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9
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10
&JabmfcifnKd.TpmtkyfrSmvnf; pHerlem,lzG,f acgif;aqmif wOD;. txKy`wWdtjzpf wifjya&;om;jcif; r[kwfa=umif; olukd,fwkdif azmfjyxm;ygonf? ol@.awmfvSefa&;b0c&D;ukd kd;om;pGm rSwfwrf;wif xm;jcif;om jzpfygonf? okd@&mwGif ol. awmfvSefa&;tawG@t}uKH/ ppfa&;tawG@t}uKHwkd@onf pdwfyg0ifpm; avhvmvkdolrsm;twGuf tusKd; &Sdapvdrfhrnf [k ESif;qDvGifjyifu xifjrif,lqrdygonf? r+yD;qkH;ao;onfh ArmjynfawmfvSefa&;c&D;&Snf}uD;wGif ,cktcsdefY tvGefaysmhaysmif;EknhH vSaom wkdufyGJykHomefjzifh qifE$Jae&onfrSefaomfvnf; aemifwGif Armjynfolrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;tzkHzkHaom wkdufyGJomefrsm;xJrS vufawG@ tajctaeu jymef;ay;onfh tjcm;wkdufyGJomefwrsKd;rsKd;ukd ajymif;vJ a&G;cs,f,l=u&rnfhtvm;tvm;vnf; &Sdaeygao;onf? awmfvSefa&; onf worwfwnf; {nfhonfukd c&D;OD;}uKd jyKae&ovkd/ yef;oDaeovkd nifnifomom odrfodrfarG@arG@vkyfae&vdrfhrnf r[kwfyg? &JabmfcifnKd. b0rSwfwrf;rSmygovkd &efolESifh olaoukd,f&Sif wkduf&onfh wkdufyGJrsKd;onf t&ifu&SdcJhovkd aemifvnf; ray:ayguf[k rnfolr# rajymEkdifaom tajc taerSm &Sdaeygonf? ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd z,f&Sm;zkd@ u|efawmfwkd@onf &Snfa0;aom c&D;ukd av#uf=u&OD;rnfjzpfygonf? awmfvSefa&;c&D;ukd av#mufvSrf;ae=uolrsm;twGuf Tpmtkyfu a&wr_wf/ qefwqkyf uav;r#yifjzpfap taxmuftuljyKay;Ekdifonfqkdv#if u|efawmfwkd@ xkwfa0&usKd;eyfyg+yD? &JabmfcifnKd. TpmtkyfwGif awmfvSefa&;ESifh ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf; ta=umif; ajcmufypfuif;oJvJpif tm;vkH;aumif;onf[lI a&;xm; jcif;r[kwfyg? ygwD/awmf vSefa&;ESifh jynfolrsm;. }uD;jrwfr_ukd OD;nGwf&if; u oifcef;pm,lp&m[k olxifjrifonfh wcsKd@aom c|wf,Gif;csufrsm; ta=umif;ukdvnf; a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygao;onf? pmzwfolrsm; cHpm; em;vnfEkdifvdrfhrnf[k ar#mfvifh,kH=unfrdygonf?
ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay (2006) 11
1? u|ef a wmf . b0'k d i f , m&D p mtk y f o nf u|ef a wmf w OD ; wa,mufwnf;.tpGrf;a=umifh[k qkd&rnfxuf &Jabmfrsm;. bufpkH yHhykd;ulnDr_a=umifh jzpfwnfvm&aompmtkyf[k qkd&ygrnf? 2? vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;umvwGif u|efawmfyg0ifjzwf oef;cJh&aom tawG@t}uKHwcsKd@ukd b0rSwfwrf;tjzpfESifh usef&pf&ef &nf &G,fa&;om;cJh jcif;om jzpfonf? 3? vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;umvwGif u|efawmfonf atmuf ajctqifhrS yg0ifcJh&jcif;om jzpfygonf? ,if;tjyif tcsdefumv trsm; pkwGif u|efawmfonf ajymufusm;a'orsm;Yom v_yf&Sm;aexkdif cJh&ygonf? 4? u|efawmf. ajymufusm;a'otawG@t}uKHwkd@onf tpkd;& tqufqufrS ppfwyfrsKd;pkHwkd@. 0kdif;0ef;acsr_ef; wkdufckdufjcif; ab;tEW&m,f rS vGwfatmif ajy;cJh&aom tawG@t}uKHyif jzpfygonf? wenf;tm;jzifh ypf ajy;-ajy;ypftawG@ t}uKH[k qkd&ygrnf? 5? TtawG@t}uKHrsm;onf vufeufukdif awmfvSefa&; orm; wkdif; }uKH&avh&Sdaom omreftawG@t}uKHvnf; jzpfygonf? Tonfukd pmwapmifaywzGJ@tjzpfESifh a&;om;xkwfa0&efrSm u|efawmfhpdwfxJwGif r0Hhr&J jzpfcJhrdyg onf? 6? ajymuf u sm;a'orsm;wG i f tcsd e f u mvra&G ; ae@nrvyf v_yf&Sm;ae=u&onf? &Jabmfrsm;.ukd,fay:Y aoewfusnfqefrsm;ESifh pm;p&m qefqDqm; &duQmrsm;ukd ausmay:wGif toifhxrf;ykd;xm;=u&
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12
49-awmfvSefa&;rsKd;qufwOD; . b0'kdif,m&D
pma&;ol (&JabmfcifnKd) 1996

ygonf? ,if;a=umifh avhvmqnf;yl;&ef pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;ukd ronfykd; Ekdif=uyg? &? ajymufusm;a'orsm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh ae@pOf rSwfpkrSwf wrf;rsm; a&;om;&efrSm tajctaeu cGifhrjyKyg? xkdokd@ rSwfwrf;rSwfpkrsm; a&;om;rnfqkdygv#ifvnf; rawmfwq &efol@vufxJ usa&mufoGm;cJh ygv#if a'ocHvlxka&m tzGJ@tpnf;ESifhwyfukdyg }uD;pGmaomab;tEW&m,f rsm;ESifh &iffqkdif}uKHawG@=u&ygvdrfhrnf? 8? rdrd.tawG@t}uKHrsm; a&;om;a&;twGufqkdv#if u|efawmfrSm
13
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14
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49-awmf v S e f a &;rsKd ; quf w OD ; . b0'k d i f , m&D
(1) 1949? vuf e uf u d d k i f awmf v S e f a &;orm;b0?
ed ' gef ;
15
&JabmfcifnKd

bkef;awmf}uD;pmoifwdkufY Ak'<pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk qnf;yl;oif,laeol jzpfonf? u|efawmfurl ausmiff;csif;uyfaeonfh rif;acsmif; tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynm oif=um;&onf? Tausmif;Yyif owWrwef;ta&mufwGif u|efawmfonf twef;wif pmar;yGJ rajzqkdcJh&ao;rD ausmif;&uf&Snfydwfxm;onfhtcsdefwckY rdbrsm;xH jyefcJh onf? (ausmif; &uf&Snfydwfxm;&jcif;ta=umif; atmufwGif azmfjyxm;onf) rdbrsm;onff awmif,mv,fvkyf "m;rckwfb0jzifh vkyfudkif pm;aomuf=u& onfh omrefqif;&Jom;rsm;yif jzpf.? jrif;+cHcdkif awmifomr@e,f taemufbuff&Sd qifwJ0acsmif;ab; xef;yifuefqdkonfh aus;&GmrSm aexdkifcJh=uonff? uefa&aomuf jrufajcmufpm; yljyiff;ajcmufaoG@onfht&yf/ xdkt&yf xdka'owGif vltrsm;pkonff rD;aoG;yrm rnf; ajcmufaeavonf? ta0;rS =unfhv#if oGm;rsm;uddk OD;pGmjriff=u&aom t&yfa'o jzpfonff? 1949 ckESpfumvY Armjynf. jynfwGif;ppft&Sdefonf tjrifhqHk;umv[k qdk&ayrnf? ArmjynfwjynfvHk; ae&ma'o tESH@tjym;wGif vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; wyfzGJ@rsKd;pHk v_yf&Sm;wdkufcdkufae=uonf? wrkd;vkH; azsmufqdyfqkdonfhyrm ae&mwum wkdufyGJrsm; jzpfae+yD; aoewfoHrsm;nHrpJ [k qdk&acsrnf? qDDrD;uef/ 0Javmife,ffbufawGYvnf; ArmjynffuGefjrLepfygwD. wyfzGJ@rsm; a&muf&Sdv_yf&Sm;ae=ucsdef jzpfonff? jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@rSvnf; tvm;wl v_yf&Sm;ae=u onff? rdwDvmr@ESifh r@.0ef;usifw0dkufrSmvnf; zqyvtpdk;& ppfwyfrsm;ESifh Arm jynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS wyfrsm;/ jynfol@&Jabmfwyffrsm;ESifh u&if awmfvSefa&;wyfrsm;yg tjyeftvSefwdkufcdkuf ae=uonf? jrif;+cH/ ausmufqnf/ rEWav;/ ppfudkif;r@}uD;rsm; rSmvnf; xdkenf;tvm;wl wdkufyGJoHrpJ ae@pOf&ufquf wdkufcdkufae=uavonf? u|efawmffaecJhonfh qDrD;uef riff;acsmif;tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifh 0Javmif&Gmopf&Sd txufwef;ausmif;rsm;rSmvnff; ausmiff;&uf&Snfydwfxm;&onfh tjctae odk@ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf? u|efawmfonf ausmif;ydwfI tpfudk0rf;uGJ OD;yOif; ODd;aw Z0HoESifhtwl rdb&yfxH jyefcJh&onff? u|efawmfonf rdbrsm;xHa&muf&Sd+yD; wveD;yg;t=umwGif tarbufrS aqGrsK;d rsm;jzpf=uonfhf a'G;av;/ a'G;}uD;wd@k Eihf OD;av;/ OD;}uD;wd@k &onfh &Gmpnf/ pGe;f vGe;f ESihf S dS ul&Gmwkd@bufokd@ tvnffoGm;rnf[k rdb rsm;tm; cGifhyefI vluHESifhvdkufygvmcJhonf? wu,fwrf;wGif a'G;}uDd;/ a'G;av;/ ODd;av;wdk@xH roGm;jzpfawmhbJ jriff;+cHr@bufqD ajcOD;vSnfhum ArmjynffuGefjrLepfygwD jriff;+cHcdkifHk;okd@ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhavonf? Armjynf f u G e f j rLepf y gwD jrif ; +cH c d k i f H k ; onf xd k p Of u jrif ; +cH r@/ rd w D vmvrf;ab; tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh rvSrf;rurf; rsufapmiff;xdk;wGif&Sdonfh 16

