Introduction

Imagine your favorite food served before you. Surely, you will find delight in taking a bite of it. While savoring its exquisiteness, the thought of how it is prepared eventually slips out of your mind. Dr. Jose Rizal, the greatest hero of the Malayan race, has plated the sweetest dream of his oppressed people, that is, freedom. As the beneficiaries, like the diners perhaps, we continue to taste the delicious fruits of his labors as we enjoy our freedom. While Rizals realized dream is seen as your favorite food, the steps of preparing the latter are reflected by his hardships. Indeed, we have always been aware of his experiences, his miseries, his triumphs. However, we are not well versed of the ingredients necessary for the preparation of such.

The ingredients of your favorite food are embodied by the values and virtues that Rizal has learned throughout his meaningful journey here on Earth. Without such, there wouldnt have been any Rizal immortalized in our hearts today, we would have been still suffering from the hands of foreign oppressors.

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Imagine this compilation as your recipe book. In here, you will find the values and virtues that have made the man Rizal was. These moral principles are reflected in his ways, his words, his beliefs, his writings, his ideals. Also, such are found in his encounters with various individuals, in the ways of his friends, in the interaction among his colleagues.

This book extracts the values found throughout his journey. For every chapter, certain situations are cited manifesting the values/virtues reflected. Also, a broad

explanation of each value/virtue is included. This is not a mere compilation of Rizals moral principles, but also an explicit representation of how he thinks, how he deals with situations, how he has lived his life.

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Chapter 1 Advent of a National Hero

aith in God This exemplifies ones belief and trust in God. It was a Wednesday and my coming out in this vale of tears would have cost my mother her life had she not vowed to the virgin of Antipolo to take me to her sanctuary by way of pilgrimage. Despite various beliefs in deities, the growing number of sects in our society which manifests religion differences, one thing is sure that we all hold faith in someone we believe in. For Christians, like Rizal, we adhere to the words and life of Jesus Christ. The citation above shows how intense the Rizal familys faith in God is. If Doa Teodora (Rizals mother), did not have faith in God, she would not have been able to give birth to Rizal who had an unusual big head. It seemed impossible for her to take a normal delivery. Fortunately, through her belief in the Immaculate Virgin of Antipolo entwined with her promise that she would do a pilgrimage on Rizals 7 th birthday, she gave birth to a healthy boy without compromising her own condition.

ignity It is defined as the respect that other people have for you or that you have for yourself.

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Shortly before Doa Teodoras death, the Philippine government offered her a life pension. She courteously rejected it saying, My family has never been patriotic for money. If the government has plenty of funds and does not know what to do with them, better reduce the taxes. Such remarks truly befitted her as a worthy mother of a national hero. The dignity of a man is one of the hardest things to protect because of rampant temptations and crucial needs that may call for sacrifices including his/her dignity. For Doa Teodora, despite the temptation of money offered by the Philippine government, she chose to retain her dignity and insisted on diverting such funds to some good cause.

Strong family ties

These are the invisible bonds that hold together a family. The Filipino family is known to manifest such as proven by the existence of extended families. Sibling relationship among the Rizal children was affectionately cordial. As a little boy, Rizal used to play games with his sisters. Although he had boyish quarrels with them, he respected them. Years later, when he grew to manhood, he always called them Doa or Seora (if married) and Seorita (if single). Rizals relation with his only brother, Paciano, who was ten years his senior, was more than that of younger to older brother. Paciano was a second father to him. Throughout his life, Rizal respected him and greatly valued his sagacious advice.

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The paragraph above, which is cited from the book of Zaide, is an evidence that the Rizal family had strong family ties. This value distinguishes the Eastern from the Western families. In the Philippine context, there is a strong bond uniting siblings together that is seen not only in the way they call one another, but also in the way they treat one another. Inside the Rizal family, neither do their huge age gaps nor their being a big family hampered their being close to one another. Despite different aspirations and goals, they still managed to stand as one family.

ove of Nature This is ones strong feeling of caring about nature and environment. Behind the Rizal house were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of tropical fruit tress atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc. Rizal family not only had love of country, but also love of nature. This was shown by the many trees planted around their house giving them fresh air to breathe. Also, such enable them to help the environment by doing so.

ndustry This is defined as the energy and willingness to work very hard. From the farms, which were rented from the Dominican Order, Don Francisco and Doa Teodora (Rizals parents) harvested rice, corn, and sugarcane. They raised pigs,

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chickens, and turkeys in their backyard. In addition to farming and stockraising, Doa Teodora managed a general goods store and operated a small flour-mill and a home-made ham press. This illustrated the industry of Rizals parents. Through which, they were able to be sent to exclusive schools, be one of the distinguished families in Calamba. Although life during that time was tough, Don Francisco and Doa Teodora, through their hard work and industry, managed to belong to the principalia, a town aristocracy.

ospitality This value illuminates the act of being friendly, welcoming and being generous to visitors. Rizal parents were gracious hosts to all visitors and guests friars, Spanish officials, and Filipino friends during the town fiestas and other holidays. Beneath their roof, all guests irrespective of their color, rank, social position, and economic status, were welcome. Hospitality is a value that marks our blood as Filipinos. We embrace and treat everyone with utmost respect and warmth. It was of no wonder that Rizal family was able to establish an impressive reputation during the Hispanic centuries. Through which, they proved to be worthy of the appraisal immortalizing them up to the moment.

iscipline The value above is a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behavior and obey rules.

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Rizal couple believed in the maxim Spare the rod and spoil the child. They never spoiled their children. They were strict parents and they trained their children to love God, to behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people, especially the old folks. Discipline, indeed, entails a lot. It is a virtue that encompasses almost all other virtues. Its essence is proved to be inevitable in all situations. With the right discipline, Rizal was able to express what he wanted to say, to defend his oppressed people, to attack abusive Spanish authorities, and to free his Fatherland from the cruel chains of Spanish colonization.

