Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Outline
Introduction Related underlying techniques
P2P-Kazaa Traditional Internet telephony-SIP
Skype network architecture Skype software and functions Login Process Relay call establishment
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Skype Introduction
P2P application based on Kazaa architecture
Developed by the founder of Kazaa(file-sharing com-
Proprietary protocol
Reverse engineering, experiments analysis
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Skype-underlying techniques
P2P overlay: Kazaa
Super-node Lookup is based on some variation of flooding
Underlying techniquesP2P
1. Napster - Centralized 2. Gnutella - Decentralized 3. Kazaa - Hybrid
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dex server
clien
File t
-------------------------------------
Serv er
reply query
clien t
Direct download
File D ow
clien t
clien t
nload
clien t
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tem
Flooding based
search
Direct download
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like Napster
Not decentralized
Supe r Node
Ordinary Node
Smart Query
Supe r Node
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Underlying techniquesSIP
SIP Network Ele-
ments
DNS Server
Location Server
DNS
Outbound Proxy Server
SIP
SIP SIP
UAC
SIP
Media(RTP)
UAS
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SIP-Call Setup
DNS Server
4. DNS Lookup
Outbound Proxy Server
Location Server
3. INVITE
Caller Alice
Callee Bob
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Registaration
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Skype login server Message exchange with the login server during login
ment
ordinary host (SC) super node (SN) neighbor relationships in the Skype network
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Skype Client(SC)
Listens on particular ports for incoming Maintains Host caches Wideband codecs Maintains Buddy list Encrypts messages end-to-end Determines if it is behind a NAT or a firewall
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installation
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longer part of the network, etc) it reads next entry and tries to connect to it.
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C:\Users\sh\AppData\Roaming\Skype\shared.x
Bootstrap IP address and port pairs hardcoded in Used, when unable to establish TCP connection
Login Process
Start
YES
Connected
No
Send UDP to HC IP/Port TCP connection attempt with HC IP/port443
Success
YES
YES
Success
Connected
No
No
Attempt=5 ?
Failure
YES
YES
Connected
No
No
Wait for 6 sec
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Call Relay
TCP con S ction Skype Netnec S onne tion N CP c work B T N Media SC SC A 1 2 Me di NA edia M a NA Host cache T T S (HC) A N S B C C N D E E SC = Relay Node S Skype (RN) N Client 5/26/12
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Caller and callee are behind port-restricted NAT and UDP-blocking firewall
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2323
References [1] An Analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony Protocol bySalman A. Baset and Henning Schulzrinne [2] Silver Needle in the Skype by Philippe Biondi and Desclaux Fabrice [3] Skype Relay Calls: Measurements and Experiments by Wookyun Kho, Salman Baset, and Henning Schulzrinne
Thank you
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