EPC CTS introduction

What’s included…

› EPC (SAE) introduction

› Nodes in EPC
› Protocols in EPC
› Two simplified traffic cases
› GW Selection overview
› Future

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
Terminology

› LTE (Long Term Evolution)…not 4G

› SAE (System Architecture Evolution)
› EPS (Evolved Packet System)
› EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 Terminology CN RAN e2e
 3GPP work items SAE LTE
 ...and the outcome was EPC E-UTRAN ->EPS

 E/// solution referred to as SAE/EPC LTE LTE/SAE

 Latest used EPC LTE LTE/EPC

CS networks
2G Core Network

Circuit Core
3G

User mgmt IMS domain

LTE
Packet core

Non-3GPP ”IP networks”

© Ericsson AB 2009 101 8831 Rev PA18

031/0062/FCP Commercial
EricssoninConfidential
confidence 2 EPC
EPCOVERVIEW FOR FT
CTS introduction 2009-04-27
2010-02-15
 Network evolution, 2G
PSTN
Internet/IMS

HLR

GGSN SGSN MSC

BSC

Control
User
Both
RBS/BTS
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 Network evolution, 3G + 3GDT
PSTN
Internet/IMS

HLR

MSC-S

GGSN SGSN
MGW
RNC

Control
User
Both
NodeB
031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
Network evolution, E-UTRAN + EPC
VoIP / SIP, ISUP, E1, T1
Other networks
Internet/IMS

CPG

PGW SGW MME

HSS

eNodeB
X2
Control
User
Both
eNodeB eNodeB
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 3GPP releases
•3GPP release 99 (UTRAN)
•3GPP release 5 (HSDPA)
•3GPP release 6 (HSUPA)
•3GPP release 8 (E-UTRAN)
- Stage 1, Sep 2008
- Stage 2, Dec 2008
- Stage 3, March 2009
•3GPP release 9
Small release, mostly postponed rel-8
features
- Stage 2 freezing planned June09
- Stage 3 conclusion target is Dec 09
•3GPP release 10 (E-UTRAN-
Advance)
Likely not before Q1 or Q2 2011

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
E-UTRAN features

› Up to 300 Mbit/s DL & 75 Mbit/s UL (in theory)

› Possible to use E-UTRAN in many different
frequency bands
› E-UTRAN can coexist with other systems like
GSM, WCDMA and even none 3GPP such as
CDMA2000
› 100% IP based core

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
EPC and E-UTRAN architecture
Optimized for performance and cost efficiency

User Management and IMS - Policy Control and Charging –

enhancements of 3GPP R7 IP networks enhancements of 3GPP R7

2G/3G Interconnection of
CPG Other other access
MME technologies using
Seamless inter-working access Mobile IP
with 2G/3G
Optimized UP
path for E-
UTRAN
Signaling User traffic
User traffic and signaling All interfaces using
separation in core network IP
eNodeB

E-UTRAN MME = ”Mobility Management

Entity”
CPG = ”Converge Packet GW”
eNodeB = the LTE base station
031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 Possible to coexist
External
IMS
IP networks ANDSF
Gi S14
OFCS OCS External Rx
GGSN Gz Gy
IP networks
SGi
Gn
PCRF Gxb
S9 Gxa
SWx SWm
HSS
AAA
Gr SWa
HLR Gxc
STa
Gx
S13
EIR S6a
Gf
S6d Gf
SGs CBC
MSC-S S6b S2b
Gs Sv PDN GW ePDG
SBc S2c
Gn S2a
S5/S8
Gn S4
SGSN
S11 Serv GW S103
Gn SGSN MME
S3
S101 SWn
S16 S10
Gb Iu S102

Gb Iu-C S12
(+IU-u) S1-MME S1-U

eNB X2 Trusted Non-trusted

2G 3G E-UTRAN non-3GPP non-3GPP

Notes: SWu
1) S12 or Iu-U are options (also 3G Direct Tunnel not shown for legacy (black) access)
2) S2c is either via non-trusted (incl ePDG) or trusted non-3GPP access
3) S14 is overlaid on IP UP over SGi
4) S101, S102 and S103 are for cdma only
5) All interfaces are not shown for the legacy (black) nodes
6) All interfaces over-the-air not shown

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
The nodes…
MME (Mobile Management Entity)

