Introduction to Statistics
• Chapter 1
• Your Name | Class | Date
What is Statistics?
• Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing,
interpreting, presenting, and organizing data.
• Examples: Polls, health data, market research.
Importance of Statistics
• • Helps in decision-making
• • Used in various fields: economics, business,
medicine, psychology
• • Daily life examples: Weather forecasting,
cricket scores
Types of Statistics
• • Descriptive Statistics: Summarizes data
(mean, median, mode)
• • Inferential Statistics: Makes predictions
based on data
Key Terms
• • Population
• • Sample
• • Data
• • Variable
• • Parameter vs Statistic
Types of Data
• • Qualitative Data: Categorical (e.g., gender,
color)
• • Quantitative Data: Numerical (e.g., height,
marks)
Levels of Measurement
• • Nominal
• • Ordinal
• • Interval
• • Ratio
• Examples and differences among them.
Data Collection Methods
• • Surveys
• • Observations
• • Experiments
• • Simulations
Sampling Techniques
• • Random
• • Stratified
• • Systematic
• • Cluster
• • Convenience
Why Sampling is Used
• • Saves time and cost
• • Efficient for large populations
Sources of Errors
• • Sampling Error
• • Non-Sampling Error
• • Bias
Organizing Data
• • Frequency distributions
• • Tables
• • Charts
Graphical Representation
• • Bar Graph
• • Histogram
• • Pie Chart
• • Line Graph
Measures of Central Tendency
• • Mean
• • Median
• • Mode
• Include examples and formulas
Measures of Dispersion
• • Range
• • Variance
• • Standard Deviation
• Importance in analysis
Applications of Statistics
• • Education
• • Government
• • Sports
• • Health
• • Research
Real Life Example
• Survey of student marks in a class
• Graph + Interpretation
Summary
• • Key points recap
• • Why statistics is useful
Quiz / Q&A
• 1. What is the difference between population
and sample?
• 2. Name two types of data.
• 3. What is inferential statistics?
Thank You
• Questions?
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