taqmuftODwck[k rSwfrdaeavonf? u|efawmfonf xdkHk;okd@ a&muf&SdoGm;onfwGif touft&G,f (30) 0ef;usifom&Sdrnffh tom;nKdnKd t&yfredfrfhrjrifhESifh trnffrod yk*~dKvfwOD;u vufcHawG@qkHI ,ckuJhokd@ ppfaq;ar;jref;ygonf? a[h csmwdwf bmudpP&SdovJuG wJh? u|efawmfu ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ vufeufudkifwyfxJ 0ifcsifvdk@ygcifAsm [k ajym&m xdkyk*~dKvfu rif;touf b,favmuf&Sd+yDvJuG [k qufvufar;aeojzifh 13 ESpfygAsm [k ajzvdkuf&.? xdktcg uyif rif;touf u (13)ESpf/ vlu ydefanmfanmfeJ@ ykykjzLao;ao; jzpfrvm;uG wJh? u|efawmfu jzpffygw,fAsm [k ajymvdkufojzifh Tyk*~dKvfuyif riff;wyfxJ0ifrSmudk rif;rdb awGodvm; [k xyfrH ar;jref;vmonf? xdktcgY odygw,ff [k vdrfnmvdkuf&onf? TtcgrSmvnf; oluyif 'gqkd&ifrif;udk &Jacgifausmif;om;tzGJ @xJ vdkufydk@ay;r,f [kqdkum Hk;&Sdvli,fwODd;tm; vSrf;ac:+yD; u|efawmftm; vdkufydk@cdkif; vdkufonff? u|efawmfonf vddkufydk@onffh vli,f ESifhtwl &Jacgifausmif;om; tzGJ@Hk;[k xif&onfhae&modk@ a&muf&SdoGm;onff? touf (20) 0ef;usifr#&Sdrnfh rsufrSefwyf xm;onfh a,musfm; wOD;u vufcHI ppfaq;ar;jref;r_rsm; yjyefonf? ar;jref;ppfaq; &mY trnf/ touf/ ae&yf/ ausmif;ynmtqifhtwef;ESifh rdbtrnf ponf wdk@tm; jynffhjynfhpHkpHk ar;avonf? +yD;v#if &Jacgifausmif;om; tzGJ@0ifwODd;tjzpfESifh vufcHvdkuf .? u|efawmfonf vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&; wyfom;wOD; jzpfvmacs+yD? T1949ckESpfonf u|efawmf. vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;wyfom;b0 pwifaomESpf[k pdwfxJ rSm pGJpGJepfepf rSwfwrf;wifxm;vkdufrdygawmhonf? 1950? em&DvufwHonf puf0dkif;omeftvdkuf wcsufcsufESifhjrnfI v_yf&Sm;a&G@ vsm;aeouJhokd@ ae@/ &uf/ v rsm;onfvnf; em&DvufwHenf;wl &moDcGifESifhtnD ajymif;vJaeacsonf? u|efawmfonf 1950 ckESpfwGif &Jacgifausmif;om;tzGJ@. wm0efcH wOD;xH wifjyawmif;qddkum ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD acgif;aqmifonfh jrif;+cHcdkif wyfxo@dk toufvrnmI ajymif;cJygonf? jrif;+cHcdiwyfrwzef AdvtmVm OD;pD;onfh J df h kf S k f pwkwajcvsifwyfr&Sd&m EGm;xdk;}uD;r@e,f ysOfpnf-uEMm;zufokd@ ajymif;a&$@cJh&jyefonf? xdkrS xyfrHI ysOf;rem;ppfrsufESmqDokd@ vltifftm; ig;&m (500) cef@&Sdrnfh wyf&if;ESifh twl vdkufygcsDwufcJh&onf? ysOf;rem; ppfrsufESmokd@ a&muf&Sd+yD; r=umrDrSmyif jynfol@ wyfrawmfzGJ@pnf;&mY wyfr}uD; (1)/ wyfr[m (1)/ wyf&if; (2) wGif wyfom; (Hk;vkyf om;) wOD; tjzpf yg0ifcJh&avonff? 1950-ckESpf pufwifbmv(1) &ufae@onf awmfvSefaom Armh wyfrawmf 17

( 1949 ckESpfwGif zqyvtpkd;&ukd awmfvSefykefuefum awmcdkcJh=uonfh Armhwyfrawmf. tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf?) ESifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS jynffol@vGwf ajrmufa&; wyfrawmfwyfrsm;tm; twlwuG yl;aygif;zGJ@pnf;onfhae@ jzpfojzifh jynfol@wyfrawmf (People Army. PA) tm; pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhae@[k qkdEkdifygonf? odk@aomf Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu xdkae@tm; jynfol@wyfrawmf arG;zGm;onfhae@[lI rowfrSwfacs? 1948 ckESpf rwfv (28) ae@omv#if w&m;0ifae@ [ kygwD A[dkaumfrwD u owfrSwfqHk;jzwfxm;ayonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap 1950 ckESpf pufwifbm (1) &ufae@ onf vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;ordkif;wGif vspfvsL_xm;Ir&onfhae@wae@tjzpf wnf&SdaernfrSm trSefyif jzpfavonf? jynfol@wyfrawmf zGJ@pnf;pOfY t+rJwrf; vuQ%maqmifonfh (Regular Army) tjzpfESifh zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k od&SdcJh&av onf? wyfr}uD; (1) (Division) udk pwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu vltiftm; tjynfht0ESifh zGJ@pnf;cJhonf[kvnf; od&SdcJh&onf? .vufatmufwGif wyfr[mrsm; wyf&if; rsm;ukdvnf; tvm;wl zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? tjyif t+rJwrf;wyfrawmfY &Sd&rnfh ppf&mxl; tqifhtwef;rsm; (Ranks) ESifh ppfHk;rsm; (Office Staff) rsm;udkyg owfrSwfjymef; ay;cJhygonf? u|efawmfyg0ifcJh&onfh wyf&if; (2) onf zGJ@pnf;r_t& vltif tm; ig;&m (500) r# &Sdayrnf? xkdwyf&if;. wyfrSL; wyfom; trsm;pk}uD;onf wrmyef;&eH@awG oif;aom tnmajrrS tnmom;rsm; jzpfacsonf? wyf&if;EdkifiHa&;rSL;qdkv#if ppfudkif; om; &Jabmfpdk;odrf;jzpf+yD; wyf&if; Hk;tkyfqdkv#if rv_difr@om; ocifomnif;.nD acwf ynmwwfwOD;yif jzpfonf? jynfol@wyfrawmftm; t+rJwrf;wyfrawmftjzpf zGJ@pnf;&mwGif OD;xkyf wHqdyf/ vufarmif;wHqdyfrsm;vnf; owfrSwfyvkyfxm;ayonf? rSwfrdor#qdk&v#if OD;xkyfwHqdyfY }wd*HoHk;ajrmifh =u,feDtm; t0ga&mif pyg;ESH ESSpfcufESifh ab;rS+cH&H xm;av onf? =u,feD. atmufcHtpdrf;a&mif puf0dkif;omefudk t0wfpjzifh yvkyfxm;onf? .t"dy`m,frSm =u,feDonf rdk;aomuf=u,f/ atmufcHtpdrf;a&mifrSm trdEdkifiH Arm jynfonf pdrf;vef;om,monfh EdkifiHjzpfonfqkdaomoabm/ pyg;ESHonf vlOD;a& trsm;qHk;jzpfonfh v,form;vlwef;pm;tm; azmf!ef;onf[k od&onf? vufarmif;wHqdyfwGifrl tjzLa&mif ydwfxlxlukd av;vufrcef@&Sdrnhf }wd*H t&G,tpm;tjzpf jzwfawmufum xdtjzLa&miftm; tjyma&mif rd;k aumif;ui tjzpf f k f ta&mifwif bavmuf d k u f x m;ayonf ? T}wd *H t wG i f ;Y atmuf r S t xuf o d k @ !efjyonfh tjzLa&mifjrm;ukd xnfhoGif;xm;+yD; }wd*H.axmifhESpfckwGif =u,fi,f ESpf vH k ; ES i h f tv,f w G i f wvH k ; / =u,f j ymi,f o H k ; vH k ; onf tcsd K ;nD n D & S d a eayonf ?
(RBA)
18