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Chapter 2 Childhood Years in Calamba

ove of Learning It is a strong feeling of pleasure and enjoyment in learning. Rizals aya related to him many stories about fairies, tales of buried treasure and trees blooming with diamonds, and other fabulous stories. The imaginary tales told by the aya aroused in Rizal an enduring interest in legends and folklore. At an early age, Rizal conditioned himself on seizing every opportunity to learn. While enjoying, he was also learning. This attitude of him brought him various literary and academic achievements. Even when he had already received his college degree, curiosity for new ideas never stopped. Corollary to this, he kept on cultivating his mind, knowledge, and skills.

esiliency Explicitly, this is the ability to quickly become strong, healthy or happy after a difficult situation. The death of Concha, Rizals little sister, brought the latter his first sorrow. Losing someone dear to you fears everyone. For Rizal, this caused him his first tears. Fortunately, Rizal possessed that positive attitude of resiliency the ability to cope with failures or downfalls. Because of this, he stood up again and continued his

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mission of freeing his oppressed people. This was also seen in his various endeavors in and out of the country. Not once did he feel hopeless; but, his being resilient taught him to never give up.

oyalty This is the quality of remaining faithful to other people. On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father went to a pilgrimage to Antipolo in order to fulfill his mothers vow which was made when Jose was born. This certain happening in the heros life proved his loyalty to vows. Although he was not the one who made it, he felt reasonably obliged to fulfill it because it was for his life. At a young age, he learned the value of keeping ones words. Because of this, until his very last breath, he remained loyal to his promise to do everything for his Fatherland, even if it meant sacrificing his life.

etermination Dictionary defines this as having or showing a strong desire to do something even if it is difficult. The moth continued to tease the flickering fire despite the fact that it was dangerous and might take its life. The moths determination was and dissolved by the danger that it might face just as Rizal never hesitated to defend his oppressed people and attack the Spanish authorities despite the threat in his life.

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eing Goal-oriented A person who reflects the value above sets his plans, objectives, vision, and mission. In view of these injustices and cruelties, although yet a child, my imagination was awakened and I made a vow dedicating myself someday to avenge the many victims. With this idea in my mind, I studied, and this is seen in all my writings. Someday, God will give me the opportunity to fulfill my promise. This was the dream that Rizal had envisioned for his countrymen, for his Fatherland. He studied in prestigious universities, even went abroad to seek advance knowledge, committed himself to dedicating all his works for the liberty of his people, and died for his country. All these he did for the sovereignty of his land.

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Chapter 3 Early Education in Calamba and Binan

Patience
This is the ability to continue waiting or doing something over time without becoming angry or anxious. On his mothers lap, Rizal learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers. As a tutor, Doa Teodora was patient, conscientious, and understanding. The citation above clearly indicated that patience will take you in a long way. If Doa Teodora did not have enough patience in teaching young Pepe, he would not have been the national hero that he is today.

espect Literally, this is the attitude of regarding something or someone as important so that you treat them in a kind, polite or careful way. Rizal was kissing the hands of his older sisters and parents when he left for Bian. Respect is definitely something that must be learned by everyone. For Rizal, it was, indeed, one of the ingredients to have harmonious relationships with his family and, eventually, with his friends.

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Never underestimate
This is to never think of someone as not good, smart or skillful as they really are. The boys in the class, especially Pedro, the teachers son, laughed at Rizal admitting that he knew only little Spanish. Above was a scene during Rizals first day in Bian School. Apparently, Rizals classmates underestimated this boy who later became the best student. This shows us that we should never underestimate anyone. It is also anchored on the thought that we should not focus on ones weaknesses.

eligiosity This means that you believe in your religion strongly and obey its rules carefully. Here was my life, I heard the four oclock mass, if there was any, or I studied my lesson at that hour and I went to mass afterwards. Rizals faith in God was evident in his active participation in religious events. He dedicated his every work to Him, and prayed to Him his noble mission.

rugality Someone who is frugal is careful to buy only things that are necessary.

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I took breakfast, which consisted generally of a dish of rice and two dried small fish, and I went to class. Although Rizal came from a well-off family, he did not spend meaninglessly in things. Apparently, he was not also picky when it came to food. As long as it fed his stomach, he was alright with it.

ravery This describes actions, behaviors or attitudes that are courageous and confidently done. Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora were innocently executed on February 17, 1872 for a crime allege by Governor Rafael de Izquierdo. They bravely faced such conviction despite its invalidity. Through their own ways, they showed that their love of country surpassed their care for themselves.

ustice It is the fairness in the way people are treated. Doa Teodora and her brother, Jose Alberto, were accused of attempting to poison the latters wife. Because of such, the former was coerced to walk a distance of 50 kilometers. Justice is a value that has been disregarded during the Hispanic times. In the situation above, it was missing.

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There was no proper and valid trial, and the punishments laid to Filipinos were far harsh for their crimes committed.

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Chapter 4 Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (18721877)

Never underestimate.
This is to never think of someone as not good, smart or skillful as they really are. Rizal was first denied the admission to Ateneo Municipal because he was late for recognition and was sickly and undersized for his age. Rizals physique did not disdain his intellectual capacity and reflect his golden heart. Soon, he made Ateneo Municipal a proud school for having reared the National Hero of the Philippines.

eligiosity This means that you believe in your religion strongly and obey its rules carefully. The students heard mass in the morning before the beginning of the daily class. Classes in every subject were opened and closed with prayers. Being religious does not limit us to prayers, masses, or rituals. It should, instead, extend to keeping ones faith in God. For Rizal, he was both religious and had a strong hold onto his faith. His nobility was aided with Divine Providence.

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ove of Learning It is a strong feeling of pleasure and enjoyment in learning. To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during the noon recesses, when other Ateneo students were playing or gossiping. Rizal never stopped learning. He looked for every way to further his knowledge. He took every opportunity to improve and prepare himself for his fight against the abusive Spanish authorities.

ltruism This is the practice of thinking of the needs and desires of other people instead of your own. Rizal helped a student, Julio Merza, by getting his flown kite to the Cathedral while other students laughed at the latter. Helping is good. Helping without expecting anything in return is better, sometimes, best. Rizal, as proved by the situation above, was truly altruistic to others. In fact, in a deeper sense, he sacrificed his own life for the freedom of many.

