General Packet Radio Service

Network Infrastructure
presented by David Wright Technical Consultant, GPRS CoC Bangkok

Bharti, December 2001

Agenda
Why is GPRS Needed? How does it work? GPRS Network Architecture The Siemens GPRS Roadmap & Architecture Evolution to 3G Why Siemens?
Slide 2 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Why is GPRS Needed?

Bharti, December 2001

Mobile Communications and the Internet - the fastest growing markets in the telcommunications industry today
1,8 Subscriptions worldwide (bn) 1,6 1,4 1,2
Mobile Fixed Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Mobile Internet subscriber Mobile subscriber

1,0
0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 1995
Slide 4 - 4/11/2012

2000

2005

2010
Source: Ovum, ICM N MC

Bharti, December 2001

Disadvantages of Current GSM Data Services

Disadvantages for the user Restricted user data rate (9.6kBit/s) Charged for connection time, not usage Long call setup time (approx. 20s in case of modem usage) Restricted length of SMS

Disadvantages for the operator Inefficient resource management Restricted number of users SMS is not an ideal match for many applications

Makes it difficult to develop data services into a mass market !

Slide 5 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

GPRS Makes Things Better

Charging based on time and/or volume of data transferred High peak data rates (up to 64kbps or 96kbps with CS1 and CS2) Fast call setup and release Suitable for bursty or bulky data transfer Efficient resource utilisation - use of radio resources only on demand Flexible packet size

Satisfies the needs of most applications

Mobile Stations are already becoming available
Slide 6 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Information
Internet-Surfing Intelligent Search & Filtering Agents On-line Media On-Line Translation Local Information Booking & Reservation News

Office Information
Virtual working groups Mobile Office Tele - working Schedule Synchronisation

Communication
Video telephony Video Conferencing Speech e-mail Announcing Services SMS Electronic Postcard

Education
Virtual School On-line Labors On-Line Library On-Line Training Remote Consultation

Special Services
Security Services Hotline Tele-medicine

Financial Services
On-line banking universal SIM- & Credit Card Home shopping stock quotes

Leisure
Virtual Book Store Music on demand Games on demand virtual Sight Seeing Ski Net, Disney Net Lottery Services

Public Services
Public

Telemetric Services
(Machine- Machine Services) Location Based Tracking (GSP) Navigation Assistance Travel Information Fleet Management Remote diagnostics

Electronics/Voting Public information Help Broadcast Services Yellow Pages

Bharti, December 2001

Possible Applications: The Business Market Segment

HIGH REVENUE PER USER

horizontal applications Unified messaging Internet access www browsing Push and Pull information services: stock market, flight connections
vertical applications Sales ordering Stock overview Mobile office Key factors: flexibility, security and reliability
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Bharti, December 2001

Example Application: Mobile Office

Internet PLMN Service Provider GPRS/GSM

Intranet

Real time access to contracts, Online schedule update, directory look up

newest policies

Multimedia messaging for communication with local office

Slide 9 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Possible Applications: The Consumer Market Segment

HIGH REVENUE PER USER THAN NORMAL USER

horizontal applications Unified messaging Internet access Push and Pull information services: sports, stocks, restaurant finder
vertical applications e-banking e-commerce Telemetry Telematics Games Key factors: cost and ease of use
Slide 10 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Example Application: Restaurant Finder

Connect to WAP server

Load home page of selected restaurant

Receive reservation options from server

Receive incoming call from network

MobilNet Restaurant finder Local specials > Italian French McDonalds Search

MobilNet Restaurant finder: Trattoria Bruno Via Guiseppe 23 Make reserv. Give directions

MobilNet Trattoria Bruno Table Reservation >request call-back submit email show status ..... Connect

MobilNet <<< Incoming >>> <<< call >>> Trattoria Bruno

OK

OK

OK

OK

>

>

>

>

>

Slide 11 - 4/11/2012

>

>

Bharti, December 2001

>

How does it work?

Bharti, December 2001

How does it work?

GPRS PLMN GPRS Network

External PDN

GPRS provides a packet-oriented data bearer between the MS and an external network

Slide 13 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Statistical Multiplexing on the Air Interface

Applications which generate bursty data flows can share radio resources Cheaper for the subscriber: Always On

More revenue per amount of radio spectrum time sold

Higher return on capital invested in GSM radio network Diversification of income sources

TS 0 TS 1 (BCCH)
Slide 14 - 4/11/2012

TS 2

TS 3

TS 4

TS 5

TS 6

TS 7

Bharti, December 2001

Coding Schemes & Signal Quality

CS Coding Scheme

Maximal throughput per GPRS channel (net bitrate, kbit/sec)