xkdvufarmif; wHqdyf. oauFwtrSwfvuQ%mESifht"dy`m,frSm Armjynf. rdk;aumif; uifonf =unfvifom,m at;csrf;ayrnf? =u,fjymi,foHk;vHk;onf tvkyform;/ v,form;ESifh vlvwfwef;pm;rsm;qdkonfh vlwef;pm;oHk; &yfudk udk,fpm;yonfh wyf rawmf[k t"dy`m,foufa&mufa=umif; a,bk,s od&Sdem;vnfcJh&ygonf? wyfr}uD; (1) . wyfr}uD;rSL;onf &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvf&efatmifjzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;rSL;onf &JabmfrsdK;jrifh (&Jabmfatmif) yif jzpfonf? aemufydkif;wGifvnf; tvm;wlpGm wyfr}uDd; (2) (3) (4) ponfrsm;tm; zJG@pnf;cJhavonf? 1950 - 51 xdkESpfumvY ysOf;rem;a'o. wae&mwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. A[dk XmecsKyfHk; (PHQ) pcef;wck tcdkiftrm &Sdaeonf? tvm;wl A[dkppfOD;pD; XmecsKyfHk; (GHQ) pcef;onfvnf; ab;csi;,SOvsuf crf;crf;em;em; &SaecJonf? Ttcsef umv f f f d h d rsm;wGif jynfol@wyfrawmfY &Sdae=uonfh t*Fvdyfpmwwf wyfrSL;tcsdK@onf ppfa&; ppf&m toHk;tE_ef;rsm;tm; Armbmomjzifh oHk;E_ef;ajymqdkjcif;xuf t*Fvdyfpm t*Fvdyf pum;rsm;jzifh ajymqdkoHk;E_ef;jcif;ukd tmawG@=uonf[k qdk&ayrnf? xdkpOfu ppfa&; tac:ta0:rsm;uddk trsm;tm;jzifh t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh oHk;E_ef;=uonf? jynfol@wyfrawmf. atmufajcwyfom;trsm;pk}uD;onf aus;vuf awm &Gmrsm;rS v,form;rsm;. om;orD;rsm;jzpf=u+yD; jrefrmpmukdyif aumif;pGm rwwf=u yg? t*Fvdyfpm/ t*Fvdyfpum;qdkv#if =um;zl; em;0yif &Sd=urnfrxifay? u|efawmf yg0ifcJh&onfh wyf&if; (2) . atmufajcwyfom;trsm;pk}uD;rSm txuftnm aus; vufrsm;rS jzpf=uI rD;&xm;oHvrf;qdkonfudkyif tawmfrsm;rsm;u rjrifzl;=u? jynfol@wyfrawmf pwifzJG@pnf;pOfuwnf;u t+rJwrf;wyfrawmfyHkpHrsdK; tjzpf zJG@pnf;cJhI wyfrSL;wyfom; qufqHa&;wGif tqifhtwef; t& qufqHa&;rsdK; jzpfaeavonf? wenf;tm;jzifh ocifESifhu|ef/ tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;/ ajr&SifESifh ajru|ef qufqHa&;rsdK; vGrfrdk;vmayonf? &Jabmfcsif;/ wdkufazmfwdkufzufcsif;/ tvkyf wm0eft& wyfrSL;ESifh wyfom; tjyeftvSef cspfcifav;pm;onfh qufqHa&;rsdK;onf wpwparS;rSdef aysmufuG,fvmaeonf? wyfrSL;trsm;pkonf atmufajcwyfom;xk tay:wGif pdwfrxifv#if rxif ovdk qJqdk}udrf;armif;/ dkufESufxdk;}udwfonftxd jzpfvmonf? atmufajc wyfom; xkuvnf; xkdtajctaetm; rcHr&yfEdkifI rif;rJhqefqef wefjyefyrlvm=uonf? trsm;pkwyfom;rsm;onff tkyfvdkufoif;vdkuf vlpk+yD; udk,fha'o udk,hfrdbtdrfodk@ jyef=uum tenf;pkonf "m;jyrsm;/ rxl;wyfzJG@rsm;txd jzpfoGm;=uayonf? 19

vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tajctaeonf wae@wjcm; qdk;&Gm;usqif;vm +yD; 1949 ckESpfeJ@rwlawmhyg? vufeufudkifwyfrsm;. tiftm;onfvnf; ododomom qkwf,kwfusqif;vmonf? txl;ojzifh 1951 - 52 rsm;wGif ydkrdkodomxif&Sm;vm aeonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwDonf Ttajctaeukd [ef@wm;xdef; odrf;&eftwGuf vufeufudkifwyfrsm;ESifhqdkifonfhuGefz&ifh ESifh tpnf;ta0;rsm; pDpOf usif;ycJhayonf? xdktpnf;ta0;yJGrsm;/ uGef z&ifhrsm;wGif wyfwGif;'Drdkua&pDjy\em/ wyfrSL;wyfom; qufqHa&; jy\em/ aexdkifpm;aomufa&;jy\emrsm;tm; tav; xm; aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf? u|efawmfonf 1952 ckESpf w0dkufwGif jynfcdkif aygufacgif;r@ e,ftwGif;&Sd oufi,fusif; aus;&GmteD;Y usif;yyvkyfcJhonfh ppfuGefz&ifhwcktm; wufa&mufcJh& onf? xdkumvu jynfol@wyfrawmfwGif u|efawmfrSwfrdor#rSm zJG@pnf;r_t&qdk&v#if ppfXmecsKyfESpfck &Sdaeacsonf? awmifydkif;ppfXmecsKyf (Southern Command S/C) ESifh ajrmufydkif; ppfXm ecsKyf (Nouthern Command N/C) wdk@jzpf=uonf? S/C.wm0efcHwyfrSL;onf wyfeDrS Adkvfatmifrif;jzpf+yD; N/C . wm0efcHrSm RBA rS Advpewifjzpfonf? u|eawmfwufa&mufc&onfh ppfuez&ifonf awmifyi; k f d f f hJ G f h kd f ppfXmecsKyf e,fajrtwGif;jzpfI awmifydkif;ppf XmecsKyfESifhqdkifonfh uGefz&ifh [kqdk& acsrnf? u|efawmfonf wyfom;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;taeESifh wufcJh&jcif;jzpf.? oufi,fusif;aus;&GmESifh ywf0ef;usifaus;&Gmrsm;rS &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;onf a&tenf;i,fp;dD qif;aeonfh acsmif;i,fwck.ab;&Sd awm wae&mY TuGez&iftwGuf f h vlav;&m (400) r#qonfh tpnf;ta0; cef;raqmif}uD;waqmiftm; aqmufvyxm; hH kf avonf? uGefz&ihf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf ntdyfpuf&ef taqmuftODESifh xrif; pm;aomuf csufywf&eftwGuf taqmuftODrsm;vnf; aqmufxm;=uonf? xdk taqmuftODrsm;onf 0g;jcrf;cif;/ 0g;jcrf;um oufi,frdk;I aqmufxm;onfh taqmuftODrsm;yiffjzpfonf? tpnf;ta0;cef;raqmif. t0if0wGif ezl;pnf;pmwef; csdwfqJG xm;onf? yxrt}udrfajrmuf jynfol@wyfrawmf. awmifydkif;qdkif&m ppfuGefz&ifh[laom pmwef; jzpfonf? uGez&iftpnf;ta0; yxrae@wif obmywdpifjrifY ae&m,lxiae=uonfh f h G h kd f acgif;aqmifyk*~dKvfrsm;onf rSwfrdor# &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if AdkvfaZ,s/ Adkvf&efatmifESifh a'gufwmewfpf (c) q&m0effOD;xGef;armif/ Adkvfatmifrif;/ Adkvf&Jarmif/ Adkvfatmifaz/ Adkvfrif;'if/ Adkvfyk/ AdkvfvSaz wkd@ jzpf=uonf? A[dkaumfrwDwOD;jzpfonfh a'gufwmewfpf (c) q&mxGef;armifonf T uGefz&ifhY jynfol@wyfrawmf. EdkifiHa&;Xme}uDd;rSL;wOD;tjzpfESifh wm0ef,lum 20

