FOUR POINT
AND
FOUR LINE
GEOMETRY
FOUR POINT
GEOMETRY
UNDEFINED TERMS: POINT, LINE, ON.
AXIOM 1: AXIOM 3:
There exist AXIOM 2: Each line
Each pair of
exactly four distinct points is contains
distinct contained in exactly two
points. exactly one line. points.
STEP STATEMENT REASONS
THERE EXIST EXACTLY FOUR THIS IS THE STATEMENT OF
1 DISTINCT POINTS A, B, C, AND D. POSTULATE 1. A
D
THERE ARE SIX PAIRS OF
2 POINTS: STATEMENT 1, LISTING, AND
{A,B}, {A,C}, {A,D}, {B,C}, COUNTING
{B,D}, AND {C,D}
3
STATEMENT 2 AND POSTULATE 2.
(NOTE THAT SINCE WE HAVE SIX PAIRS
B
THERE IS EXACTLY ONE LINE OF POINTS THIS GENERATES UP TO
CONTAINING EACH OF THE SIX LINES. HOWEVER, WE STILL HAVE C
SIX PAIRS OF POINTS ABOVE. TO SHOW THESE ARE DISTINCT AND
ARE THE ONLY LINES.
THE SET OF LINES IS STATEMENT 2 AND 3 AND
4 EXACTLY {{A,B}, {A,C}, AXIOM 3
{A,D}, {B,D}, {C,D}}.
FOUR POINT GEOMETRY
PROPOSITIONS:
PROPOSITION 1:
A. GIVEN ANY LINE AND POINT NOT ON THE LINE, THERE
EXIST EXACTLY ONE LINE THROUGH THAT POINT PARALLEL
TO THE GIVEN LINE.
B. GIVEN ANY LINE, THERE EXACTLY ONE LINE PARALLEL TO
IT AND FOUR LINES THAT INTERSECT IT.
PROPOSITION 2:
ANY PAIR OF DISTINCT LINES INTERSECT IN AT MOST ONE
POINT.
FOUR LINE
GEOMETRY
AXIOM 1: AXIOM 2: AXIOM 3:
THERE EXIST ANY TWO EACH POINT
EXACTLY DISTINCT IS ON
FOUR LINES. LINES EXACTLY TWO
INTERSECT IN LINES
ONE POINT.
STATEMENT REASON
1. THERE EXIST EXACTLY
FOUR LINES p, q, r and s.
THIS IS A STATEMENT OF AXIOM
1.
A
2. THERE ARE SIX PAIRS OF STATEMENTS 1 AND q
INTERSECTING LINES
CONSISTING OF A SINGLE
COUNTING GIVES SIX PAIRS
OF LINES WHICH MUST B r E
p
POINT. INTERSECT IN EXACTLY ONE
{A}=p{B}= POINT BY EACH POSTULATE.
3. THERE ARE EXACTLY SIX
DISTINCT POINTS.
THESE POINTS ARE UNIQUE
SINCE IF TWO WERE s
C
IDENTICAL THEN THEY
WOULD BE ON AT LEAST 3
LINES CONTRADICTING
AXIOM 3 THAT SAYS EACH
D
POINT IS ON AT MOST 2
LINES. THERE ARE NO OTHER
POINTS BECAUSE AXIOM 3
GUARANTEES THAT EACH
POINTS IS ON AT LEAST TWO
FOUR LINE GEOMETRY
PROPOSITION:
PROPOSITION 1:
A.GIVEN a LINE l AND A POINT X NOT ON THE LINE
l, THERE EXIST EXACTLY ONE POINT ON l WHICH
IS NON-COLLINEAR WITH X.
B.GIVEN ANY POINT, THERE EXIST EXACTLY ONE
POINT NON-COLLINEAR WITH IT AND FOUR
POINTS COLLINEAR WITH IT.
PROPOSITION 2:
GIVEN ANY PAIR OF POINT X AND Y, THERE EXIST
AT MOST ONE LINE CONTAINING BOTH OF THEM.
DUAL GEOMETRIES
TWO GEOMETRIES ARE SAID TO BE DUAL IF THERE IS BIJECTION BETWEEEN
THE POINT OF ONE GEOMETRY AND THE LINES OF THE OTHER GEOMETRY
SUCH THAT THE INCIDENCE RELATIONS ARE REVERSED. E. g, “is on” in
the original geometry becomes “contains” in the dual
geometry, intersecting becomes collinear, parallel becomes
ono-collinear, etc. for example, the four point and the four line
geometry that the incidence are reverse, such that if a point is
on a line in the four point geometry then the image of the
point contains the image point of the line in the four line
geometry. Notice that the axiom and propositions are simply
inverted as well.
FOUR POINT GEOMETRY FOUR LINE GEOMETRY
AXIOM 1: AXIOM 1:
There exist exactly four THERE EXIST EXACTLY FOUR LINES.
distinct points. AXIOM 2:
AXIOM 2: ANY TWO DISTINCT LINES INTERSECT
Each pair of distinct points is IN ONE POINT.
contained in exactly one line. AXIOM 3:
EACH POINT IS ON EXACTLY TWO
AXIOM 3:
Each line contains exactly two LINES
PROPOSITION 1:
points. A. GIVEN a LINE l AND A POINT X NOT ON
THE LINE l, THERE EXIST EXACTLY ONE
PROPOSITION 1:
A. GIVEN ANY LINE AND POINT NOT ON THE LINE, POINT ON l WHICH IS NON-COLLINEAR
THERE EXIST EXACTLY ONE LINE THROUGH THAT WITH X.
POINT PARALLEL TO THE GIVEN LINE. B. GIVEN ANY POINT, THERE EXIST
B. GIVEN ANY LINE, THERE EXACTLY ONE LINE EXACTLY ONE POINT NON-COLLINEAR
PARALLEL TO IT AND FOUR LINES THAT INTERSECT WITH IT AND FOUR POINTS COLLINEAR
IT. WITH IT.
PROPOSITION 2:
PROPOSITION 2:
ANY PAIR OF DISTINCT LINES INTERSECT IN AT MOST
ONE POINT. GIVEN ANY PAIR OF POINT X AND Y, THERE
EXIST AT MOST ONE LINE CONTAINING
BOTH OF THEM.