20 CS 4 16 CS 3 12 CS 2 8 CS 1 4

0
27dB 23dB 19dB 15dB 11dB 7dB 3dB

C/I

CS1 gives most reliable connectivity under all conditions (signaling and start of data) CS2 enhances the capacity and may be utilized during the data transfer phase CS3/CS4 will bring the highest speed but require significantly more radio resources
Slide 15 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Coding Schemes & Data Rates

180 kbps 160 kbps
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4

140 kbps
120 kbps 100 kbps 80 kbps

60 kbps
40 kbps 20 kbps 0 kbps 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 TS 8 TS

Slide 16 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

GPRS Network Architecture

Bharti, December 2001

New Network Entities

GPRS Support Nodes:

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) GPRS Register (extension of HLR) Packet Control Unit in the BSC (PCU)

GGSN

SGSN

DNS

DNS

Slide 18 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Impact to existing Network infrastructure

GR integration into HLR

HLR / GR Gateway MSC

PSTN

Mobile DTE

Visited MSC/VLR BTS

P

ISDN
Internet

BSC

C U

BTS extension by SW PCU Integration into BSC

Serving GSN

Gateway GSN

Intranet PSPDN

BSS GSN HLR VLR

Base Station System GPRS Support Node Home Location Register Visitor Location Register

SGSN & GGSN based on a new platform

DNS

Slide 19 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

GPRS Network Architecture

DNS
BSS SGSN IntraPLMN IP Network GGSN
isp.com

The Internet

BSS

Frame Relay Network SGSN

GGSN Intranet
intranet.company.com

BG SGSN Inter-PLMN IP Network

BSS

BSS Bharti, December 2001

BSS

Slide 20 - 4/11/2012

Roaming and using the Home-GGSN

External PDN GGSN SGSN DNS IntraPLMN IP Network

IntraPLMN IP Network

BG

Inter-PLMN IP Network

BG
DNS

DNS

Border Gateways may be used to provide a secure logical link over a public network

Slide 21 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Siemens GPRS Solution: Roadmap & Architecture

Bharti, December 2001

Roadmap - GPRS Core Highlights

GR5.0
GR4.0 GR3.1 GR2.0 GR1.0 03/00
Point-to-Point Service Interface to BSS (Gb), PDN (Gi) and HLR (Gr) Volume dependent Charging Perform. Management Support of SMS Radius Interception (Step 1) Support of PrePaid Time Tariff Switch SGSN/GGSN colocated

M04

M03

07/02

06/01

Interface to external PLMN I/F (Gp) Ciphering Interface to VLR (Gs) Interception (Step 2) Time Tariff Switch Enhancements Prepaid (Camel Ph3) Support of EDGE Location Services OSPFv2, RIPv2 Routing Distributed SGSN/ GGSN (Gn-Interface)

GPRS - IN (Camel Ph. 3) Enh. Location Services 2G/3G SGSN: Support of UMTS RAN (Iu Interface) QoS Enhancements incl. DiffServ/MPLS (Edge) Support of Compression Charging Gateway (Ga) Interception Upgr. Pkg. IPSec Support of PPP/L2TP Integrated MSC/SGSN

Realtime Services (UMTS/ GERAN) Seamless Handover IP Version 6 (Gi) IPSec HW Secondary PDP Context GERAN A/Gb-mode (Gb over IP) O&M Enhancements Charging Enhancement

End to End QoS Ctrl DiffServ/MPLS/RSVP Policy Server Bandwidth Broker GERAN Iu-mode IP based Iu Full IPv6 (Gp, Gn, Iu) Go/COPS Interface MAP/CAP Security incl. autom. key man.

IP based mobile network

New Features and Services

Slide 23 - 4/11/2012

Platform and Technology

26.10.2001

Feature Candidates

Bharti, December 2001

Performance Roadmap SGSN

Performance / Capacity SGSN / GSN-colocated
Throughput (Mbit/s)
Node throughput (Mbit/s) # of GPRS mobility user

750 k 240 Mbits/s

250 200 150

700 k 600 k

400 k 150 Mbits/s 300 k

500 k 400 k 300 k 200 k 100 k

100 50 10 Mbits/s 0 GR 1.0 GR 2.0

26.10.2001 Slide 24 - 4/11/2012

150 k

50 Mbits/s

GR 3.1

> GR 3.1

Bharti, December 2001

# of GPRS user

300

800 k

Performance Roadmap GGSN

Performance GGSN
Throughput (Mbits/s) 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Co-located product 500 Mbits/s

250 Mbits/s

100 Mbits/s

10 Mbits/s GR 1.0 GR 2.0

26.10.2001

GR 3.1

> GR 3.1

Slide 25 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Evolution to 3G

Bharti, December 2001

Radio Access Network: Incremental Capacity Increase

Micro Cell
Range: some 50-300m Hot spots Medium mobility (> 10km/h) Up to 384 kbps

'Indoor' Pico Cell

Range: some 10m Office/Home environment Low mobility (<10km/h) Up to 2 Mbps

Macro Cell
Range: 350m up to 20km (outdoor) Suburban/rural High mobility Approx.. 144kbps

Underlying GSM/GPRS Coverage

Slide 27 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Core Network: Save on Network Migration

Siemens GSM, GPRS and UMTS core products are be based on same HW and platform components

Minimize your costs !