wyfrawmfwGif; EdkifiHa&;tajctae oHk;oyfcsufpmwrf;ukd zwf=um;wifoGif;rnfh yk*~dKvf jzpfonff? uGefz&ifhudk,fpm;vS,f av;&m (400) cef@r#onf a'gufwmewfpf wifoGif; onfh pmwrf;tay:Y tjyeftvSef t}udwfte,f tjiif;tckefrsm;ESifh wufupGm aqG;aEG;=uonf? txl;ojzifh wyfwGif;'Drdkua&pD jy\em (EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;/ pD;yGm; a&;) 'Drdkua&pDoHk;&yfESifh wyfrSL;wyfom;qufqHa&;jy\em.tydkif;rsm;yif jzpfav onf? uGefz&ifhaqG;aEG;yJG (11) &uffajrmufonfhae@wGif &efol (zqyv) tpdk;& ppfwyfu owif;&&SdI ppftiftm;tvHk;t&if;jzifh ppfa=umif; rsm;jzef@cJGum uGefz&ifh usif;yonfhae&mokd@ OD;wnfI xdk;ppfqifvmonf? xdk@a=umifh uGefz&ifhukd kwfw&uf &yfem;vdkuf&avonf? uGefz&ifhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tjrefvlpkcJGum rdrdwdk@. wyfrsm;&Sd&m a'oqD jyefvnfcsDwuf=u&onf? tnma'o roHk;vHk; (jrif;+cH/ rdwD vm/ rEWav;) e,fodk@ tjyefwGif t*Fvef qif;[mh'fppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif; AdkvfvSaz onf &efol.ppfa=umif;wa=umif;ESifh awG@qHkwkdufyGJjzpfI &efol.zrf;qD;r_udk cHvdkuf& onf[k =um;odcJh&avonf? 1952 - 53 ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;onf tqdk; buf(odk@ r[kwf) tusbufokd@ ODd;wnf+rJ OD;wnfaeacsonf? jynfol@ wyfrawmf. wyf&if; wyfzJG@ toD;oD;wdk@onfvnf; jyefvnfpkzJG@r_rsm; yvkyf=u&avonf? wyfr/ wyfr[m/ wyf&if;rsm;onf vltiftm; trsm;tjym; avsmhenf;oGm;=uojzifh tcsdK@ukd zsufodrf; um topfpkzJG@r_rsm;yif yvkyf&awmhonf? zqyvtpdk;&onf wjynfvHk;tm; ppfa&;t& wpwp jyef vnfxdef;csKyf vmonf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&. tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;onfvnf; aumif;pGmwnf+idrf vmaeayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh Armjynf vufeuf udkifawmfvSefa&; tajctaeonf aemufo@kd qwcmaeonfh tajctae? zqyvtpd;k &. tiftm;tajctaeum; a&S@o@kd k fG rSefrSef wdk;wufaeonf[k qdk&ayrnf?
1954 wyf&if;(2)onf jynfol@wyfrawmf pwifzGJ@pnf;pOfuwnf;rSpI u|efawmf yg0ifcJhonfh wyf&if;jzpfonf? xdkwyf&if;onf wdkufcdkufa&;bufwGif emrnf&cJhonfh 21

wyf&if;vnf;jzpf.? wdawmif;vSonfh ordi;f umvwcktwGi;f Twyf&if; wducuc& k k k f kd f h J onfh wdkufyGJrsm;xJwGif v,fa0;r@ vSSHpGyfxdk;wdkufyGJ/ ysOf;rem; vufwurf; teD;uyf wdkufyGJ/ a&eD om0wdwdkufyGJrsm;onf ausmf=um;xif&Sm;onfh wdkufyGJrsm;yif jzpfonf? tjyif wyfr}uD; (1) 'k-wyfr}uD;rSL;jzpfonfh wifxGef;atmif opPmazmuf tiftm; pktm; EdSrfESif;a&;wdkufyGJrsm;ESifh tjcm;wdkufyGJrsm;pGmudkvnf; wdkufcdkufcJh&ayonff? wyf&if; (2) onf 1950 rS 1953 ckESpf oHk;ESpfwm tcsdefwdktwGif; wdkufyGJ}uD; (12) yGJESifh wdkufyGJi,faygif;rsm;pGm wdkufcdkufcJh&onfh wyf&if; jzpfonf? wdkufcdkufa&; ol&Jaumif;trsm;tjym;vnf; ay:xGef;cJhonf? v,fa0;r@ vSHpGyfxdk;wdkufyGJwGif wyf&if;rS wyfcGJ (1) wyfcGJrSL; Adkvfaygufonf xif&Sm;onfh wdkufcdkufa&;ol&Jaumif;wODd; jzpfonf? olonf T wdkufyGJYyif touffay;oGm;avonf? awmfvSefa&;'Da& usqif;aeonfhumvY wyf&if; (2)onfvnf; tjcm; wyf&if;wyfzGJ@rsm;enf;wl usqHk;'%f&m&wyfom;rsm;. pm&if;udk Ekwfvdkufv#if vuf usefpm&if;onf xdktcsdefY ESpf&mr#yif jynfhrnf rxifyg? xdka=umifh wyf&if; (2)onf emrnfyg uG,faysmufcJh&ayonff? vufusefwyfom;tcsKd@tm; wyfr}uD; (1). Hk;tzGJ@ ESifhtwl txufArmjynf csDwufa&;wGif vdkufygcJh&+yD; tcsKd@onf txl;wyfzGJ@ tjzpf &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;a'owdk;cJs@a&;Y wm0efay;cHcJh&avonff? &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;a'owdk;csJ@a&; txl;wyf zGJ@pnf;&mwGif wyfzGJ@. wyfrSL;onf Adkvfjroef; (c) AdkvfrSL; Avatmif jzpfonf? onf 1970 ckESpf pufwif bmv (8) &ufae@ ocifwifxGef;ESSifhtwl usqHk;cJhayonf? xdkpOfu .nD AdkvfjrpH vnf; usq;kH cJygonf? &yfapmufe,f acsmif;i,f&mESihf reD;ra0; aZmf*sjD rpfab; awmwGi;f h G wae&mY &efol. vufcsufjzifh usqHk;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf? aygif ; avmif ; eef @ zma'o tjccscJ h o nf h txl ; wyf z G J @ ? Adkvfjroef; acgif;aqmifonfh e,fopfwdk;csJ@a&; txl;wyfzGJ@onf ysOf;rem;a' orS pwifcsDwufum wyfukef;r@e,f ajrmufbufjcrf;&Sd o=um;[if;tdk;&GmY ,m,D pcef;cs wyf&yfem;cJhonf? o=um;[if;tdk;&Gmonf xddkpOfu tdrfajcoHk;q,fausmf av; q,fr#om &Sdrnf[kxifygonff ? ywf0ef;usifw0dkufrSmvnf; aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym; &Sdaeonf? xkde,fajr tm;vHk;eD;yg;tm; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD wyfukef;r@e,frS wm0ef ,l tkyfcsKyfaejcif;yif jzpfonf? e,fopfwdk;csJ@a&; txl;wyfzGJ@onf o=um;[if;tdk;&GmrS aygif;avmif; eef@zm a'o &Srf;dk;rawmifay:odk@ pwifcsDwufcJhonff? csDdwufonfh vrf;wae&mY o=um; [if;tdk; &GmrS &Gmolrdef;uav; +rD;aumifayguft&G,f oHk;av;a,mufonf t0wfxkyf 22

