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Explain Rules of Inference Formulas With Some Example

Rules of inference are essential principles in logical reasoning that allow conclusions to be derived from premises. Key rules include Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, Disjunctive Syllogism, Hypothetical Syllogism, Conjunction, Simplification, and Addition, each with specific forms and examples. Mastering these rules is crucial for effective logical reasoning and mathematical proofs.

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110 views12 pages

Explain Rules of Inference Formulas With Some Example

Rules of inference are essential principles in logical reasoning that allow conclusions to be derived from premises. Key rules include Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, Disjunctive Syllogism, Hypothetical Syllogism, Conjunction, Simplification, and Addition, each with specific forms and examples. Mastering these rules is crucial for effective logical reasoning and mathematical proofs.

Uploaded by

swaranbannu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Explain Rules Of Inference Formulas

With Some Example?

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Introduction to Rules of Inference

• Rules of inference are fundamental principles used in logical


reasoning.

• They allow us to derive conclusions from premises in a


formal system.

• Understanding these rules is essential for mathematical


proofs and logical arguments.
What are Inference Rules?

• Inference rules are guidelines that dictate how new


statements can be derived from existing statements.

• They are crucial in both propositional logic and predicate


logic.

• Each rule has a specific form and is used to derive valid


conclusions.
Modus Ponens

• Modus Ponens is a rule that states if "P implies Q" and "P" is
true, then "Q" must also be true.

• This can be expressed as: If P → Q and P, then Q.

• For example, if "If it rains, the ground will be wet" is true,


and it rains, then the ground is wet.
Modus Tollens

• Modus Tollens states that if "P implies Q" and "Q" is false,
then "P" must also be false.

• This is expressed as: If P → Q and ¬Q, then ¬P.

• For instance, if "If it rains, the ground will be wet" is true,


and the ground is not wet, then it did not rain.
Disjunctive Syllogism

• Disjunctive Syllogism allows us to conclude one disjunct if


the other is false.

• It can be stated as: If P ∨ Q and ¬P, then Q.

• For example, if "It is either sunny or rainy" is true, and it is


not sunny, we can conclude it must be rainy.
Hypothetical Syllogism

• Hypothetical Syllogism states that if "P implies Q" and "Q


implies R," then "P implies R."

• This is expressed as: If P → Q and Q → R, then P → R.

• For instance, if "If it rains, the ground will be wet" and "If
the ground is wet, the grass will grow," then "If it rains, the
grass will grow."
Conjunction

• The Conjunction rule allows us to combine two true


statements into one.

• It can be stated as: If P and Q are both true, then P ∧ Q is


true.

• For example, if "It is sunny" is true and "It is warm" is true,


then "It is sunny and warm" is also true.
Simplification

• Simplification allows us to derive a single statement from a


conjunction.

• It can be expressed as: If P ∧ Q, then P (or Q).

• For instance, from "It is sunny and warm," we can conclude


"It is sunny."
Addition

• Addition allows us to introduce a disjunction from a single


true statement.

• It can be stated as: If P is true, then P ∨ Q is also true.

• For example, if "It is raining" is true, we can conclude "It is


raining or it is snowing."
Conclusion and Importance

• Mastering rules of inference is essential for effective logical


reasoning and argumentation.

• They form the backbone of logical proofs and problem-


solving in mathematics and computer science.

• By applying these rules, one can ensure that conclusions


drawn are valid and well-supported.

• Feel free to customize or expand on any of the points


presented!
THANK YOU

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