Slide 28 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Upgrading a 2G-SGSN to a 2G/3G-SGSN

GSM BSS
Gb

LIC LIC LIC

MP/SM MP/PD MP/MM MP/ RANAP

Iu Interface Protocols

IU

UTRAN

MP/SLT MP/ OAM

LIC ASN LIC IP

ATM LIC

Slide 29 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Migration vs New Network - Technical View

High network stability in terms of features and services Guaranteed GSM-/GPRS-/UMTS-interoperability incl. services

Continuity with existing O&M and customer care/billing system

Common applications for 2G-/2.5-/3G, e.g. CAMEL, WAP

Slide 30 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Migration vs New Network - Investment View

Flexible configuration GPRS and UMTS on same platform

Return on investment less dependant on market changes

Cost savings with respect to operational effort (e.g. personnel, training) Continuous investment protection from release to release Single release for GSM, GPRS, UMTS: only one roll out

Slide 31 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

High Level of Reliability

The 3G solution is based on the EWSD switch the most reliable switch in the fixed network with approximately 99.9997 % accuracy the worlds best selling switch with over 200 million ports every fifth conversation goes via EWSD
Siemens EWSD Lucent 5ESS Nortel DMS100 Ericsson AXE-10

Downtime per system per year

Average of the last 7 years in the U.S.A

1 min.

Source: FCC (U.S.)

5 min.

Slide 32 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Why Siemens?

Bharti, December 2001

Why Siemens?
Siemens GPRS nodes are based on reliable telco-grade hardware and software systems.

Siemens GPRS nodes are highly scaleable.

2G and 3G functions can be combined in one node with a single software release. Minimise your operating costs and capital expenditure over time.

Slide 34 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

GPRS References
Country
Austria Bulgaria China China Croatia Czech Republic Czech Republic Denmark Germany Indonesia Italy Italy Luxemburg

Operator
maxmobil MobilTel MCC Unicom Cronet Radiomobil Cesky Mobil Tele 2 D2 TELKOMobile TIM WIND P&T

Trial

Commercial Contract
C+R C+R

Country
Malysia Morocco Malta Netherlands Norw ay Poland Romania Portugal Russia Slovenia South Africa

Operator
Celcom IAM Vodafone NS RIB Netcom PTC Mobifon TMN MTS Si.Mobil Vodacom Telefonica GIF

Trial
X

Commercial Contract

C C+R C C+R R X X X C+R C X C+R

X X X

R R R R R C C+R C+R

X R C+R

Spain Spain

Slide 35 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

GPRS References
Country
Spain Sw eden Sw eden Taiw an Taiw an Thailand Turkey Ukraine USA

Operator
Airtel Banverket Tele 2 MoBiTai TCC AIS Aycell UMC Voicestream

Trial

Commercial Contract
C+R C+R C C+R C+R

X C C X

Slide 36 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Backup Slides

Bharti, December 2001

The Siemens ATM Platform: Supports Various Products

Siemens ATM Platform
MP MP MP ASN LIC LIC LIC

ATM for EWSD and SURPASS

ATM for Mobile

#7-Signalling Application (SSNC, STP)

Voice & Data ATM Switch

2G MSC

3G MSC
#7-Signalling, UMTS Mobility, voice AAL2 switching, TRAU

2G/3G-SGSN
#7-Signalling, Mobility, packet switching

Mobile Gateways H.248 VoAAL2, VoIP, TRAU

Signalling GW CCS #7, MTP, SCTP

#7-Signalling @vantage D-900

Slide 38 - 4/11/2012

@vantage CMX-5000

@vantage CPX-5000

@vantage CMG-3000

@vantage CSG-3000

Bharti, December 2001

The Siemens ATM Platform: Key Features

Designed for high performance ATM switching

Throughput scalable to 160 Gbit/s in 5 Gbit/s increments

Up to 1000 simultaneous OC-3/STM-1 interfaces (or equivalent) Voice carrier grade reliability (99.999%) and performance (up to 4 MBHCA)

High reliability

Flexibility in terms of protocols and connection types

Flexible port speeds from 1.5 Mbit/s to 2.4 Gbit/s (STM-1 / 4 / 16) Huge variety of traffic class / connection type configurations Native ATM and CES (Circuit Emulation Services) interfaces UNI 3.1 & 4.0, DSS2, B-ISUP, N-ISUP (ANSI & ITU-T), AINI, PNNI Bharti, December 2001