uav;rsm;ukd,fpDjzifh apmifhae=u onf? wyfESifhawG@qHkonfESifh wdk@onf wyfESifhtwl vdkufvdkonf[k qdk=uygonf? xdktcgwGif wyfrSL;onf xdkrdef;uav;wodkuftm; wae &mYac:I ar;jref;aqG;aEG;avonf? wyfudkvnf; csDwufae&mrS acwW &yfem;vdkuf&.? +yD;v#ifwyfrSL;onf wyfpkrSL;wOD;tm; ac:,lI wyfpdwf wpdwftiftm;ESifh &Gmolrdef; uav;rsm;udk &Gmoddk@jyefydk@cdkif;vdkufonf? wyfudkvnf; quffIcsDwufapavonf? xdkae@nae ae0ifdk;&DtcsdefwGif wyfudkcsDwufae&mrS awmifay: wufrnfh vrf;ab;wae&mY a&&Srnfae&mwGif ntdy&yfem;&ef pcef; csvuonf? r=umrDrmyif d h f kd f S +rD;aumifayguf rdef;uav;wpktm; vdkufydk@onfh wyfpkrSL;ESif h wyfpdwfwpdwfonf vdkufrDa&muf&Sdvmygonf? wyfpkrSL;onff tajctaetusKd;ta=umif;ukd wyfrSL; xHowif;ydk@ tpDd&ifcHavonff? wyfpkrSL;onf ESifhtwlygvmonfh ay;pmrsm;ESifh pm; aomufp&m oa&pmrsm;ukd emrnfyg&abmfrsm;tm; vduva0iSay;aeavonf? a0iScH J k f H f &onfh &Jabmfrsm;xJwGif u|efawmfvnf; yg0ifaeonf? pmwapmifESifh rkef@xkyfwxkyf tm; vufcH&&Sdayonff? u|efawmfonf &&Sdonfh rkefhxkyftm;rpm;ao;yJ pmudk OD;pGmazmufI zwf=unfhvdkufavonff? +yD;v#if rdrdwOD;wnf; }udwfIyH;rdygonf? ta=umif;rSm u|efawmfwnf;cdkcJhaom o=um;[if;tdk;&GmrS tdrf&Sif+rD;aumifaygufrav; rdacG; a&;vm onfh ay;pma=umifhyif jzpfonff? u|efawmfwnf;cdkcJhonfh o=um;[if;tdk;&GmrS tdrfonf wpHkw&m pD;yGm;a&;acsmifvnfonfh tdrf[k cef@rSef;&onf? xdktdrfY awG@jrifcJh&onf rsm;rSm cdkif;EGm; awmifhawmifhw&SOf;/ vSnf;aumif;aumif; wpDd;ESifh tdrfuvnf; oGyfrdk; ysOfumrsm; jzpfonf? toHk;taqmif ypPnf;rsm;jzpfaom tdk;cGuf yef;uefrsm;uvnf; oifhwifhaumif;rGefa=umif; awG@&onff? tjyiff ig;yd/ qD/ qm;/ ikwf/ =uufoGefrStp tdrfqdkiftjzpf a&mif;csae=uao;onff? xdktdrf. tdrfOD;ewfa,mufsm;onf touft&G,ftm;jzifh av;q,f (40) r# &Sdayrnf? .ZeD;rSmrl toufoHk;q,f (30) 0ef;usif &Sdrnf[k xif&onf? wdk@wGif wpfq,hfav; wpfq,fhig; (14 - 15) ESpft&G,forD;wa,muf&Sd+yD; orD;jzpf oltm; tawmfyifcspfyHk&.? xkdorD; ukd rdacG;[k ac:=u+yDd; tjcm;trnf&Sdr&Sd rodcJh&ay? u|efawmfhxH rdacG;a&;ay;vmonfh ay;pmonf olr.oli,fcsif; taygif; toif; a&mif;&if;rsm;u 0dkif;0ef; ajrmufyifhay;r_t& a&;vmonfh pm[k xif&onf? pmygta=umif;t&mY ,ckvyg&avonf? rSwror# rSm uGr;f &GuEiqm; wJ? atmf kd dS f d f S hf h +rD;aumifayguft&G,f 'DvdkyJvdk@ awG;rd+yD; apmapmursm; vrf;ab;wGif t0wfxkyf av;awG udk,fpDydkuf+yD; wyftm; uwifapmifhaeonfhtxJY rdacG;wa,mufygaecJhv#if wyfrSL;onf u|efawmhftay: rnfodk@rsm; xifjrifygrnfenf;[k awG;rdaeacsonf? u|efawmfwdk@wyfonf &nfrSef;csufokd@ acsmarmpGm a&muf&Sd=u+yD; ajccsEdkifcJh 23

avonf? Te,fajrokd@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS wyfukef;r@ e,fESifh ysOf;rem;cdkif t&HcdkifaumfrwDwOD; acgif;aqmifI vufeufudkif wyftiftm; (30) cef@ESifh 1950 51 ckESpfrsm;wGif a&muf&Sd tajcpdkufcJh=u+yDd; jzpfonf[k od&SdcJh&ygonf? u|eawmfw@kd wyfz@GJ onff ,cifa&muf&ae+yD;jzpfaom cdiacgi;f aqmifEihf aqG; f dS kf S aEG;ndE_dif;oabmwlnDcsuft& Ta'o&Sd &Gmw&Gmjzpfaom ukef;csdKif;&GmY ae&m,l wyfpGJvdkuf=uonf? aygif;avmif; eef@zma'oonf &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;a'orsm;ESifh Armjynfr. tv,fydkif;a'orsm;jzpfonfh &rnf;oif;/ wyfukef;/ ysOf;rem; e,fajr a'orsm;ESifh qufpyfe,fajrwck jzpfonf? Te,fajra'oonf vrf;yef;tquf t oG,f cufcJ+yD; acsmifusonfh e,fajrwck jzpfonf? a'o xGufukefypPnf;qdkv#if xdkpOf u pyg;ESifh eEGif;wufESpfrsdK;om pdkufysdK;xGuf&Sdayonf? Ta'o. obm00ef;usifwGif rkwfokHopfawm}uD;rsm;ESifh jrifhrm;rwf apmufvSonffh awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm; 0dkif;&Htkyfrdk; v$rf;cHaeonf? ajrmufrS awmif bufodk@ a&rsm;pD;qif;aeonfh aygif;avmif;acsmif;(ppfawmif;jrpf. jrpfnmydkif;) onf &moDdtcsdefumvra&G; a& tenf;trsm;qdkovdk pD;qif;aewwfonf? xdka'oonf acsmif;ajrmif;tif;tdkif a&wHcGef pdrfhprf;rsm;vnf; aygrsm;I a'ocHjynfolrsm;twGuf pdkufysdK;a&;ESifh om;ig;[if;vsmrsm; twGuf tqifajyonf[k qdk&acsrnf? v,fESifh a&$@ajymif;awmif,mrsm;rS pyg;oDd;xGufrsm;vnf; aumif;=uonf? wESpfywfvHk; w}udrfomv#if pdkufysdK;=uI woD;pm;pepfjzpfaomfvnf; a'ocHjynf olrsm;twGuf 0rf;pmzlvHkHkr#ru tydktv#Hrsm;yif &&Sd=uao;onf? a'oonf rdk;-aqmif;&moDumvrsm;wGif awmifcdk;awmifaiG@ awmif&dyf rsm;a=umifh tHk@r_dif;aewwfonf? jrLawGuyg xyfqifha0aeI 0ef;usifwckvHk;onf aea&mifjcnfyif rawG@jrif=u&bJ rGef;vJGrGef;wnfhtcsdefusrSomv#if aea&mifukd pwif awG@jrif=u&acsonf? uarBmZXmae rJZmajr[k qdkavmufonf? aygif;avmif;eef@zma'oonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif; cdkif. tajccHa'ovnf; jzpfonf? xkde,fajronf xdkpOfumvu rD;&xm;/ um;vrf; rsm;ESifh tvSrf;a0;onfh e,fajrwckvnf; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh awmfvSefa&;tzJG@ t pnf;rsm;ESihf wyfz@GJ rsm; twGuf tajccHpcef; wnfaqmuf&ef toifavsmq;kH a'owck[k h f ajymqdk=urnfrSm trSefyifjzpf.? Ta'o. taetxm;onfvnf; ArmjynfrESifh &Srf;jynfe,f. e,fedrdwf rsOf;ay:wGif cGpD;xm;onfh taetxm;jzpfI ppfa&;ppf&mt& wpHkw&m aumif;rGef ayonf? ajymufusm;wyfzJG@rsm;twGufvnf; v_yf&Sm;ppfupm;I aumif;aom a'o wckjzpfacsrnf? a'o. yx0Dtaetxm;onf txufYazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; }uD;rm; us,jf yef@aom opf awm}uD;rsm;ESihf rsm;jym;vSonfh awmifwef;awmifue;f awmifxwf k G 24

