Fascia of The Neck

The Neck (The Cervical Region)

The region of body that extends between Sup.: inf. border of mandib. Sup. Nuchal line Inf.: sprasternal notch clavicle

Divided into 2 portions: Anterolateral aspect: ant. & post. Post. aspect: covered by trapezius part of the back

Covering Layers of The Neck

- Skin -Superficial Fascia Fatty layer that contains: Platysma Muscle (attachments?) Cutaneous N. Superfi. Vessels (EJV) L.N.

Platysma Muscle

Cutaneous Nerves in Superficial Fascia

Post. Aspect: post. rami of C2-C5 *C2: greater occipital n. Anterolat. Aspect: ant . rami of C2-C4 * 4 cutaneous Ns in each aspect * C1 has no cutaneous branches (muscular only)

Ant. & Post. Rami of Spinal Nerves

Posterior Ramus Anterior Ramus

Anterolateral Cutaneous Nerves

Arise from post. border of SCM 4 nerves: Lesser occipital n. (C2) innervation? 1 Great auricular n. (C2,C3) innervations? 3 Transverse cutaneous n. (C2,C3) ant. neck from mand. to st. Supraclavicular n. (C3,C4) 3 (med., intermediate, lat.) innervations? 3

External Jugular Vein

Starts behind angle of mandible By: Post. division of retromand. V. + Post. auricular V. Extends: Angle mid. 1/3 of clavicle Drains into: IJV or Subclavian V. ( common)

Cervical Lymph Nodes

Superficial & deep L.N. Superficial: in superf. Fascia the path of EJV Deep: deep to deep fascia path of IJV Both groups subdivided into Sup. & Inf. parts

Deep Cervical Fascia

4 Parts Investing Layer surrounds the neck Pretracheal Layer muscles & viscera Prevertebral Layer prevertebral muscles Carotid Sheath bld. vessels & nerves

Investing Layer
Attachments: Inf. border of mandible hyoid bone Zygomatic arch base of skull (mastoid & styloid) Nuchal Lig. manubrium clavicle Acromion & spine

Encloses: SCM & Trapezius muscles Parotid gland (P. capsule) Submandibular gland Jugular venous arch (in suprasternal space) * Thickened between styloid & mandibular angle to form= Stylomandibular Lig.

Pretracheal Layer
Attachments: Sup.: Thyroid & Cricoid cartilages Lat.: Carotid Sheath Inf.: extends into thorax blends with?? Encloses: (visceral & muscular layers) Thyroid & parathyroid glands & ?? (thyroid sheath) Infrahyoid Muscles

Prevertebral Layer
Tubular Sheath that extends: Base of Skull T3 Attachments: ant. long. Lig. (ant.) nuchal lig. (post.) Encloses: cervical vertebral muscles (ant., lat., post.) spinal & phrenic nerves Fascial extension?

Axillary Sheath (Contents?)

Carotid Sheath
Paired sheaths of DCT in anterolat. Aspect of the neck, that extend from skull base root of the neck.

Attachments: investing & pretracheal fasciae (ant.) Prevertebral fascia (post.)

Encloses: Common carotid a. &? IJV Vagus n. (X) Deep cervical L.N.

Retropharyngeal Space
The interval between the pharynx fascia (buccopharyngeal fascia) & prevertebral fascia The largest space in the neck

Allows movement of pharynx & esophagus during swallowing

*Clinically: Provides major pathway for spread of infection into thorax

Ret. Abscess dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea

Muscles of The Neck

Muscles of Cervical Region

3 groups 1. Superficial muscles: platysma, SCM, Trapezius 2. Hyoid related muscles supra & infra hyoid 3. Cervical vertebral muscles ant., lat. & post.