संविभागportfolio
निवेश सूचीportfolio
पेटिकाportfolio
संज्ञा
खुले पत्रportfolio
राज्य के मंत्री का पदportfolio
• Place to collect student performances
over time
• Consciously selected examples of work
that is selected to show growth
• Could be a collection of many different
student performances OR can be single
performance by different students
What is a portfolio?
A student portfolio is a systematic collection of student
work and related material that depicts a student's
activities, accomplishments, and achievements in one or
more school subjects.
The collection should include evidence of student
reflection and self-evaluation, guidelines for selecting the
portfolio contents, and criteria for judging the quality of
the work.
The goal is to help students assemble portfolios that
illustrate their talents, represent their writing capabilities,
A portfolio is not a random collection of
observations or student products; it is
systematic in that the observations that are
noted and the student products that are
included relate to major instructional goals.
Examples of portfolios for different subjects
English/Language Arts
• Reading log
• Different types of writing
Poems
Essays
Letters
Vocabulary achievements
• Tests
• Book summaries/reports
• Dramatizations, creative endings to stories
• Student reflections (either weekly, monthly, or bi-
monthly)
• Portfolios and Self-Assessment
• A sizable number of authors and researchers indicate
that students can and do improve in their ability to
assess their strengths and weaknesses in reading and
writing and their progress in these areas
• These sources describe how students improve in their
awareness of what they know, what they are learning,
areas that need improvement, and so forth.
• Students learn how to interact effectively with their
teachers and parents to gain an even fuller picture of
their own achievements and progress.
• In order for students to use portfolio assessment to
grow in their understanding of themselves as learners,
STUDENT SELF-ASSESSMENT
Reflective and self-assessment activities need to be
taught.
Some guide questions for students:
Can you tell me what you did?
What did you like best abut this sample of your writing?
What will you do next?
Self-reflective questions:
What did you learn from writing this piece?
What would you have done differently if you had more
time?
PEER ASSESSMENT
Analysis and constructive, supportive criticism of
strategies, styles, and other concrete aspects of the
product.
Can include comments or a review by parents
Teacher assessment:
Checklist of content
Portfolio structure assessment: selection of samples,
thoroughness, appearance, self-reflection, and
organization.
Variety of Materials
Portfolios can consist of a wide variety of
materials: teacher notes, teacher-completed
checklists, student self- reflections, reading
logs, sample journal pages, written
summaries, audiotapes of retellings or oral
readings, videotapes of group projects, and so
forth
Valid Measures of Literacy
Portfolios are extremely valid measures of literacy. A
new and exciting approach to validity, known as
consequential validity, maintains that a major
determinant of the validity of an assessment measure is
the consequence that the measure has upon the
student, the instruction, and the curriculum (Linn,
Baker, & Dunbar, 1991).
There is evidence that portfolios inform students, as
well as teachers and parents, and that the results can
be used to improve instruction, another major
dimension of good assessment (Gomez, Grau, & Block,
Briefly, a portfolio can include the
following.
•the work done by the child
•the feedback given by the teacher
•the observations made by child on
his/her own learning
•a record of activities undertaken by the
child at home or out of classroom
contexts
Characteristics of Portfolio Assessment
A portfolio is a form of assessment that students do
together with their teachers.
A portfolio is not just a collection of student work
but a selection.
A portfolio provides samples of the student’s work
which show growth over time.
The criteria for selecting and assessing the portfolio
contents must be clear to he teacher and the
students at the beginning of the process.
The entries in the portfolio can demonstrate
learning and growth in all learning competencies.
Two Types of Portfolios:
A process portfolio documents the stages of learning and
provides a progressive record of student growth. It integrates
reflection and higher order cognitive abilities.
A product portfolio demonstrates mastery of a learning task or
a set of learning objectives and contains only the best work...
Teachers use process portfolios to help students identify
learning goals, document progress over time, and demonstrate
learning mastery... In general, teachers prefer to use process
portfolios because they are ideal for documenting the stages
Steps in the Portfolio Assessment Process
First, the teacher and the student need to clearly identify
the portfolio contents, which are samples of student work,
reflections, teacher observations, and conference records.
Second, the teacher should develop evaluation procedures
for keeping track of the portfolio contents and for grading
the portfolio...
Third, the teacher needs a plan for holding portfolio
conferences, which are formal and informal meetings in
which students review their work and discuss their
progress.
Because they encourage reflective teaching and learning,
Uses for portfolios
Showcase for student’s best work, as chosen by student
Showcase for student’s best work, as chosen by teacher
Showcase for students’ interest
Showcase for students’ growth
Evidence of self-assessment
Complete collection of student work for documentation
and archiving
A constantly changing sample of work chosen by
student (could change in response to different
exhibitions or needs like applying to college)
Reasons in Using Portfolio Assessment
Portfolio assessment matches assessment to
teaching. Portfolio assessment has very clear goals.
Portfolio assessment gives a profile of the learner’s
abilities.
Portfolio assessment is a tool for assessing a variety
of skills.
Portfolio assessment develops among students
awareness of their own learning.
Portfolio assessment develops social skills.
Portfolio assessment develops independent and
active learners.
Portfolio assessment can improve motivation for
learning and achievement.
Portfolio assessment is an efficient tool for
demonstrating learning.
Portfolio assessment provides opportunity for teacher-
student dialogue.
•Advantages of Portfolio Assessment
Promoting student self-evaluation, reflection, and
critical thinking.
Measuring performance based on genuine samples of
student work.
Providing flexibility in measuring how students
accomplish their learning goals.
Enabling teachers and students to share the
responsibility for setting learning goals and for
evaluating progress toward meeting those goals.
Facilitating cooperative learning activities, including
peer evaluation and tutoring, cooperative learning
groups, and peer conferencing.
Providing a process for structuring learning in stages.
Providing opportunities for students and teachers to
discuss learning goals and the progress toward those
goals in structured and unstructured conferences.
Enabling measurement of multiple dimensions of
student progress by including different types of data
and materials. (Venn, 2000, p. 538)
•Disadvantages of Portfolio Assessment
•Requiring extra time to plan an assessment system and
conduct the assessment.
•Gathering all of the necessary data and work samples
can make portfolios bulky and difficult to manage.
•Developing a systematic and deliberate management
system is difficult, but this step is necessary in order to
make portfolios more than a random collection of student
work.
•Scoring portfolios involves the extensive use of
subjective evaluation procedures such as rating
scales and professional judgment, and this limits
reliability.
•Scheduling individual portfolio conferences is
difficulty and the length of each conference may
interfere with other instructional activities. (Venn,
2000, p. 538)