rsm;onf ppfa&;ppf&mtwGuf toHk;0ifvSonf? a'otwGif; rSDwif;aexdkif=uonfh vlrsdK;rsm;rSmvnf; u,m;/ u&if/ ytdk@0f/ &Srf;/ awmifdk;/ ArmtrsdK;om;rsm; jzpf=u+yDd; ajymqdk=uonfh bmompum;rSmvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh Armbmompum;yif jzpf.? trsm;pkonf Ak'<bmom0ifrsm; jzpf=u onf? vlOD;a&trsm;pkrSmvnf; ArmvlrsdK;rsm;jzpf+yD; &rnf;oif;/ wyfukef;/ ysOf;rem;a' orsm;rS jzpfayrnf? xdka'orsm;&Sd ArmvlrsdK;rsm; ta&muftaayguf toGm;tvm rsm;=uojzifh Armpum;ESifh Armh,Ofaus;r_ "avhxHk;pHrsm;om t"duv$rf;rddk;aejcif; jzpfrnf[k ,lq&ygonf? G xda'orS arG;zGm;vm=uonfh vli,fv&,f usm;rrsm;onf ajrjyef@f vijf yif k l G a'orsm;rS vli,frsm;ESirwlbJ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;r_&a=umif; awG@&onf? txl;ojzifh &moD hf dS OwkESifhvnf; qdkifayrnf? Ta'o&Sd rdef;uav;trsm;pkonf xkdpOfu a,bk,stm;jzifh tom;ta& jzLazG;=uygonf? rnf;onfhrdef;uav; tawmf&Sm;yg;ygonf? tysdKt&G,f rdef;uav;rsm;qkdv#if kyf&nfoem;urm;&Sd=uolu rsm;jym;avonf? u|ef awmfwdk@ xJu au'gwOD;.tajymESifhrSwfcsuft&qdk&v#if arjrifh/ ar&Djrifh(xkdacwfu kyf&Sif rif;orD;rsm;)awG v_difonfh *Edkift&yf[k qdk&ygvdrfhrnf? odk@aomf rdef;uav;trsm;pk onf vnfwH ra=umh&Sif;EdkifbJ vnfyif;}uD;a&m*g (Goitre) &Sdae=uonf? =um;zl;em; 0t& ajym&v#if awmifay:olrsm;jzpfI tdit'if; (Iodine) "mwfcsKd @waejcif;a=umif[k k f kd hJ h qdk&acsrnf? u|efawmfwdk@wyfrS tnma'o&Jabmfrsm;uawmh aygif;avmif; eef@zm vSysdK jzLrsm;ESifh zl;pm,Suf/ tdrfaxmifzuftjzpf vufwJGcJh=uonfrSm vloHk;q,f (30) r# &Sdavonf? oHk;ESpftwGif; Tokd@ tdrfaxmifusoGm;=ujcif; jzpfonf? xda'oESiywfoufI Advr; csKyfa[mif; OD;atmif}uD;rS AdvcsKyf }uD;ae0if;xH k hf k f k f pma&;I t}uHay;cJhzl;onf[k =um;cJhzl;ygonf? OD;atmif }uDd;. t}uHay;pmwGif aygif; avmif;eef@zma'otm; uGefjrLepfrsm;. ajcukwfpcef;wcktjzpf b,fenf;ESifhrS wnf&Sd cGifh ray;oifhay? Te,fajra'oonf yJcl;dk;rESifhqufoG,f&eff aumif;rGefonfh a'o wckjzpfonf? &yfapmuf/ tifawm/ ausmufulESifh rdk;ukwf/ rdk;rdwf a'orsm;rS wkwf jynf.e,fpyftxd qufoG,fqufpyf&ef uGif;qufus+yD; A[dkcsufrozG,f jzpfaeonf? xdk@a=umifh Te,fajrudk [dkcsDrif;qufoG,fa&;vrf;rtjzpf rwnf&Sd&eff vGefpGmyif ta&;}uD;onf[k yg&Sda=umif; odcJh&ayonf? AdvcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf ppfO;D pD;csKyfwOD;taeESiaomfvnf;aumif;/ tdrapmifh k f hf f tpdk;&. 0eff}uD;csKyftaeESifhaomfvnf;aumif; aygif; avmif;eef@zma'oudk OD;atmif}uD; . t}uH^m%frsm;ESifhtnD uGefjrLepf rsm;udk ajcrcsEdkifatmif tpGrf;ukef u;yrf;vkyf aqmifcJhavonf? 25

,if;twGufa=umifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynfe,f awmif ydkif;cdkif. tajccHTe,fajronf tm%m& tqufqufaom tpdk;&rsm;. ppfa&;xdk;ppf }uD;i,f rsm;tm; }udrfzefrsm;pGm cHcJh&onfh a'owckjzpf vmcJh&onf? Ta'o&Sd jynfolrsm; onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. a&S@aqmifr_atmufwGif &efolwdk@. xdk;ppftvDvDtm; ckcHwGef;vSefcJhonfrSm &Snf=umonfh jynfwGif;ppfordkif;ESifhtnD oufwrf;&SnfcJhojzifh a'oeDwck[k qdk&acsrnf? vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;onf ajzmifhjzL;acsmarG@onfh vrf;rsdK; r[kwfay? =urf;wrf;+yD; twuftqif; tauG@taumufrsm;ESifh jynfhv#H aeonfh ca,mif;vrf; wckom jzpfavonf? xdkvrf;ay:Y wnf&Sdaeonfh aygif;avmif;eef@zma'oonfvnf; txdtcdkuf tyGef;tyJhrsm;pGm rv$J ra&Smifom awG@uHcHpm;cJh&avonf? 1948 rwfv 28 ae@wGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. ygwD0ifrsm;ESifh vlxk vlweff;pm; acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wjynfvHk; twdkif;twmtxd &uf&ufpufpuf owf jzwfzsufqD; zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;rsm; cHcJh&onf? tvpftidkuf t=urf;zuf wdkufcdkufr_ rsm;vnf; cHcJh=u&onf? xdk@a=umifh rdrdwdk@ESifh jynfolrsm;. &yfwnfa&;twGuf azmuf jyefonfh zqyv tpdk;& udk vufeufudkif ckcHawmfvSefa&;rSwyg; tjcm;vrf;r&Sdonfh tavsmuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf vufeufudkifwefjyeffawmfvSefa&;udk vufeuf udiawmfvea&;jzifh rvJra&Smifom wk@H jyefqifE&jcif; jzpfonf[k xdpOfu wdi;f jynfEihf kf S f $ J$ k k S jynfolrsm;tm; xkwfazmfa=unm today;cJhayonf? 1949 ckEponf Tvufeufuif ckcawmfvea&;ppf. txGwtxdyf tjrifh S f kd H S f f rm;qHk;umv[k qdk&ygrnf? vufeufudkifwyftiftm; onfvnf; t&Sdeft[kefjzifh 1952 ckESpftxd }uD;xGm;vmcJhonf? aemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif vufeufudkifwyf. tiftm;onf wpwp usqif; qkwf,kwfvmygonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwDonf awmfvSefa&;'Da& twuftus ESihf tajctae tajymif;tvJrsm;t& vrf;pOfay:vpDrsm;udvnf; yjyifajymif;vJ csrwf k S cJh=u&onf? 1951 ckESpfwGif +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh nD!Gwfa&;tpdk;&vrf;pOfudk csrSwfcJhonf? wkwfjzL (KMT) . wyfrsm; onf Armjynf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mtm; xdyg;vmI wrsdK;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGmjzifh wdkufcdkufoGm;&rnf[k xdkvrf;pOfu !ef;qdkxm; onf? ,if;a=umifh ajr&Sifrsm;xHrS odrf;,lcJhonfh v,fajrrsm;udk qif;&Jonfh v,f orm;rsm;xH a0iSay;xm;cJh&mrS ,ckwzef jyefvnfodrf;,lI ajr&Sifrsm;xH jyefvnf tyfESHcJh=uonf? Tajr,may:vpDtrSm; a=umifh vufeufudkifwyf (aus;&Gm awmifol v,form; om;orD;trsm;pk) wGif;rS &Jabmfrsm; wyfrSxGufum tdrfjyefoGm;=ujcif; a=umifh wyfycJh&onf[k qdkavonf?
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1955 ck E S p f (55 vrf ; pOf ) u|efawmfonf Tvrf;pOfESifhywfoufI xdktcsdefu aumif;pGm em;rvnfcJh acs? em;vnf&ef cufcJ_yfaxG;aom vrf;pOf[kom odem;vnfcJh&onf? axmufcHueff@uGufr_udkyif rdrdyvkyfcJhjcif; &Sdr&Sd rrSwfrdawmhacs? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD. 55 vrf;pOfESifh ywfoufI oHk;oyf xm;aom oHk;oyfcsufwckwGif T 55 vrf;pOfonf Armjynf vufeufudkif awmfvSef a&;tm; t}uD;tus,f xdcdkufepfemapcJhonf[k qdkxm;avonf? u|efawmfyg0ifonfh &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; e,fopfwdk;csJ@a&; wyfzJG@onf 1955 ckESpfw0dkufwGif &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;cdkif wyfzJG@tjzpf ajymif;vJwm0eff,lcJhonf? u|efawmfonfvnf; tif;av; a'oajrmufjcrf; anmifa&$e,fokd @ ajratmuf tvkyfwm0efjzifh ajymif;a&$@ cJh&ygonf? 1956 AdkvfbZHonf Te,fajrtwGif;yg0ifaom tif;av;a'o ajrmufjcrf;okd@ a&muf&Sd+yD; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. tvkyfwm0ef rsm;udk xrf;aqmifaecsdefjzpfonf? rnfonfhtqifhjzifh tvkyfrsm;vkyfaeonf qkdonfukdawmh twdtus rod&Sdyg? u|ef awmfwOD;csif; tuJcwfcsuft& onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. jynfe,ftqifh acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xifrdygonf? a'o.taetxm;ESifh ajratmufb0 tajc taet& v#dK@0Sufa&;tm; tav;xm;vdkufemae=u&aoma=umifh twdtus rod&SdcJh&jcif; jzpfygonf? u|ef a wmf o d c J h & or# Ad k v f b ZH AdkvfbZHonf tif;av;trsdK;om;wOD; jzpf+yD; . arG;Zmwdonf anmifa&$ r@e,f arayG;aus;&Gm jzpfonf? xdk&Gmonf OD;wifat; (&Srf;jynf) . &Gmjzpfonfh iz,facsmif; (ig;z,facsmif;) &GmESifhreD;ra0;/ ta&S@taemuf rsufapmif;xdk;Y wnf&Sdaeyg onf? onf i,fpOfumv ausmif;om;b0wGif awmif}uD;r@Y ynmoif=um;cJonf? h t*Fvdyfjrefrm q,fwef;atmif+yD;aemuf awmif}uD;r@&Sd taumuf cGefXmeY taumuf cGeft&m&Sd(Custom Officer) wOD;tjzpf 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? onf &Srf;jynf e,f vufa&G;pOfabmvHk;toif;wGif tv,fwef; abmvHk;orm;wOD;tjzpf emrnf&SdcJh olvnf; jzpfonf? olonff 1946 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif 'kwd,t}udrftjzpf jyefvnf zJG@pnf;onfh 27

