PEN DRIVE

BY PRASHANTI MAKTALA (08891A1007)

WHAT IS PENDRIVE? NAMING TECHNOLOGY USED HISTORY DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION FLASH MEMORY FILE SYSYTEM INTERFACING WITH USB-PORT MERITS AND DEMERITS DIFFERENT SIZES AND STYLES OF PACKING

WHAT IS PENDRIVE?
Data storage and transmission device. Removable and rewritable flash drive with USB connection. Platform independent. Smaller, faster ,durable ,reliable.

NAMING:
USB flash drive. Memory stick. Thumb drive(Trek tech). USB memory key. Cruzer. Data traveler. Travel drive. Disgo. Disk on key(IBM).

TECHNOLOGY
EPROM. EEPROM. Flash memory systems

HISTORY
FIRST GENERATION

Trek technology and IBM(2000). USB 1.1 connectivity. 8MB storage capacity. Maximum speed 12Mbits/s.

SECOND GENERATION
USB 2.0 connectivity. Read -30MB/s and write-15Mbps.(20 times faster).

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

s.no components 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
USB connector USB mass storage controller device Test points Flash memory chip Crystal oscillator LED Write-protect switch (Optional) Space for second flash memory chip

USB CONNECTOR
Single male type-A connector. Provides physical interface to host computer. Drives power from pc. 4 terminals.

FLASH MEMORY

Flash Memory is NAND type solid state nonvolatile memory. A specific type of EEPROM. It consists of two transistors and these transistors separated by a thin oxide layer. One transistor is called floating and other one is control gate.

If the flow through the gate is greater than 50%of charge its value is 1. If charge passing drops below50% threshold its value is 0.

MLC TECHNOLOGY
MLC stands for Multi Level Cell. MLC Technology allows storage of multiple bits per memory cell by charging memory cell to different voltage level. These significantly increase the number of bits stored per area.

PROGRAMMING: Programming algorithms specified to Flash controller is used to control Flash memory.

MERITS AND DEMERITS

Flash memory is noise less. It allows faster access. It has no moving parts. Flash memory is light, compact,energy efficient and less expensive. It is a ideal storage medium for digital camera,smart card etc.

Flash memory costs five to ten times more than standard DRAM.

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR ,LED

Electronic oscillator circuit. To create electrical signal and provide 12MHz clock signal. LED indicator when Pen Drive is in use.

ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS
Jumpers and test pins. Write-protect switches. Unpopulated space. USB connector cover or cap. USB mass storage controller.

FILE SYSTEMS
Defragmenting. Even distribution. Hard drive. Longevity(SLC and MLC).

USB-PORT Interfacing. Short-distance digital data communications. Serial transmission..

USB LOGO

The USB square circle triangle Trident symbol is most likely symbolic of the different devices that can be chained to a USB connection. The square, circle, and triangle don't appear to have any particular significance, other than signifying different connected devices. The Trident symbol itself signifies the different data paths available to connected devices for connection to the primary computer.

USES Personal data transport. Secure storage of data, applications and software files(on-the-fly encryption and biometrics). System and network administration: Troubleshoot and repair computer problems Compatible. Easy to carry(3gms). Back up. Brand and product promotion.

ADVANTAGES OVER FLOPPY DISK ,CD AND TAPES.

More no.of read and write cycles. Electrically insulated hence less damage. Less fragile than tapes. Smaller, faster and have thousand times more capacity than tapes. No moving parts. Very robust. Security. Bootable.

MERITS
Impervious to scratches and dust. Can retain their memory after being submerged in water or even through a machine wash. More capacity( upto 256GB). No external power is required - from USB port. Shock resistance . Low Power consumption: Write 39.1mA ~ 39.4mA Read 35.0mA ~ 36.1mA. Durable solid-state storage at least data retention for 10 years. Can be connected to the USB port directly and the data can be accessed without an external card reader.

DEMERITS Can sustain only a limited number of write and erase cycles before failure. Most USB flash drives do not include a writeprotect mechanism. Security threats(transfer of VIRUS).

SIZE AND STYLE OF PACKING

IMPORTANT POINTS
USB HUB:127 usb devices can be connected. PRICE? Universal? Serial? 1GB,2GB,4GB,8GB? 6 billion usb devices are sold every year.