DECI
MALS
The word “Decimal” really means
“based on 10” (From latin decima: a
tenth part). We sometimes say
“decimal” when we mean anythingt
do with our number system, but a
“decimal number” usually means
there is a decimal point.
DECIMAL NUMBER – a number with a decimal point and
decimal places.
In a numeral, the value of each digit is ten times less than
the digit to its immediate left, then the value of the first
digit after the decimal point is 1/10 or 0.1 as much as that
of the ones place.
That is, if the place value of the digits from left to right is …
hundreds, tens, ones, then the place value after the
decimal point (immediate right of the ones place) is tenths,
(1/10 of 1). Now we continue with smaller and smaller
values, from tenths, to hundredths, and so on.
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EXAMPLE:
Units 1/10 (Tenths) The digit to the left of
Decimal Point
Tens the decimal point is a
1/100
(Hundredths) whole number, 4 for
1/1000 example. As we move
(Thousandths) further to the left,
14.29
10x Bigger
every digit place gets
10 times bigger. As we
move further right,
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every digit place gets
10x Smaller 10 times smaller (one
tenths as big).
The value of a digit in a numeral is the product of that digit and its place
value. For instance, the value of 1 in 14.925 is 1 x 10 = 10, while that of 9 is
9 x 0.01 – 0.09
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Diagram showing the
classifications of decimal.
Decimal
Non-Terminating Terminating
Repeating Non-repeating
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All rational numbers can be written as either
terminating or repeating decimals. Examples of
terminating decimals are 0.5, 2.84 and 0.875 while
examples of repeating decimals are 0.333… and
0.727272… Non-terminating decimals that do not
repeat, such as 1.1010010001…, are called
irrational numbers.
Examples of irrational numbers are 0.1372 , , and
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Writing a
terminating
decimal as a
fraction
To write a terminating decimal as a fraction, use
the name for the last decimal place in the number
as the denominator.
The simpler
a. Read as 8-tenths. Write then
rule is to
as the denominator write the
decimal as a
Simplify fraction the
b. Read as 25-hundredths. Write way it is
read.
hundred as the denominator.
Simplify.
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Writing a
Repeating
decimal as a
fraction
Example 1:
Write 0.333… as a fraction
Solution:
Let x represent the number.
Multiply by 10 because 1 digit repeats
Subtract to eliminate the decimal places.
Divide each side by 9. Simplify
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Example 2:
Write 0.090909… as a fraction
Solution:
Let x represent the number.
Multiply by 100 because 2 digit repeats
Subtract to eliminate the repeating decimal.
Divide each side by 99. Simplify.
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Example 3:
Write 0.2333… as a fraction
Solution:
Let x represent the number.
Multiply by 10.
Multiply by 100.
Subtract.
Divide each side by 90. Simplify.
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Addition
and
subtraction
of decimals
To add or subtract decimals:
1. If it is necessary, write the numerals in column so
that the decimal points are directly under each
other. Zeros may be annexed to the numerals
naming decimal fractions so that the addends may
have the same number of decimal places.
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2. Add or subtract as in the addition of
whole numbers
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3. Place the decimal point in the sum or
difference directly under the decimal points in
the addends or subtrahend and minuend.
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Multiplicatio
n of
decimals
To multiply decimals:
1. Write the given numerals in column and multiply as in the
multiplication of whole numbers. The decimal point in the multiplier
does not necessarily have to be under the decimal point in the
multiplicand.
2. Find the total numbers of decimal places in the factors and point off
in the product, counting from right to left, as many decimal places
as there are in the factors.
2 decimal places
1 decimal place
3 decimal places
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3. When the product contains fewer figures/digits
than the required number of decimal places, prefix
as many zeros as are necessary.
2 decimal places
2 decimal places
4 decimal places
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Division
of
decimals
To divide decimals:
1. If the divisor is a whole number,
a. Divide as in division of whole numbers.
b. Place the decimal point in the quotient directly
above the decimal point in the dividend.
2.9
5 14.5
10
45
45
0
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c. Divide as in the division of whole numbers and
place the decimal point in the quotient directly
above the new place of the decimal point in the
dividend.
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4 92
8
12
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d. When the dividend contains fewer decimal places
than required, annex as many zeros as are
necessary to a decimal dividend.
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2. If the divisor is a decimal,
a. Make the divisor a whole number by
multiplying it by a power of 10 or by simply
moving the decimal point to the right of the
last figure.
b. Move the decimal point in the dividend to
the right as many places as you moved the
Multiply 0.4 by 10 to
decimal point in the divisor. make it a whole
number. Do the
same with the
dividend.
0.4 9.2 4 92
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THANKS!
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