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Lecture PPT - 7

The Earth is composed of four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, each with distinct properties and compositions. The crust is the thinnest layer, while the mantle is the largest and flows like a viscous liquid. The core, divided into outer and inner layers, consists of hot metals and is responsible for Earth's magnetic field.

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122 views13 pages

Lecture PPT - 7

The Earth is composed of four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, each with distinct properties and compositions. The crust is the thinnest layer, while the mantle is the largest and flows like a viscous liquid. The core, divided into outer and inner layers, consists of hot metals and is responsible for Earth's magnetic field.

Uploaded by

reazulsiamly171011
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Layers of the

Earth!

The Structure and


Dynamics of the
Earth’s Interior
• After Earth Formed, radioactive elements decayed and
heat was released.
• Caused melting of interior.
• Denser elements sank to core (Iron and Nickel).
• Process is still on going.

• This is how the layers were formed.


Earth Layers

• The Earth is divided into four


main layers.

*Crust
*Mantle
*Outer core
*Inner core
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/DisplayImage.cfm?ID=124
The Crust
* The Earth’s crust is the
outermost surface.

*It is a very thin layer of solid


rock. It is the thinnest layer of
the Earth.

*The crust is 5-35km thick


beneath the land and 1-8km
thick beneath the oceans.

* The crust of the Earth is broken


into many pieces called plates.
The movement of these plates
causes earthquakes.
The Lithosphere
• On your mantle layer, draw
a dotted line around the
very edge of the circle.
This is the lithosphere.

• The lithosphere is
composed of part of the
crust and the upper part of
the mantle (the top 100
km).

• It is composed of hard,
brittle rock
The Athenosphere
* The athenosphere is the part
of the mantle underneath
the lithosphere. Draw a
dashed line about an inch
under your dotted line.

* It is made of molten rock and


metal so that it “flows” like
hot asphalt.

* The athenosphere is the part


of the mantle that moves
and causes the tectonic
plates of the crust to move
as well.
The Mantle
* The mantle is the largest
layer of the Earth. It is
2900km thick.

*It includes the lithosphere


and athenosphere.

*It is relatively flexible—it


flows like very viscous
liquid.

*It is very hot—1600°F at the


top and 4000°F towards the
center of the Earth.
The Core
* The core of the Earth is
like a ball of very hot
metals. The core is
divided into 2 layers—
Outer and Inner.

* The core is SO hot and


has SO much pressure
that if you were to go
there—you would be
squished into
something even smaller
than a marble.
The Outer Core
* The outer core is
liquid metal iron
and nickel with 10%
sulfur and/or
oxygen.

* It is very hot—
4000-9000°F.

* The outer core is


2,250km thick.
The Inner Core
* The inner core is solid
metal due to the
extreme heat and
pressure.

* It is composed of iron
and nickel. It is
responsible for the
magnetic field the
Earth generates.

* The inner core is 800km


thick and is 9000°F.
Review
1) What are the four layers of the Earth?
2) The Earth’s crust is very ______?
3) The mantle is the largest layer of the
Earth? True or False
4) Is the Outer Core a liquid or a solid?
Answers!
1) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner
Core
2) Thin
3) True
4) Liquid

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