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Chapter 5 Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

oncern This is a feeling of wanting someone to be happy, safe and healthy. Doa Teodora opposed the idea that Rizal was to pursue higher learning in the university. According to her, if Rizal would get to know more, the Spaniards would cut off his head. Considering the brutality of Spaniards during the Hispanic times, we could sense that Doa Teodora did not actually oppose the dream of her son to further his knowledge, but the fact that it could mean his life. Apparently, she wanted Rizal to live a normal life far from threats, cruelty, and pain. However, being noble as he was, Rizal chose otherwise. His mothers concern for him was truly genuine and unconditional.

bedience Doing what you are told to do is obedience. Rizal enrolled in the course on Philosophy and Letters for two reasons. One of which was that his father liked it. Rizal willingly submitted himself to the wish of his father without any grudges as an obedient son. Although in the

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succeeding events, his obedience may have seen vaguely, his utmost desire to oblige to whatever that may bring peace to his family was apparent. Obedience, being a value, should be laid with the right grounds. We do not always obey, especially if it would disagree to common good.

oyalty This is the quality of remaining faithful to other people. Although Rizal was then a Thomasian, he frequently visited the Ateneo. It was due not only to his surveying course, but more because of his loyalty to Ateneo, where he had so many beautiful memories and whose Jesuit professors, unlike the Dominicans, loved and aspired him to ascend to greater heights of knowledge. Loyalty is something that stirs up the inner sides of people something that is invisible to everyone. In the case above, Rizal proved that his records in University of Santo Tomas (UST) do not reflect his loyalty to the latter. His physical being may have loitered inside UST, but his self was entirely living peacefully in Ateneo.

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Chapter 6 In Sunny Spain (1882-1885)

ignity It is defined as the respect that other people have for you or that you have for yourself. Having been disgusted with the antiquated method of instruction in the Dominican-owned university (UST) and the racial prejudice of Dominican professors against Filipino students, Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain. He could not afford to be a victim of such system of education. This shows that he is dignified to achieve his right to have a fair and very good education. He is not a person who agrees to be a part of an education system that is obsolete and repressive.

esiliency Explicitly, this is the ability to quickly become strong, healthy or happy after a difficult situation. Rizal decided to go on board for Spain, leaving behind his beloved family and friends, including Leonor Rivera. Though his heart is filled with sadness because he will be departed from his family, friends and to Leonor Rivera, he easily coped with new situations by focusing his attention to his missions in Spain.

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illingness to Learn/Attentiveness This is the act of listening to or watching someone/something carefully because you are interested in them. Knowing that Rizal spent only number of days boarding in the Djemnah, and because of his desire to build rapport with his co-passengers, especially the French, he was able to gradually improve his knowledge of the French language by avidly listening and communicating with the French He used every chance to further his knowledge. He never spent his time idly making sure that every second passing was worthwhile.

bedience Doing what you are told to do is obedience. In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882), Paciano advised his younger brother to finish the medical course in Madrid. Evidently, heeding his advice, Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and established himself in Madrid, the capital of Spain. Rizal had always listened to his brother, Paciano, for he knew that he would never forsake him. His intellectual superiority did not hinder him from getting other peoples opinions.

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ove of Education This is a strong feeling of caring about education. Aside from his heavy studies (Medicine) in Central University of Madrid, he studied painting and sculpture, and took lessons in French, German, and English, and practiced fencing and shooting. Instead of gambling and flirting with women as many young Filipino did in the Spanish metropolis, he stayed at home and read voraciously until midnight. Rizal always spent his time meaningfully. He remained loyal to the reason for going to Spain. He believed that he had to widen his wisdom in order to fulfill his mission.

eing Strategic It is doing a plan to achieve or win something especially in a hard situation. Due to hard times in Calamba, the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were times when they never arrived, causing much suffering to him. He was broke and he was unable to eat breakfast. With an empty stomach, he attended his class at the university, participated in the contest in Greek language and won the gold medal. To have his dinner free, because he does not have money to buy such, in the evening of the same day, he was able to eat his dinner, for he was a guest speaker in a banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix R. Hidalgo at Restaurant Ingles, Madrid. In laymens term, he was madiskarte.

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alor In simple words, it is great courage. Giving salute to Luna and Hidalgo, he fearlessly delivered his speech in front of Spanish audience with a touch of compliment to Filipinos and the Philippines. Citing his some part of his speech: In speaking before you, I am not scared by the fear that you may listen to me with lukewarmness.. You know this well and you exult in it. To you is due the beauty of the diamonds that the Philippines wears in the crown. She produced the precious stones; Europe gave them polish. And all of us contemplate proudly your work; we are the flame, the breath, the material furnished. This proves that Rizal is indeed fearless, yet he still knows how to pay respect to humanity. With all his courage, he sincerely applauded his Fatherland.

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Chapter 7 Paris to Berlin (1885-1887)

ndustry This is the energy and willingness to work very hard. Rizal led a methodical and frugal life in Berlin. By day, he worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger, eminent German ophthalmologist. At night, he attended lectures in the University of Berlin. Rizal never wasted time. He, instead, used it wisely and exerted all his effort to improve himself. ourtesy It shows that you have respect for other people through displaying a polite behavior. The German woman, said Rizal to his sister, is serious, diligent, educated, and friendly. She is not gossipy, frivolous, and quarrelsome like the Spanish woman. Rizal paid great respect for German women. Corollary to this, he reminded his sister to be inspired by them. elpfulness This is the act of providing useful help in making a situation better or easier.

