What Experience Teaches

David Lewis

(vegemite), ,
.
(what that experience is like) ,
. . ,
(
) ()
.
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
(sight-read)
. ,
.
, .
, ,
.

. ?

(1) literalist way: know what its like
know what it resembles
.

 . ) ,
marmite , .
.
.
, . )
, ,
.
(2) :
know what experiences one has .

. , ,
. )
, ! ,
.1
, ,

.
(3) first-person perspective way: ,
.
. ,
.
* (egocentric knowledge or knowledge de se):

, ,
.
.
.
. ,
.
(Question) ?
,
1

P. 81 .

 ?
(Answer) ! ,
.
1)
. ,
.
- 1) : Mary has seen green
.
- : ! ,
.
2) ,
. ) ,
, .
,
, - .
, -
, .
,
.
3) .
, 50 50
. 50 .

,
.
(4) 2 3 2
X Y X ,
, the Y . X Y
, X Y
. X X Y
.
<
> .
2

(p.83).
3

 .
: ?
: ! ,
. 1)
, 24
,
.
. 2)
. ,
, .

.
The Hypothesis of Phenomenal Information
(HPI)
: ,
.

,
. ,
. .
(Question) subject matter (
? , )?
(Answer 1) ,
.
() HPI , subject matter
, HPI ,
. HPI ,
, , HPI
.
(Answer 2) raw feel, feeling, way it feels,
.

() Answer 1 .
subject matter , ,
subject matter .
(Answer 3) intrinsic character of experience
. , .
.
() .
. , ,
.
, ( ) .
. ,
. ,
,
.
(Answer 4) qualia . 1) inverted qualia
: ,
. 2)
absent qualia: ,
organization , .
1) 2)
subject matter .
() ,
- .
, (occupants)(qua) , -
. , subject matter
.
(Answer 5) phenomenal aspect.
via negativa3 . ,
, . ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
3

.
5

 ,
.
The Knowledge Argument
-
.
(1)
* Minimal materialism- : !
() simpliciter .
,
. (
), .
*
(- )
, .
( ) ,
( ).
() .
(2)
*
.
,
.
.
* - : class ,
, . ,
.
* relevant class : What delineates the relevant class?
- .

 spooky, .
unit class( ) .
,
.)
* : division recombination
(nonalien) ,
.
*
,
.
1) alien :
. , .
,
.
2) (alien) , X : X
, .
negative : ,
X . ,
: .
, ,
.
, ,
, .
,
. ,
. ?
. Jean-Paul Pierre4 caf
. ,
?

. .
. ,
,
4

Jean-Paul Sartre Pierre Bourdieu?

 ,

.

, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
information as distinctive trace. ,
.
, .
.
. .
.
,
. (
.)
information as text. ,
. .
. language of thought
,
. ,

, .
.
,
.

 .
, ,
.
Ersatz possibility.
, .
, Fred is married Fred is a bachelor
, Fred is married Fred is not married
.
. ,
, , .
.
, ,
. F
, G
, F G
, .
,
. , ( )
. F G ,
. married bachelors
.

-
(1) : .
- ,
, material
bodies astral bodies, electromagnetic field
psionic field, protoplasm ectoplasm
.
.
() parapsychology .
.
. ,

 aura
. lesson
, .
, ,
.
. .
(2) .
- ,
?
. ,
.
? ?
. beforehand
. , afterward
.
(3) .

.5
- , .
.
, ,
. , .
. ,
.
? .
From Phenomenal to Epiphenomenal
* 1
- ,
. , , .
5

Lewis From Phenomenal to Epiphenomenal

. ,
. ,
, ,
.

10

 , 4
.
.
! () Jackson
.
* 2
- ,
.
- , V1 V2
. P1 P2
. V P
. :

K1: if V1 then P1, if V2 then P2
K2: if V1 then P2, if V2 then P1

K3: if V1 then P1, if V2 then P1
K4: if V1 then P2, if V2 then P2

:
K1V1P1 K3V1P1 K3V2P1 K2V2P1
K2V1P2 K4V1P2 K4V2P2 K1V2P2
P1 P2 .
V1 V2 .
.
, , efficacy .
, . , K1 K2 .
, : , V1 V2 .
P1 .
: K1V1P1 K2V2P1.
. P1, . .

11

 . , K1V1P1
K2V2P1 .
. , . ,
.
.
) , .
, P1. K1 V1
, K2 V2 . . K2V2
K1V1 , .

. .
.
The Ability Hypothesis
* : ,
, , remember imagine,
. ) ,
, ,
. ,
.
- , .
, .
* knowing what an experience is like under a description:

. ,
. ) ,
, ,
.
(Question)

?
?
(Answer) . , ,

12


, .
,
.
- ,
. ) .
* : ,
, .
. knowing-that knowing-how.
. ,
. Knowledge-that know-how .6
* know-how
- :
. ) , . . )
(know how).
. ) .
* ,
?
(Answer 1) know
- knowing-how knowing-that
.
() . know .
. acquaintance .
(Answer 2)
- , , , ,
.

,
.
13

() .
, . .

.
(Answer 3) ,
,
, .
.
.
, . subject matter
.
.
, , , .

14