› WPP MKVI. Possible later MKIV

› Based on SGSN 2009A and later included in
SGSN-MME 2009B
› Only MME now but combined will be possible
› New MME specific commands,node and sys
properties
› Only control plane
› Only IP (v4 and v6)
› S1App, NAS, DIAMETER,GTPV1 and GTPV2
› MME in pool supported

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
The nodes…
CPG (Converge Packet Gateway)
SGW (Serving Package Gateway)
› Ericsson Smart Edge 1200
› Only CPG or SGW but will support both
› Payload
› 480 Gbps chassis throughput
(240 Gbps full duplex)
› Fully meshed slot to slot
› Two central slots for redundant
control processors (XCRPs)
› 12 Universal I/O slots supporting
from FE to 10 GigE ports
› 20 Gbps full duplex per I/O slot (10 Gbps in CPG R1)
› SmartEdge OS 6.1.3 (or later) based on NetBSD with
specific CPG / SGW software added

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
The nodes…
Ericsson Co-located HSS 5.0 with SAPC
› Platform: TSP
› Main IMS database which also acts as database in EPC
› 3GPP Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is the master database for the
users in the network.
› Currently, Ericsson implementation consists of two products: HSS
based on TSP and HLR based on AXE
› HSS info

› Service Aware Policy Controller (SAPC)

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
The nodes…
SASN (Service Aware Support Node)
› User and Control plane operation

› Interfaces:
– User-Gi, Internet-Gi and Gx

› IP Traffic Inspection:
– Charging
– Resource Optimization
– Bandwidth management
– Access control
– Traffic redirection
– Reporting

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
Protocols

S6a (Diameter)

HSS IMS
External
IP networks
NAS MME
S11 (GTPv2)
S1-MME (S1app)

RRC S5/S8 (GTPv2 for control

UE eNB S1u (GTPv1)
SGW and GTPv1 for user) PGW

Payload

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
S1AP - Overview
S1-AP S1-AP

SCTP SCTP

IP IP

L2 L2

L1 L1

eNodeB S1-MME
MME

S1AP:
• S1 Application Protocol.
• Application Layer Protocol between eNodeB and MME
• Control Plane for S1-MME Interface
• Provides signalling services between E-UTRAN and EPC
• Transport for NAS signaling (Ue and MME)

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
S1AP – auto config of eNB in MME

eNB ”INIT” MME

”INIT ACK”

”COOKIE ECHO”

”COOKIE ACK”

“S1SetupRequest”
Global-ENB-ID
eNBname
SupportedTAs

“S1SetupResponse”
MMEname
ServedPLMNs
ServedGUMMEIs (Global Unique MME Id)
RelativeMMECapacity

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 NAS (None Access Stratum)
Between UE and MME divided below in EMM (EPS Mobility
Management) and ESM (EPS Session Management)

– EMM – Registration (attach, TAU, Detach)

– EMM – Security (Authentication, Security mode control, GUTI
allocation, Identification)
– EMM – Connection Control (Service Request)
› Within ECM state (EPS Connection Management)

– ESM – Network Initiated (Default/Dedicated EPS bearer Context

Activation / Modification / Deactivation)
– ESM – UE Initiated (UE requested PDN connectivity Activation /
Deactivation and Bearer modification)

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 EMM, ECM and ESM states

EMM Registered ESM Active

Default bearer, UE context, IMSI, GUTI, TA-list PDN connection exist, IP-address, APN, QoS.
One default and possible one or more
dedicated bearer

S11 IP and TEID

ECM Connected S5 IP and TEID
NAS signalling established S1u IP and TEID

Service Request Timeout in eNB Possible for data transfer (payload)

ECM Idle
No NAS signalling established, TAU

EPS bearer The last EPS bearer

Attach Detach
established released

EMM Deregistered ESM Inactive

No Ue context No PDN connection

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 EMM and ECM states printout
=== sysadm@eqm01s14p2 ANCB ~ # gsh get_subscriber -imsi 26280000

Subscriber Data
----------------------------------------------------------------------
IMSI : 26280000
Mobile Subscriber ISDN No. : 80000
IMEI : Information not available
Roaming Status : Home
HSS Address : hss.ericsson.se
Home PLMN APN Operator Id : Information not available
Subscribed Teleservices : Information not available
Network Access Mode : Information not available
Radio Access Technology : E-UTRAN
Mobility Management State : EMM-REGISTERED ECM-CONNECTED
Paging Proceed Flag :
Tracking Areas [TAI] : 123-456-1
GUTI
PLMN Id : 123-456
MME Group Id : 5891
MME Code : 25
M-TMSI : 3762898044 (#E049447C)
MSC/VLR Address :
Location Confirmed in HSS : true
Data Confirmed by HSS : true

– GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Id) = MCC + MNC + MME group Id + MME Code + M-TMSI

– GUMEI (Globally Unique MME Id) = MCC + MNC + MME group Id + MME Code

– MMEI (MME Id) = MME group Id + MME Code

– S-TMSI (Short Temporary Mobile Subscriber Id) = MME Code + M-TMSI

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 S11
› DNS GW selection

› Create / Delete session

› Create / Modify / Delete bearer
› Downlink data notification

MME SGW
S11
GTPv2 GTPv2
UDP UDP
IP IP
L2 L2
L1 L1

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 S1u
› SGW – TEID and IP provided in S1-MME “Initial Context Setup Request” (MME -> eNB)
› eNB – TEID and IP provided in S1-MME “Initial Context Setup Response” (eNB -> MME)

› Payload

› TEID – Tunnel Endpoint Identifier

eNB SGW
S1u
GTPv1 GTPv1
UDP UDP
IP IP
L2 L2
L1 L1

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 S5 or S8
– Both control and user data
– Using GTPv2 for control plane
– Using GTPv1 for user plane
– Forwarding of user data from S1u and mostly
forwarding of control data from S11

SGW PGW
S5 or S8
GTPv1/2 GTPv1/2
UDP UDP
IP IP
L2 L2
L1 L1

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 S6a
SGi
MME HSS
PDN GW S6a
HSS
S5
3GPP TS 29.272
Diameter Diameter
Diameter

S6a Serving GW IETF RFC 3588

SCTP PDSN SCTP

SCTP
IP IP
IETF RFC 2960
MME
Data link layer S1-U Data link layer

eNodeB
Physical layer Physical layer

X2

– Authentication information (vectors etc)

– Subscriber data (apn, QCI etc)

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 Update Location Request
Simplified Attach returns subscription data
- default APN

HSS
Initial UE(Attach Request) Located in

MME Create Default Bearer

Req(APN)

returns
Attach Request - S-GW payload IP addr & TEID
- UE IP address

UE eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW

Create Default Bearer Req

returns UE IP address

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
Simplified Attach
Initial Context Setup Req( HSS
-S-GW IP addr and TEID,
- Attach Accept) Located in

returns eNB payload IP address and TEID MME Update Bearer Req(
- eNB IP addr & TEID)

UE eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW

Attach Accept(UE IP Address)

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
Simplified Attach
The UE is now in EMM-REGISTERED HSS
and in ECM-CONNECTED Located in

MME

UE eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW

Default EPS Bearer

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
IP address allocation
› The UE indicates if an IP address shall be allocated during
the attach procedure (default bearer establishment) or if the
UE wants to retreive an IP address later on, using DHCP.

DHCP
EPS server
Internet
or
UE eNB S-GW PDN-GW Corporate
network

The UEs IP point of

presence.

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 Gateway selection overview
At initial attach SGW + PGW shall be selected based on 2 pieces of information.
› Where do I want to go (APN)
› Where am I connecting from (TAI)

1.Select APN.
2.DNS query for PGW, iteration until candidate list of FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain
Name) is returned.
3.Based on TAI Choose SGW.
4.DNS query for SGW, iteration until candidate list of FQDN returned.
5.In MME create a list of SGW+PGW pairs, sort by longest matching suffix.
6.DNS query for SGW+PGW to get IP address.

At setup of additional PDN connection, the current SGW shall be used and a PGW be
selected. At e.g. SGW relocation the PGW is fixed and a new SGW shall be selected.

› Reference material by Jose Antonio Albala in Knowledgebase LINK

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 VoIP IMS Internet
Gateway selection

CPG PGW PGW

DNS

MME SGW SGW

SGW

MME
MME

eNB

eNB
eNB eNB eNB

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
 What is coming,more speed...

› At last 4G
› Up to 1 Gbit/s DL => 4G
› Higher mobility speed, up to 350 kph (or if you have a
Toyota Yaris, up to 500 kph)
› 8x8 MIMO in DL and 4x4 MIMO in UL

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15
Good reading...

CPI / PCN

031/0062/FCP 101 8831 Rev PA18 Ericsson Confidential EPC CTS introduction 2010-02-15