Slide 39 - 4/11/2012

The Siemens IP Mobile Platform

Siemens IP Mobile Platform
MCP SP LC MCP SP LC

SURPASS hiA

IP for Mobile

SURPASS hiA

MultiService Access

Data Mobility IP protocol stacks

Integrated Access Device (e.g. xDSL)

GPRS 2G SGSN

2G/3G SGSN

2G/3G GGSN Realtime QoS Charging Gateway Inter- / Intranet

BSS connection IP, FR, ATM @vantage CPX-5000

Slide 40 - 4/11/2012

BSS & UTRAN connection Realtime QoS @vantage CPX-5000

@vantage CPG-3000

Bharti, December 2001

The Siemens IP Mobile Platform: Key Features

Designed for high performance IP mobility support

Throughput scalable up to 2 Gbps

Up to 600.000 simultaneous internet sessions High availability, reliability and scalability telecom platform (99.999%) IP Routing (IPV4, IPv6), IP VPN Support (L2TP, Virtual Router, MPLS) Broadband Remote Access Server (BB-RAS) Media Gateway (VoIP) PPP, L2TP, IPv4, IPv6, RADIUS, RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, Virtual Router, MIP, BGP4, DHCP, NAT, IP multicast, IP QoS (DiffServ), MPLS, IPSec, SNMP ATM (E1, E3, STM-1), FR, Ethernet 10/100BaseT and 100BaseFx

Carrier-grade design

Highly flexible in various network scenarios

Wide range of interfaces and protocols

Slide 41 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Signalling Examples

Bharti, December 2001

PDP Context Activation

MS SGSN GGSN
(PDP Type, PDP Address, APN,QoS Negotiated, TID, MSISDN)

1. Activate PDP Context Request 2. Security Functions

(NSAPI, PDP Type, PDP Address, APN,QoS Requested)

3. Create PDP Context Request 3. Create PDP Context Response 4. Activate PDP Context Accept
(TID, PDP Address, QoS Negotiated, Charging ID)

(PDP Type, PDP Address,QoS Negotiated, Radio Priority)

Slide 43 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Intra SGSN Routing Area Update

MS

BSS

SGSN

1. Routeing Area Update Request

(Old RAI)

2. Security Functions 3. Routeing Area Update Accept 4. Routeing Area Update Complete
(P-TMSI)

Slide 44 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Inter SGSN Routing Area Update

MS BSS new SGSN old SGSN GGSN HLR 1. Routeing Area Update Request 2. SGSN Context Request 2. SGSN Context Response 3. Security Functions 4. SGSN Context Acknowledge 5. Forward Packets 6. Update PDP Context Request 6. Update PDP Context Response 7. Update Location 8. Cancel Location 8. Cancel Location Ack 9. Insert Subscriber Data 9. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 10. Update Location Ack 11. Routeing Area Update Accept 12. Routeing Area Update Complete

Slide 45 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Charging

Bharti, December 2001

Charging
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Each xGSN generates charging info The CGF in each xGSN creates one or more CDRs for each PDP context CDRs are retrieved by the Billing System or a separate Mediation Function CDRs are correlated and formatted by the Billing System or a separate Mediation Function Rating and Billing is done by the Billing System Mediation Function Billing System

CGF

CGF . . . . .

CGF

SGSN

GGSN

xGSN

Slide 47 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Subscriber Provisioning

Bharti, December 2001

Create Mobile Subscriber

If the subscriber does not already have a voice subscription, the subscriber must be created in the AC (CR ACMSUB) before being created in the HLR (CR MSUB) GPRS-specific service types which can be specified: GPRS, TS21GPRS (SMS-MT), TS22GPRS (SMS-MO)

Slide 49 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Enter GPRS Service

PDP Context Subscription Records are created using ENTR GPRSERV, with the following parameters: MSIN from the IMSI

PDPREC an identifier for the PDP Context (1-10)

PDPADR PDP Address type (IPv4 or X.25) and optionally, an address QOSPROF QoS profile name (QoS profile must previously have been created: CR QOSPROF) APN (optional) APNAREA area in which APN is valid (HPLMN or ALLPLMN)

Slide 50 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001

Create QoS Profile

QoS Profiles are created in the HLR using CR QOSPROF, with the following parameters: QOSPROF QoS profile name, 1-8 characters

PRECED Precedence Class: high/normal/low

DELAY Low, normal, high, or best-effort RELIAB Reliability class 1-5 PTHRPUT Peak throughput: 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 or 2048 kbps MTHRPUT Mean throughput: best-effort, 0.22, 0.44, 1.11, 2.2, 4.4, 11, 22, 44, 111, 222, 444, 1000, 2000, 4000, 11000, 22000, 44000, 111000 bps
Slide 51 - 4/11/2012

Bharti, December 2001