&Srf;jynf jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; tzJG@csKyf (&yv) tzJG@wGif 'k-OuUtjzpffvnf; wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdkpOfu &yvtzJG@ukd OD;aqmifcJh=uolrsm;rSm OuU OD;cGefapm (yif; w,)/ OD;bZH 'k-OuU/ OD;xGe;f jrifav; (awmif}uD;)- taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;/ OD;xGe;f thH h (anmifa&$)- wJGzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;/ OD;wifat; (&Srf;jynf)- ynma&;rSL;/ OD;xGef;az- jyef=um; a&;rSL;/ OD;a&$tkef;- bma&;rSL;/ ODd; cGefxDd; (yifvHk)- pnf;Hk;a&;rSL; wdk@jzpf=uonf? &Srf;jynf-jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; tzJG@csKyf (&yv). t"du&nf &G,fcsufonff ArmjynfrESifhyl;aygif;+yD; vGwfvyfa&;t&,l&efESifh ya'o&mZfpepf wdkufzsufa&;wdk@yif jzpfonf[k od&SdcJh&onf? AdkvfbZHonf tom;jzLjzLESifh t&yftarmif;aumif;+yD; Oy"dkyfrSmvnf; cHhnm;onf? pum;ajymqdk qufqH&mwGifvnf; odrfarG@El;nHhonf? onf &cdkifol tv,fweff;jy ausmif;q&mrwOD;jzpfaom a':oef;wifESifh tdrfaxmifuscJhonf? wdk@onff awmif}uD;r@Y aexdkifI om;orD;ESpfOD; xGef;um;cJhavonf? t}uD;qHk;rSm orD; rdef;uav;jzpf+yD; ti,frSmrl om;a,musfm;jzpfum cifarmifjzL[lI ac:=uonf? udkcif armifjzLonf &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bJG@&cJholvnf; jzpfonf? olonf 1980 ckESpfw0dkufwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;wGif 0ifa&mufcJh onf? 1986 ckESpf0eff;usifrSm ausmuf*l &yfapmufa'obufwGif jyefvnfwm0ef,l&ef twGuf yefqef; A[kdXmecsKyfrStjyef vrf;c&D;wae&mY tpkd;&ppfwyfESifh rar#mfvifhbJ yufyif;wdk;um wdkufyJGjzpfyGm;cJh+yD; xdkwdkufyJGwGif &JabmfaZmfxGef; (c) cifaarmifjzL usqHk;cJh&avonf? olonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. ygwD0ifwOD;tjzpfESifh usqkH; oGm;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf? . om;orD;ESpfOD;ESifh ZeD;onfwkd@ awmif}uDd;r@Y usef&SdcJhav onf? 1956 ckESpfw0dkufwGif tif;av;a'o anmifa&$e,fbuf AdkvfbZH a&muf aepOfYyif tif;trsdK;om;rsm;. vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tzJG@tpnf;w&yfjzpfonfh tif;OD;pD;tzJG@ ay:aygufae+yD[k a,bk,s rSwfrdaeygonf? twdtusrrSwfrdacs? aemifwGif u|efawmfonf tif;OD;pD;tzJG@wGif EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&; t}uHay;/ ygwDuvmyf pnf;wGif uvmyfpnf;tzJG@0if wODd;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJh&ygonf? 1957 Ad k v f b ZH E S i f h OD ; baqG awG @ qH k a qG ; aEG ; =ujcif ; TESpftwGif; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;rS AdkvfbZHonf zqyvtpdk;&tzJG@. umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; OD;baqGESifh &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; uavmr@ 28

wGif rsufESmcsif;qdkif v#dK@0SufawG@qHk aqG;aEG;cJhygonf? aqG;aEG;=uonfh ta=umif;t&m ESifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk twdtus rod&Sd&yg? a,bk,sod&SdcJh&onfrSm AdkvfbZHtm; vufeufcs tvif;0if&eftwGuf zqyv tpdk;&tzJG@.udk,fpm; OD;baqGu aphpyfaqG; aEG;jcif;om jzpfonf? aqG;aEG;&mwGif jrLqG,jf cif;/ +cdr;f ajcmuftusyuijf cif;/ &mxl;tcGihf f dk ta&;rsm;ay;jcif; ponfh enf;emrsm;vnf; yg&Sdonf[k t=urf;zsif;om od&SdcJh&ygonf? xdkpOfumv AdkvfbZHonf anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'owGif v#dK@0SufpGm aexdkifI ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. vkyfief;wm0effrsm;tm; aqmif&Gufaeonfh tcsdef jzpfonf? TtajctaewGif zqyvtpddk;& onf &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; (MI) wyfrS wyf=uyf}uDd;xGef;pdef (anmifa&$r@ -OD;r@.om;)OD;pD;aom ppfwyfrS wyfpdwf wpdwjf zifh AdvbZH tm; vma&mufqufo,f ac:,lcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? wyfpwEitwl k f G d f S hf Akdvf bZHtwGuf zqyvtpkd;&u ay;ykd@vkdufaom pmwapmifvnf; yg&Sdvm onf? AdkvfbZHonf vma&mufqufoG,fonfh axmufvSrf;a&; wyf=uyf}uD;ESifh twl yJcsypufavSrsm;jzifh anmifa&$r@o@dk vduygom;cJygonf? anmifa&$r@wif axmuf h d f k f G h G vSrf;a&;wyfrS wm0efcHwyfrSL; Adkvf}uD;azjrifh qdkol (Adkvf}uD;azjrifhonf uGefjrLepfygwD OuUocifoef;xGe;f . wlawmf onf[k od&onf?) u apmif}h uKdaeonf? AdvbZHonf k f AdkvfazjrifhESifhtwl ppfwyfrS *spfum;rsm;jzifh uavmr@odk@ qufvufoGm;=uygonf? uavm r@Y OD;baqGESifh vlcsif;awG@um aqG;aEG;=uonf[k od&Sd&onf? 1957 ckESpfrsm;wGif &Srf;jynfe,fY ppfwdkif;[lI r&Sdao;acs? AdkvfrSL;}uD; ode;f wkwO;D pD;aom wyfrsm;om &Saeonf? AdvrL;}uD;ode;f wkwudk xkpOfu wyfrif;[lI f d k fS f d ac:a0:oHk;E_ef;cJh=uvonf? AdkvfbZH oGm;a&mufaqG;aEG;onfrSm tcsdef &ufowWwygwfr# =umygvdrfh rnf? OD;baqGESifh aqG;aEG;+yD;v#if+yD;csif; tif;av;a'okd@ jyefvnf a&muf&Sdvmygonf? tif;av;Y oH;k av;&ufcef@f ae+yD;v#if AdvbZHonf &Jabmfaomif;a&$Eitwl awmvrf; k f S hf c&D;jzifh ytdk0fhtrsdK;om; vGwfajrmuf a&;tzJG@ (ytvz) XmecsKyf&Sd&modk@ c&D;xGufcJh=u jyefonf? xdXmecsKyfwif xdyyi;f acgi;f aqmifEpO;D jzpfaom OD;vSaz (oxH)/ ppfa&;wm0ef k G f kd Sf k cH AkdkvfusefZHkwdk@ESifh aqG;aEG;ygonf? aqG;aEG;=uonfh ta=umif;t&mESifh tcsuf tvuf rsm;tm; twdtusrod&Sd&aomfvnf; a,bk,sod&onfrSm ytvz tzJG@tpnf; taeESifh zqyv tpkd;&xH tvif;r0if&effESifh vufeufrcs&efwdk@yif jzpfygonf? aqG;aEG;yJG+yD;I AdkvfbZHESifh &Jabmfaomif;a&$wdk@ESpfOD;onf awmvrf;twdkif; tif;av;a'oodk@ jyefvm&mY vrf;wae&m ta&mufwGif zqyv tpdk;&wyfrS wyfpk wpku toifhapmifhuae=uonf? xdkwyfpkrS teD;uyff acsmif;ajrmif; ypfcwfI AdkvfbZH usqHk;+yDd; &Jabmfaomif;a&$onf '%f&mjzifh tzrf;cHcJh&onf? onf h a emuf zqyv tpd k ; &onf &S r f ; jynf e ,f a wmif y d k i f ; cd k i f ygwD . 29