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At the studio of Luna, Rizal spent many happy hours. He discussed with Luna, the great master of the brush, various problems on art and improved his own painting technique. He help Luna by posing as model in several paintings. Between Rizal and Luna was a brotherhood beyond friendship. They shared to each other their knowledge and exchanged intelligent opinions. Also, they helped each other in accomplishing their endeavors.

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Chapter 8 Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin (1887)

umility This is the quality of not being too proud of yourself. Having completed his studies in Europe, young Juan Crisostomo Ibarra came back to the Philippines after a 7 years absence. In his honor, captain Tiago threw a get together party, which was attended by friars and other prominent figures. In an unfortunate incident, former curate Father Damaso belittled and slandered Ibarra. But Ibarra brushed off the insult and took no offense; he instead politely excused himself and left the party because of an allegedly important task. Ibarras humility illuminated Rizals. Although the fight between the Spanish authorities and Rizal was tough and scandalous at some point, Rizal maintained his intelligent attacks to be on the proper way and place.

Persistence
This is ones determination to do something even though it is difficult or other people oppose it. His friends, who were expected to write with him a novel professing the sickly condition of their Fatherland, were diverted into some other endeavors; hence, Rizal was left alone to start and finish it.

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Through Rizals persistence, he started writing Noli Me Tangere. He was encouraged by the continuous oppression to his people back in his homeland and inspired by his dream of alienating their condition through reflecting in a writing the brutalities of Spanish administration. Without such, Noli Me Tangere would not have been possible to appear.

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Chapter 9 Rizals Grand Tour of Europe with Viola (1887) ospitality This value illuminates the act of being friendly, welcoming and being generous to visitors. The Blumentritt Family accommodated the two, Rizal and Viola in their home. This showed that hospitality to other people is not limited to those to whom you share a common bloodline. Blumentritt, an Austrian, openheartedly accepted Rizal and Viola, Filipinos, to his home. houghtfulness This is the act of always thinking of the things you can do to make people happier and comfortable. Rizal sketched Blumentritt and gave it to him as a token of gratitude. Rizal showed his thoughtfulness by doing so. In this way, he manifested how a Filipino would show gratitude in something given to them. If only Spain learned to improve its administration over the Philippines, they could have compromised their situation then.

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oncern This is a feeling of wanting someone to be happy, safe and healthy. Rizal wrote a letter to expressed his and Violas concern for the illness of Dora, Blumentritts daughter. Rizal articulated his sincere concern for Dora as he did for his Fatherland. Frankly, his family did not experience much of Spanish brutalities. However, he insisted on helping his fellowmen for the benefit of all.

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Chapter 10 First Homecoming (1887-1888)

enerosity This is ones willingness to give his/her resources in order to help or please someone. Rizal initiated the establishment of a gymnasium to divert his town mates attention from gambling and cockfighting to exercising. His generosity extended from building a gymnasium to sacrificing his life for the liberty of his Fatherland. He was more than generous to offer his everything for his beloved countrymen. He sought knowledge in foreign lands in order to improve himself for the benefit of majority, dedicated all his writings to other people, surrendered his life for freedom. He had no hint of selfishness, just selflessness. bedience Doing what you are told to do is obedience. Rizal tried to go to Dagupan to see Leonor Rivera, but his parents absolutely forbade him to go because Leonors mother did not like him for a son-in-law. With a heavy heart, Rizal bowed to his parents wish. Obedience is a value that may not always be right. It should be based on valid and logical grounds. In this case,

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Rizal, being a man of intelligence, obliged to the advice of his parents to do something that contradicted his hearts joy. This was due to the current situation that he was facing and to the respect that he had for their culture then. mpartiality Someone who is not giving special approval or support to anyone or to any group can be called as impartial. Governor General Terrero read the Noli and found nothing wrong. He sent to the Father Rector of University of Sto. Tomas and was dissatisfied with the report for he knew that the Dominicans were prejudiced against Rizal. The situation above illuminates the Governor General impartiality on appraising Noli Me Tangere. His being a Spaniard did not hinder his logical and unbiased mind to know the truth behind false allegations. Impartiality is essential in driving towards the truth. We should not be blinded with what we only want to see. We should strive to look beyond selfishness and distorted ideals. riendliness This is the act of behaving towards someone in a way that shows you like them and are ready to talk to them or to help them. Between Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade and Rizal, a beautiful friendship bloomed. Together, the two, young, educated, and cultured, made walking tours of the verdant

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countrysides, discussed topics of common interest, and enjoyed fencing, shooting, hunting, and painting. Friendship here is proven to know no bounds. Two people, from different bloodlines, bumped into the road of understanding and brotherhood. Although it was not mentioned who befriended who, one point is clear that they both possessed acceptance of differences and a genuine heart for a lifelong connection.

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Chapter 11 In Hong Kong and Macao, 1888

S elflessness
This reflects ones care for other people more than for yourself. Rizals countrymen offered him money to leave the islands. They asked him to do so not only for his own interest but also theirs, because he had many friends and acquaintances who they would have deported with him to Balabag or the Marianas Islands. If Rizal cared for himself alone, he would not have left the Philippines where he could practice his profession and build a rich, carefree life. However, because he thought he lived not only for himself, but also for others, he halfheartedly left for Hong Kong. ove of Learning It is a strong feeling of pleasure and enjoyment in learning. During his two-week visit in Hong Kong, Rizal studied Chinese life, language, drama, and customs. He wrote down in his own diary his experiences. Indeed, even in his leisure time, Rizal spent every second meaningfully. He was not the typical tourist who strolled

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around the spot. He was an eager inquisitor who strived pretty hard to broaden his perspective through exposing himself to different realities.

