
Excessive consumption of coffee can lead to severe headache, lack of
sleep because the large amount of caffeine present in coffee
