SYSTEM CONCEPTS

Reported by: Jennyfer P. Novida

System Concepts: DEFINITION

DEFINITION of a SYSTEM:

 is a set of components that interact with one another and serve for a common purpose or goal.

 it may be ABSTRACT or PHYSICAL.

System Concepts: CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS of a SYSTEM:
 A system is composed of components. A component is either an irreducible part or an aggregate of parts, also called a subsystem.  The components are interrelated; that is, the function of one is somehow tied to the function of others.  A system has a boundary, within which all of its components are contained and which establishes the limits of a system, separating it from other systems.  All components work together to achieve some overall purpose : the systems reason for existing.

System Concepts: CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS of a SYSTEM:
 A system operates within an environment --- everything outside the systems boundary. The environment surrounds the system, both affecting it and being affected by it.  The point where at which the system meets its environment are called the interface.  A system must face constraints in its functioning because there are limits to what it can do and how it can achieve its purpose within its environment.

System Concepts: CHARACTERISTICS

 A system interacts with the environment by means of input and output.

System Concepts: FEEDBACK AND CONTROL IN A SYSTEM

Control --- the process that measures current performance and guides it toward a predetermined goal.

Two (2) Types of Feedback: A. Positive Feedback B. Negative Feedback

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

 OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEM > Can take the form of mechanical, biological or social systems.

Open System - Open systems refer to systems that interact with other systems or the outside environment. - Example: living organisms

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

Closed System - A closed system is defined as a system which is self contained. It does not exchange material, information or energy with its environment for example system in manufacturing are often designed to minimize unwanted exchanges with the environment outside the system, so that manufacturing process can operate without disturbance from supplier, customer etc. - Example: Computer Programs

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

 NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS

Natural System - Such Systems exist and also abound in the nature. - Are also not at all the results of the human endeavors. - Example: Rivers, Mountains, etc.

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

Artificial System - it is a man-made system - Example: canals, dams, roads, factories, etc.

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

 DETERMINISTIC AND PROBABILISTIC SYSTEMS

Deterministic System - In such Systems, the interaction of the elements is known. - As the behavior of the elements is pre determined, it becomes possible to work upon the reaction well in the advance.

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

Probabilistic System - Based on the predictability of the behavior or the outcome.

System Concepts: CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS

 PHYSICAL AND ABSTRACT SYSTEMS

Physical System - Physical systems are tangible entities that we can feel and touch. Abstract System - Abstract systems are conceptual. These are not physical entities. They may be formulas, representation or model of a real system.