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Chapter 12 Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)

cceptance This is the process of allowing someone to become part of a group or society or to contemplate on things that cannot be changed anymore. Rizal accepted the life in Japan as he studied the language and the culture of the Japanese people. To avoid further embarrassment, Rizal decided to study the Japanese language. Being born linguist, he was able to speak it within a few days. He also studied the Japanese drama (Kabuki), arts, music and judo (Japanese art of self-defense). He browsed in the museums, libraries, art galleries and shrines. He visited Meguro, Nikko, Hakone, Miyanoshita and the charming villages of Japan. To accept is defined by Mr. Webster as to consider circumstances, especially those that cannot be changed, as satisfactory. Rizal, being a man of flexibility, learned to accept the situation he fell into when he went to Japan. He did not give up by leaving Japan due to his ignorance of its language. Instead, his acceptance was followed by his determination to learn it.

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Patriotism
A person who is patriotic is someone who has a great love of his/her country. To his amazement, Rizal found out that the musicians who played so well in the park were speaking in Tagalog. He approached the Filipino musicians and asked them, Paisano, taga saan po kayo? The Filipino band, famed for their skill in playing good music, did not forget to honor their country by speaking its language in their conversations. Their knowledge of foreign elements and worldwide success were not reasons for them to speak a foreign tongue. In their own way, they showed great love for their Fatherland.

Politeness
This is the act of behaving or speaking that is correct for the social situation you are in and showing that you are careful to consider others needs and feelings. As Seiko-san approached, Rizal took off his hat and politely introduced himself. Rizal was polite enough to know Seiko-san in a manly way. Pursuing the kind of courtesy that he learned from Germany, he gracefully introduced himself to the girl who had caught his attention in Japan. Politeness, however, is not restricted to gestures. It could also be seen in words. In the

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Philippine context, we manifest it through saying po and opo and through kissing the elders hands. elpfulness This is the act of providing useful help in making a situation better or easier. O-Sei-San helped Rizal in many ways. More than a sweetheart, she was his guide, interpreter, and tutor. She guided him in observing the shrines and villages around Tokyo. She improved his knowledge of Japanese language and history. She interpreted for him Kabuki plays and the quaint customs and mores of the Japanese people. Although a romantic relationship bloomed between Rizal and O-Sei-San, the value of helping each other as friends was not obstructed. Theirs was a relationship bounded by acceptance and helpfulness. Rizal helped her realize the meaning of love and affection while she helped him cope with their culture and customs in Japan.

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Chapter 13 Rizals Visit to the United States (1888)

uriosity This is defined as the desire to learn about or know something. Rizal found out that there is this cholera epidemic and desired to discover the truth behind this fake epidemic. His curiosity led him to furthering his knowledge. Being inquisitive about things pave way for discovering new ideas, for broadening our learning, for surviving.

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Chapter 14 Rizal in London (1888-1889)

ltruism This is the practice of thinking of the needs and desires of other people instead of your own. There must be a great deal of integrity and much good will. No member should expect rewards or honors for what he does. Rizal stressed that good deeds are done for the benefit of a selfless goal. If one wished to achieve personal objectives, then there is less integrity and honor anchored in their endeavors. Being altruistic was more than helping. It was giving all without expecting anything in return.

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Chapter 15 Rizals Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889

ndustry This is the energy and willingness to work very hard. Although life in Paris was gay, with sparkling merriment and joyous social parties, Rizal continued to be busy in his serious pursuits. Hours were too precious for him to waste. He spent them frugally and fruitfully. He was never idle for a moment. He was industrious in achieving his goals. His determination was fired with industry in keeping focused on his mission and not be diverted by temptations. In order to fulfill our goals, we must embody some industry. Hardship gives one of the keys to success. Gone are the days when Juan Dela Cruz was pictured lying under a guave tree, waiting for the fruit to fall. Today, the modernized Juan Dela Cruz is seen on top of the tree, harvesting each fruit.

eadership It embodies the quality of being good at leading a team or any group. On March 19, 1889, Rizal organized the Kidlat Club. On the same occasion, he established Indios Bravos. On the same place, he founded R.D.L.M.

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Rizal was enthusiastic in creating a condition where his fellowmen could feel freedom and determination to achieve some common good. His being a leader marked his battles against Spanish tyrannies. Today, being a leader is the underlying pin of success in various endeavors.

ope This is the feeling or belief that something you want is likely to happen. In Rizals The Philippines Within a Century, he narrated that if the Philippines secure their independence after heroic and stubborn conflict, they can rest assured that neither England nor Germany, nor France, and still less Holland will dare to take up what Spain has been unable to hold. This reflected Rizals hope for his country that someday, if Spain would not improve its administration in her colony, she would lose Philippines. Also, he had hopes that if the rage of Filipinos would be awaken by brutalities, they could free themselves from tyranny and eventually would not be able to be conquered again by any foreign land.

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Chapter 16 In Belgian Brussels (1890)

rugality Someone who is frugal is careful to buy only things that are necessary. In Brussels, Jose Alejandro and Rizal took their meals in a house and Rizal, on one occasion, suggested that they cook pancit. However, due to miscalculations, they spent a two-day budget for such. As a consequence, they were compelled to eat pancit for two days. Despite Rizals financial convenience back in Calamba, he had always chosen to spend his money wisely. Instead of living an ideal bachelors life in Brussels, he learned to take the path of frugality. He was not extravagant. He devoted his resources to meaningful endeavors. Truly, he was not an ordinary man.

ighteousness It is an attribute that implies that a person's actions are justified, and can have the connotation that the person has been "judged" or "reckoned" as leading a life that is pleasing to God. In the article, Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala, he laid down the rules of the new Tagalog orthography

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and, with modesty and sincerity, he gave the credit for the adoption of this new orthography to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera. This is quite a strong word something that suits Rizal and his modesty. He gave what was due to Dr. Pardo de Tavera. Unlike others, he did not crave for honor and acknowledgment. This also showed that he was not after any selfish gain at all; rather, he was determined to proliferate such knowledge to other people.

dealism It is the theory that an object of external perception, in itself or as perceived, consists of ideas. Rizal wrote to M.H. del Pilar on May 28, 1890 to remind the Filipinos in Madrid that they did not come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their Fatherlands freedom. Yes, Rizal was such an idealist. Throughout his life, he never, not for a second, forgot the reason why he was sojourning around the world. He persuaded his compatriots to do the same to work for their Fatherlands freedom, a noble and ideal mission to fulfill.

