Standing Waves

By
Prince Ahmad Ganai
Prince_ganai@yahoo.co.uk

Department of Physics
National Institute of Technology
Srinagar

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y = A sin( wt − kx +ϕ)
φ = wt − kx
y ( x + nλ, t ) = y ( x, t )
y ( x, t + mT ) = y ( x, t )
V p (max) = wA
v = fixed = w / k
∂2 y 1 ∂2 y
= 2
∂x 2
v ∂t 2

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Interference of Sound Waves

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Beats

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Standing Waves

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Characteristics Of Standing Waves

 Amp is different for particles between two

consecutive nodes
 Same phase between two nodes
 Energy is not transmitted from particle to
particle.
 Quantization of frequency.

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Vibrating String

 The fundamental vibrational mode of a

stretched string is such that the wavelength
is twice the length of the string.

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Harmonics
Vibrating String

 The string will also

vibrate at all
harmonics of the
fundamental. Each of
these harmonics will
form a standing wave
on the string

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Resonance
 It is easy to get an object to vibrate at its resonant
frequencies, hard to get it to vibrate at other frequencies.
 A vibrating object will pick out its resonant frequencies
from a complex excitation and vibrate at those frequencies,
essentially "filtering out" other frequencies present in the
excitation.
 Most vibrating objects have multiple resonant frequencies.
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Electromagnetic Standing Waves

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Standing Matter Waves
 Concept of Stationary orbits.
 Electron Standing Wave around the nucleus
 Angular Momentum Quantisation
 Three dimensional orbital theory
 Fundamental Postulate of QM is
Superposition of Wavefunction.

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2πr = nλ
l = mvr
l = mvnλ / 2π
l = npλ / 2π
l = nh / 2π
l = n

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What about String Theory
 Cosmic resonance.
 Everything is multi-dimensional
standing wave.
 Something Called Super String

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Thank You