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    This document provides an overview of Java applets, including: - Applets are embedded Java classes that run in web browsers or applet viewers. They differ from applications by being executed within a web browser and not using a main() method. - Applets have security restrictions to prevent file access, program execution, and network access except to the host server. Java provides a secure environment to run applets by checking the URL and applet signature. - The lifecycle of an applet involves init(), start(), paint(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Parameters can be passed to applets via HTML <param> tags. - Applets can be viewed using an applet viewer or web browser, and

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    This document provides an overview of Java applets, including: - Applets are embedded Java classes that run in web browsers or applet viewers. They differ from applications by being executed within a web browser and not using a main() method. - Applets have security restrictions to prevent file access, program execution, and network access except to the host server. Java provides a secure environment to run applets by checking the URL and applet signature. - The lifecycle of an applet involves init(), start(), paint(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Parameters can be passed to applets via HTML <param> tags. - Applets can be viewed using an applet viewer or web browser, and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    16 views21 pages

    1 Applets

    Uploaded by

    shawn90
    This document provides an overview of Java applets, including: - Applets are embedded Java classes that run in web browsers or applet viewers. They differ from applications by being executed within a web browser and not using a main() method. - Applets have security restrictions to prevent file access, program execution, and network access except to the host server. Java provides a secure environment to run applets by checking the URL and applet signature. - The lifecycle of an applet involves init(), start(), paint(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Parameters can be passed to applets via HTML <param> tags. - Applets can be viewed using an applet viewer or web browser, and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    of 21

    Chapter 1 : Java Applet

    Objectives
    To define an applets To describe the support for applets by Java To see how applet differ from other application To understand the lifecycle of applet To implement applet

    Applet is
    Embedded java class in HTML and is downloaded and executed by web browser. Applets are not stand-alone programs, can run either by web browser or applet viewer How does it differ from an application? Executed by web browser Does not using main() method

    Applet Security Restriction


    Most browser prevent the following
    Runtime execution of another program File I/O Call to any native methods Attempts to open a socket to any system except the host that provide the applet

    How Java guarantee applet is safe?

    Applet Secure Environment


    Java provides means of secure environment to run applet at clients site. A remote system checks 2 things
    The originating URL and signature of applet it downloads

    It checks against a local file containing entries mapping special applets to special protection domain.
    This enables special applet coming from particular places to run with special privileges
    5

    Applet Types Applet Types


    1. Based directly on the Applet class ( using Abstract Window Toolkit - AWT) - It provides the graphic user interface (or use no GUI at all) - This style of applet has been available since Java was first created 2. Based on Swing class (JApplet)

    Applet Class Hierarchy


    java.lang.Object

    java.awt.Component java.awt.Container

    java.awt.Window

    java.awt.Panel

    java.awt.Frame

    java.applet.Applet

    javax.swing.JApplet
    7

    Writing An Applet
    import javax.swing.JApplet; Extends to Applet class
    public class HelloWorld extends JApplet

    Applet class must be public Its name must match the file name
    Example : HelloWorld.java.

    Embed Java class into .html file using applet tag


    <applet code=className width=pixels height=pixels> </applet>

    Key Applet Methods


    init()
    Called when the applet is created or recreated

    start()
    Called when the applet become visible

    paint(Graphics g)
    Called when the component is exposed

    stop()
    Called when the applet become invisible
    Browser is minimized or link follows to another URL

    destroy()
    Called when the browser is closed or exited

    Loading An Applet
    http://someLocation/file.html 1. The browser loads the URL

    <html> <applet code = > </applet>

    2. The browser loads the html document

    Applet Classes Browser Location:

    3. The browser loads the applet classes

    http://someLocation/file.html

    4. The browser runs the applet

    Loading
    10

    Applet Life Cycle


    Enter web page Create applet

    init() after init start() exits destroy() return to page stop() Go to another page

    11

    Applet Display
    Applets are graphical in nature. The browser environment calls the paint() method.
    import java.awt.Graphics; import javax.swing.JApplet; public class HelloWorld extends JApplet { private int paintCount; public void init(){ paintCount = 0; } public void paint (Graphics g) { g.drawString("Hello World", 25,25); ++paintCount; g.drawString("Number of times paint called : " + paintCount, 25, 50); } } 12

    Applet Display
    HelloWorld.html <HTML> <applet code = "HelloWorld" width = 300 height = 100> </applet> </HTML>

    C:\src\Lecture 8> javac HelloWorld.java C:\src\Lecture 8> appletviewer HelloWorld.html

    13

    Viewing Applet
    Viewing using appletviewer
    appletviewer HelloWorld.html

    Viewing using web browser


    Address : C:\src\Lecture 8\HelloWorld.html

    14

    <applet> Tag Structure


    <applet [archive = archiveList] code = appletFile.class width = pixels height = pixels [codebase = codeBaseURL] [alt = alternateText] [name = appletInstanceName] [align = alignment] [vspace = pixels] [hspace = pixels] > [<param name = appletAttribute value = value>] </applet>

    15

    Passing Parameter to Applet


    To passed parameter to an applet
    Declare the parameter in the HTML file
    Using <param>
    <param name = appletAttribute value = value>

    Read the parameter during applet initialization


    Using getParameter()

    16

    DisplayMessage.java Example Code


    import javax.swing.JApplet; import java.awt.Graphics; public class DisplayMessage extends JApplet { String text; int x,y; public void init() { text = getParameter("Message"); x = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("x")); y = Integer.parseInt(getParameter("y")); }

    public void paint(Graphics g){ g.drawString(text, x,y); }


    }

    17

    DisplayMessage.html Example Code


    <html> <applet code="DisplayMessage.class" width=200 height=50> <param name = Message value = "Java is fun!"> <param name = x value = 20> <param name = y value = 30> </applet> </html>

    18

    Running Applet as Application


    Applet can be converted to an application without loss of functionality. Implement main() method to enable the applet run as application.

    19

    Example Code
    import import import import java.awt.Graphics; java.awt.BorderLayout; javax.swing.JApplet; javax.swing.JFrame; public class HelloWorldApp extends JApplet { private int paintCount; public void init(){ paintCount = 0; }

    public void paint (Graphics g) { g.drawString("Hello World", 25,25); ++paintCount; g.drawString("Number of times paint called : + paintCount, 25, 50); }
    public static void main (String args[]) { JFrame frame = new JFrame("HelloWorldApp Demo"); HelloWorldApp app = new HelloWorldApp(); frame.add(app,BorderLayout.CENTER); app.init(); app.start(); frame.setSize(300,300); frame.setVisible(true); }

    }
    20

    The End

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