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Chapter 17 Misfortunes in Madrid (1890-1891)

cceptance This is the process of allowing someone to become part of a group or society or to contemplate on things that cannot be changed anymore. Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing her coming marriage to an Englishman and asking for forgiveness. This letter was a great blow to him. He was stunned, his eyes dimmed with tears and his heart broke. Rizal had to accept that Leonora was no longer in love with him and he's marrying someone else. And so, he did. He diverted his attention back to his noble plans and, again, set aside himself his feelings, his pain, his life, for the joy of his countrymen. Acceptance is a value that should be crucially thought about. If it is made against false grounds, like accepting your fate causing to settle for mediocrity, then one should think twice.

riendship This is the bond brought about by people behaving towards someone in a way that shows they like him/her.

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Fortunately, Antonio Luna, when he became sober, realized that he had made a fool of himself during his drunken state. He apologized for his bad remarks about the Nelly Boustead. Rizal immediately accepted his apology and the two became good friends again. Friendship bridges gaps between people. It unites division and stitches patches on misunderstandings. Apparently, between Rizal and Luna, a genuine friendship was born, stronger even, after their aborted duel. Rizal tried to understand the circumstances which put Luna to such an illogical state. To reciprocate his broadmindedness, he paid the right apology. orgiving This is the act of understanding how things happen so one can easily forgive them. On the same situation, another value could be extracted forgiving. Keeping ones pride in the wrong place definitely results into nothing but continued misunderstanding and gaps. Humility is somehow anchored with the value of forgiving. We leave no strain of grudge in our hearts in order to live a peaceful life. With this, Rizal willingly accepted Lunas apology. allantry It is a polite attention given to women by men. But when the honor of his people, family, women or friends was besmirched, he never hesitated to fight even if he were risking his own life.

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Rizal lived his life in the name of his family, his loved ones, his country. He was willing to sacrifice his own for the safety and purity of his people. All that he had done was dedicated to them. He showed true gallantry in fighting Spanish brutalities and defending his loved ones from cruel attacks.

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Chapter 18 Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)

riendliness This is the act of behaving towards someone in a way that shows you like them and are ready to talk to them or to help them. As a family guest, he was treated with friendliness and hospitality by Mrs. Boustead, Adelina, Nellie, and Aunt Isabel (Mrs. Bousteads sister). It is obvious that Rizal shows agreeableness. He possesses a tendency to be pleasant and accommodating. As we all observed, wherever Rizal go he has a friends who pleasantly accept and accommodate him.

enevolence This is the quality of being kind or generous. Rizal retired from the Propaganda Movement, or reform crusade. He desired to publish his second novel, to practice his medical profession, and later, when he became financially independent, he expected to make a more vigorous campaign for his countrys redemption.

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Rizal always considers first the goodness of the others than himself. He always sacrifices his own happiness and safety just to make sure that all of his friends and family and also his fellowmen are always in good. He always makes his disposition to be good.

ravery/courage This is a courageous spirit of conduct. If by chance happens to me, I leave its publication to Antonio Luna, including its correction. Rizal possesses a spirit that enables him to face anger of pain without showing fear, even if he knows that he will die or many people will against him, he still continued the publication of El Filibusterismo without shoeing fear, he fought for the rights of the Filipino people against Spanish tyrants.

etermination Dictionary defines this as having or showing a strong desire to do something even if it is difficult. In case I do not receive money, will you ask them to send me money for the printing of my book? If not, I will be leaving this place and be with you. Even though there are lots of people who are opposing the works of Rizal, he still stand firm to publish them because he has a purpose which is to broadcast the Spanish tyrants and he has a determination to stand firm for his purpose.

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evotion It is the strong feeling of love that you show by paying a lot of attention to someone or something. Nelly Boustead, being a good Protestant, wanted Rizal to espouse Protestantism before their marriage. Rizal, being a man of firm conviction, refused. He remained loyal to the Catholic religion, the faith of his clan. Rizal really love Nelly Boustead but despite this feelings, Rizal didnt espouse to Protestantism, he refused it because Rizal still prioritize his own Catholic religion. He has a great love or loyalty in his clan.

iligence This is the quality of working hard and carefully. In Brussels, Rizal worked day after day revising the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo and readied it for printing. Rizal has a quality of the degree of care required in a given situation. He has perseverance and determination to perform a task.

E mpathy
It is the ability to understand other peoples problems and feelings.

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I am extremely surprised at your letter, telling me about resentments, disagreements, and reconciliations, etc. I believe it is useless to talk about what does not exist. Rizal really emphatize other people, he always consider and understand anothers situation, feelings, and motives.

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Chapter 19 El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent (1891)

etermination/Persistence Dictionary defines this as having or showing a strong desire to do something even if it is difficult. Day in and day out, Rizal was busy revising and polishing the manuscript of El Filibusterismo so that it could be ready for the press. This shows that Rizal really wants to finish his book to have it dedicated to his fatherland, to his countrymen especially to the Gomburza priests. He did not waste anytime, but gave his precious time to finish his second novel. Without his persistence, probably he would not finish this novel. riendship This is the bond brought about by people behaving towards someone in a way that shows they like him/her. Valentin Ventura loaned Rizal the needed funds to print El Filibusterismo. The same thing had happened to Rizal when he had finished the El Fili, no funds to have the novel be printed. Because he was a good to his friends, his friends were also good to him, just like Maximo Viola who became the savior Of Noli. And now, here comes another friend who saved Rizal to have the successful publication of his novel El Fili, Valentin

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Ventura. Without the help of Ventura, El Fili would not be published and recognized. ratitude It is the feeling of being thankful. On the same situation as above, gratitude is another that must be given due attention. Since Ventura helped Rizal in publishing the El Fili by lending him the funds needed, Rizal knew how to gratefully recognize the good deed of Ventura by giving him the original copy of the novel with an autographed printed copy. Not all people know how to pay back the good deed that was done to them, but Rizal proved that Filipinos are known to pay a good deed by doing another good deed.

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Chapter 20 Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong (1891-92)

E loquence
This is being able to express ones ideas or opinions well especially in a way that influences people. Rizal, who was fluent in German, understood what the talkative German ladies were saying about him Rizal is powerful and effective communicator. He is fluent, persuasive and articulate in terms of speech. He knows different language that is why he can communicate and understandable wherever he goes.

E mpathy
It is the ability to understand other peoples problems and feelings. A man ought to die for duty and his principles. I hold fast to every idea which I have advanced as to the condition and future of our country, and shall willingly die for it. Rizal really emphatize other people, he always consider and understand anothers situation, feelings, and motives.

ratitude It is the feeling of being thankful.

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Whatever my fate I shall die blessing it and longing for the dawn of its redemption. Rizal is always thankful for whatever he may receive or experienced, neither positive nor negative. He accepts everything, whatever consequences he may receive; he is still willing to accept it.

ope This is the feeling or belief that something you want is likely to happen. Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila. This decision was spurred by the following: (1) to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Bormeo colonization project. Rizal never loose hope he has always a desire to fulfill whatever task he wants to achieve.

dealism It is the theory that an object of external perception, in itself or as perceived, consists of ideas. Rizal and his sister Lucia, left Hong Kong for Manila. He is a high mindedness; elevated ideals and conduct; and has a quality of believing that his ideals should be pursued.

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Chapter 21 Second Homecoming and The Liga Filipina

ill-Power It is someones strong desire to do or achieve something. He firmly believed that the fight of Filipino liberties had assumed a new phase; it must be fought in the Philippines not in Spain. This was an admirable virtue considering that Spaniards had adopted a policy of implanting inferiority complex on the Filipinos the better govern them. Rizal did not accept the belief that this people were irredeemable.

houghtfulness This is the act of always thinking of the things you can do to make people happier and comfortable. Rizal visited her friends in Central Luzon. These friends were good patriots, who were his supporters in the reform crusade, and he took the opportunity to great them personally and discussed the problems affecting their people. He was selfless and caring about the safety of his countrymen before himself. He always regarded others as important individuals and had valued them as if his own blood.

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emperance It is ones sensible control of the things that he/she says or does. Rizal vigorously denied having leaflets entitled Pobres Frailes in either his or Lucias baggage. Despite of denial and insistent demand for investigation, he was placed under arrest and escorted in Fort Santiago. Rizal remained and kept silent. He could not write nor speak any one except the officer on duty.

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Chapter 22 Exile in Dapitan, 1892-96

harity This is ones kindness or sympathy that he/she shows to other people. Upon his return in Calamba in August 1887, he made physical exercise popular, treated many patients and performed operations on several others. The medical services were done even if the patient could not afford to pay them. He kept busy on similar enterprises during his exile in Dapitan, constructing little hospitals and giving medicine for free. This reveals how big-hearted Rizal really was. He did not mind as regards the money that he spent, what matters to him was the life of his fellow Filipino people.

N obility
It is the quality of being morally good or generous in a way that should be admired. When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he decided to improve it, to the best of his God-given talent, and to awaken the civic consciousness of its people. Aside from constructing the towns first water system and drained the marshes to get rid of malaria. He also equipped and beautified the town with its lightning system.

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He deeply loved this place and he did everything just to serve the people by using his God-given talents. ove/Faith in God This exemplifies ones belief and trust in God. Although Rizal did not subscribe to Pastells religious interpretation of Catholic dogmas, he continued to be Catholic. He continued to hear Mass at Catholic Church of Dapitan and celebrate Christmas and other religious fiestas in the Catholic way. Rizal may have unorthodox views on the Catholic religion, but his love for God is an unquestionable thing for him. He trusts God with all his heart.

emperance It is ones sensible control of the things that he/she says or does. During the early days of November 1893, his blissful life was then suddenly jolted by a strange incident involving a spy of the friars. This spy with the assumed name of Pablo Mercado and posing as a relative visited Rizal at his house secretly. Rizal, being a man of prudence and keen perception became suspicious. Annoyed by impostors lies he wanted to throw him out of the house, but mindful of his duty as a host and considering the late hour of the night and the heavy rainfall, he hospitably invited the visitor to stay at his house for the night.

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Despite the strong doubtful emotion of Rizal, he remained relax and rather became hospitable to accept the spy.

umility This is the quality of not being too proud of yourself. Almost daily they carried theological arguments in a friendly manner. But all the efforts of Sanchez were in vain. For once, his former beloved teacher could not convince Rizal. Rizal still esteemed Father Sanchez despite his tough views on Catholic religion.

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Chapter 23 Last Trip in Abroad

Satisfaction
This is a feeling of happiness or pleasure for having achieved something that you want. No longer an exile, Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, with delightful stopovers in Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Romblon. Satisfaction is something that many people lack. They say that people dont stop to go after their wants, more than after their needs. For Rizal, in a shallow sense, it was something that he felt despite the heaviness in his heart. This should put end to ones unending pursuance to limitless ambitions like wealth, power, fame.

oncern This is a feeling of wanting someone to be happy, safe and healthy. Take good care of yourself and take care of my old father so that we shall see each other again. Many regards for my brother, sisters, nephews and nieces, aunts, etc I leave contented, confident that as long as you are alive the family will

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remain united and old intimacy will reign in it. You two are that unites all of us. Rizal never had forgotten his love for his family. Although he was too focused on the benefit of his countrymen, he did not cease caring for his family. Indeed, he was a family-oriented man, a man of honor and love for his roots. rust It is a strong belief of honesty and goodness. Shocked by the alarming news, Rizal belatedly realized that he was duped by the unscrupulous Spanish officials, particularly the sly Governor General Blanco. With an agonizing heart, he immediately wrote a letter to his best friend, Blumentritt, unburdening his disgust and bitterness. To Blumentritt, Rizal gave wholeheartedly his trust. He was his confidant. Through him, Rizal was able to spit out the burdens of his heart, unloading it so he may continue to pursue him noble mission.

ustice This is the quality of being right and reasonable. I cannot believe for it would be the greatest injustice and the most abominable infamy, unworthy not of a military official but of the last bandit. I have offered to serve as a physician, risking life

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in the hazards of war and abandoning all my business. I am innocent and now in reward they are sending me to prison! The situation above clearly manifested injustice. In life, this is not supposed to dominate. Although it is gradually being alleviated today due to passed laws and tighter teeth of the Judicial Power, it is still evident in many situations especially in the context of the least, the last, and the lost in our community. Rizal had experienced injustice, the exact opposite of his ideals. Such only aggravated his desire to free his Fatherland.

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Chapter 24 Last Homecoming and Trial

ove & Courage Love is a strong feeling of care. Courage is the quality of being brave. He knew he was facing the supreme test, which might mean the sacrifice of his life, but he was unafraid. As a matter of fact, he welcomed it. Gladly, he desired to meet his enemies and to offer himself as a sacrificial victim to their sadistic list and unholy designs for he knew that his blood would water the seeds of Filipino freedom. Rizal showed his love and courage when he knew the test that he was about to face, and that he was about to sacrifice his life for his fatherland.

ravery This is courageous spirit of conduct. I believe that what God is doing to me is a blessing, allowing me to go back to the Philippines in order to be able to destroy such accusations. Because, either they do me justice and recognize my innocence and then I will be rehabilitated or they sentence me to death and thereby, before the eyes of society, I atone for my supposed crime.

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Rizal showed his bravery when he willingly wanted to give his countrymen the justice that they deserve.

rust Trust is a strong belief of happiness and goodness. I believe that what is happening is the best that can happen to me. Always let Gods will be done! I feel more calm with regard to my futureI feel that peace has descended upon me, thank God! Thou art my hope and my consolation! Let your Will be done; I am ready to obey it. Either I will be condemned or absolved. Im happy and ready. Rizal put his trust and faith in God when he took heart in overcoming the world of accusations.

onesty This is the quality of being what you appear to be so that you say what you think and show what you feel. As the accused, Rizal raised no objection on the jurisdiction of the court, but pleaded not guilty to the crime of rebellion. He admitted that he wrote the Constitution of the Liga Filipina which was merely civic association. Rizal showed his honesty when he admitted that he wrote the Constitution of the Liga Filipina which was merely a civic association.

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S elflessness
This reflects ones care for other people more than for yourself. On December 15, Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means of education and industry. Rizal showed his selflessness when he wrote a manifesto to stop the shedding of blood and to achieve freedom through education and industry.

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Chapter 25 Martyrdom at Bagumbayan

cceptance This is the process of allowing someone to become part of a group or society or to contemplate on things that cannot be changed anymore. As a Christian and a hero-martyr, he was serenely resigned to die for his beloved country, which he called Pearl of the Orient Sea in his last poem and Pearl of the Orient in an article entitled Unfortunate Philippines published in The Hongkong Telegraph on September 24, 1892. Rizal knew that he would be sentenced to death, and that it would be a sacrifice for his beloved country.

ove & Appreciation Love is a strong feeling of care. Appreciation is a pleasure one feels when he/she realizes that something is good, useful or well done. At 4:00 P.M., Rizals mother arrived. Rizal knelt down before her and kissed her hands, begging her to forgive him. Both mother and son were crying as the guards separate them.

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Rizal showed his love and appreciation to his family when heknelt down before her mother and kissed her hands to express his love, respect and appreciation for her.

pen-Mindedness & Humility The first is the quality of considering and accepting other peoples ideas or opinions. The latter is the quality of not being too proud of yourself. At 8:00 P.M., Rizal had his last supper. He informed Captain Dominguez who was with him that he forgave his enemies, including the military judges who condemned him to death. Rizal was open-minded and humble when he told Captain Dominguez that he had forgiven his enemies who condemned him to death.

ear in God This talks about leading a good life and following the rules of ones religion. At 3:00 oclock in the morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal heard Mass, confessed his sins, and took Holy Communion. Rizal put his trust to only God and asked for Gods forgiveness of his sins.

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umility This is the quality of not being too proud of you. Task you for forgiveness for the pain I cause you, but some day I shall have to die and it is better that I die now in the plenitude of my conscience. Rizal showed his humility when he wrote a letter to his family that expresses his apology.

onesty This is the quality of being what you appear to be so that you say what you think and show what you feel. I assure you, brother, that I die innocent of this crime of rebellion. If my former writings have contributed, I do not deny it absolutely; but then I thought I have expiated for the past with my deportation. Rizal did not deny anything about the writings that he did and that he was innocent of the crime of rebellion.

ourage This is a brave spirit of conduct. A Spanish military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, asked his permission to feel his pulse, which request was graciously granted. Dr. Castillo was amazed to find it normal, showing that Rizal was not afraid to die.

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Rizal showed that he was not afraid to die.

ove & Faith These two values are intertwined as they go together. Love is a feeling of affection while faith is an intense emotion of trust. The death ruffles of the drums filled the air. Above the drum-beats, the sharp command Fire was heard, and the guns of the firing squad barked. Rizal, with supreme effort, turned his bullet-riddled body to the right, and fell on the ground dead with face upward facing the morning sun. It was exactly 7:03 in the morning when he died in the bloom of manhood aged 35 years, five months, and 11 days. Rizal courageously took heart in facing his death with love, faith, and acceptance.

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References

Zaide, G. and Zaide, S. (2011). Jose Rizal: Life, works, and writings of a genius, writer, scientist and national hero. All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc.: Quezon City, Philippines (1993) Websters 3rd New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. MerriamWebster Inc., Publishers: Massachusetts, USA

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