e,fajrrsm;jzpfaom (anmifa&$/ pum;/ puG,f/ yifavmif;ESifh aygif;avmif;eef@zm) a'orsm;tm; ppfa&;t& xdk;ppfqifawmhonf? xkd;ppfukd wHjrufpnf;ppfqifa&; (Operation Broom) [k trnfay;xm;onf? Tppfqifa&;onf Armjynf uGefjrLepf ygwD &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;cdkiftm; wpHkw&mtxdemapcJhonf? AdkvfbZHtygt0iff &Jabmf wcsdK@ usqHk;cJh&avonf? 1958 taxG a xG v uf e uf c sr_ E S i f h zqyv tuG J t +yJ 1958 ckESpf rwffvwGif zqyvtpdk;&. trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;aumifpD tpnf;ta0;wck usif;ycJhonf? xdktpnf;ta0;wGif jynfwGif; +idrf0yfydjym;a&; tajctaeESifhpyfvsOf;I wyfrawmfrS tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifjycJhonf? tpD&ifcH pmwGif =oZm&SdEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u tum tuG,fay;xm;onfhtwGuf vlqdk;tawmf rsm;rsm;ukd tm%mydkifrsm; taejzifh Oya't& ta&;r,lEdkifbJ jzpfaeonf[k yg&SdcJhav onf? xdktcsufESifhywfoufI 0eff}uD;csKyfOD;Ekonf azmfjyyg ta&;,lzrf;qD;&rnfh olrsm;tm; jynfxJa&;ESifhppfwyf yl;aygif;+yD; zrf;qD;&ef trdef@xkwfcJhonf? ppfwyfonf ocifwif/ ocifausmf'Gef;wdk@. aemufvdkuf aemufygrsm;tm; zrf;qD;cJh+yD; OD;ausmf+idrf; .aemufvdkufrsm;ukdrl tenf;pkomv#if zrf;qD;cJhonf? xkda=umifh ocifwif/ ocif ausmf'Gef;wdk@Su 'g[m ODd;ausmf +idrf; vuffcsufyif jzpfrnf[k pGyfpJGajymqdk=uygonf? Todk@jzifh zqyvtpdk;&twGif; Ek-wiftkyfpk (oeff@&Sif;) ESifh wnf+rJtkyfpk (aqG-+idrf;) wdk@ ESpfjcrf;uJGoGm;=uonf[k odcJh&avonf? xkd@tjyif &oHk;cef@rSef;ajc aiGpm&if;tm; twnfy&efftwGuf ta&;ay: tm%moHk;+yD; jymef;vdkufonfh ODd;Ek. vkyf&yfudkvnf; rauseyfI wnf+rJ tkyfpkonf ppfwyftiftm;ukd toHk;csum ppfwyfrS tm%modrf;&eff vrf;cif;ay;cJhygonf? OD;Ekonf 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;rS qiff;ay;+yD; AdkvfcsKyf }uDd; ae0iff;udk tdrfapmifhtpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf 1958 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif tm%m v$Jtyfvdkuf&awmhonf? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&. t"duwm0efonf vGwfvyf+yDd; w&m;r#w onfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGukd 6 vtwGif; usif;yay;a&;yif jzpfonf? tm%m& zqyvtpdk;&onf tcsif;csif;tuGJt+yJa=umifh EdkifiHa&;t& tawmfyif txdemavonf? Ttajctaeukd tcGiaumif;,lI rdrw@kd . vufeufuif hf d kd awmfvSefa&;tm; a&S@odk@wGef;wif&ef tcGifhtvrf; aumif;wck jzpfcJhygonf? odk@aomf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tygt0if tjcm;aom vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnff;rsm;onf T tcGifhtvrff;tm; aumiff;pGmtoHk;csEdkifonfh tajctaersdK; r&SdcJhyg? TESpfxJrSmyif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tygt0if wjcm;aom vufeufudkif 30

tzGJ@tpnff;rsm;ESifh vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tajctaersm;onf bufaygif;pHk tcuf tcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifae=u& avonf? xdktajctaewGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD; ae0iff;. tdrfapmifhtpddk;&onf vufeuffudkifawmfvSefa&; tiftm;rsm;tay:Y EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;/ pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;wkd@t& tm;oGefcGefpdkuf wkdufckdufvmygonff? ppfa&;t& ppftiftm;rsm;toH;k y+yD; xd;k ppf}uD;i,frsm;ukd yvkyvmygonf? f EkdifiHa&;t&vnf; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; vufeufcstvif; 0if&ef/ vufeufESifh 'Drdkua&pD vJvS,f&ef aqG;aEG;jcif;/ aphpyfjrLqG,fjcif;/ pD;yGm;a&; tcGifhta&;ay;jcif;rsm; yvkyfvmavonff? jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@/ rGef/ ytdk@0f/ tif; ponfhtzGJ@tpnff;rsm; vufeufcs tvif;0ifoGm;cJh=uonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepffygwDrSvnf; wdk if;/ cdkif/ a'otcsdK@ ESifhtiftm;wcsdK@onfvnff; tvm;wl vufeufcs tvif;0ifoGm;cJh=uygonff? tdrfapmiffhtpdk;&.vufxufY pdwf"mwfppffqifa&;ESifh 0g'jzef@csd a&;wdk@udk vnf; enff;vrf;aaygif;pHkjzifh yvkyfcJhonf? tcsdefusI a&'D,dk cvkwfukdzGihf+yD; jrefrmh toHukd zrf;vdkufv#if toHv$ifhZmwfvrf;rsm;/ aw;oDcsif;rsm;jzifh vufeufcstvif;0if &ef v_H@aqmfoHrsm; =um;=u&rnf jzpfygonf? u|efawmfrSwfrdor# =um;cJh&onfrsm;udk wifjy&v#if vufeuf cs&ef zdwfac:onfh ay:vpDaw;oDcsif;xJwGif armifav; armifav; a&Smifrajy;ygeJ@/ aemifa&;ukdvnf; rr &ifav;rdygw,f? tartdkukd vkkyf udkifau|;arG; armifav;rSS mvnf; wm0ef&Sdygw,f qdkonfh oabmt"dy`m,frsm; yg&SdcJhygonf? xdkaw;oDcsif;ESifhywfouffI u|efawmfwdk@acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfonfh jynfe,f aumfrwD OD;bode;f (c) ocifarmif}uD;u &,farmp&mtjzpfEihf 'Docsi;f [m ige@J rqdif S D k bl;? riff;wdk@ESifhomqdkifw,f? ighemrnffu armif}uDd; [kI ajymcJhzl;avonff? u|efawmfhtjrifrSm xdkaw;oDcsif;tygt0if ta=umif;rsKd;pHka=umifh vufeuff udkifawmfvSefa&; wyfzGJ@rsdK;pHkrS armifav;a&m armif}uD;yg trsm;tjym; vuffeuffcs oGm;=uonffrSm trSefyif jzpfcJhonff? TtcsdefrSpI &Srf;jynffe,f awmiffydkif;cdkifonff ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;onffh tajctae rsm;ESifh &iffqdkifcJh&ayonf?&Srf;jynfe,f awmifykdif;ckdifonf rdrdtzGJ@tpnf; wckwnf; taejzifom &efoukd pwif&ifqi&awmhonf? a'o&Sd ytd@k 0/f tif;ponfh vufeufuif h l f dk f f kd tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf vufeufcs tvif;0ifa&mufoGm;cJh=uay+yDd? &Sr;f jynfe,ff awmifyi;f cdionf (rlv&Sa'oe,fajrrsm;wGi) &JabmftcsKd @tm; f kd k f d f f tiff;av;a'o anmiffa&$e,ffY ajratmufwm0eftjzpf ajymif;ay;cJh&onf? ckdifwyf&Sd vltiftm;tcsKd@udkvnf; ajratmufwyf zGJ@tjzpfESifh ajymif;vJcsxm;ay;cJh&ygonf? aygif;avmif;eef@zma'oukdvnf; wyfukef;/ usnfawmifuef e,fajrrsm;ESifh wquf 31

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u|efawmfonf csufcsif;yif u|Jausmif;om; jzpfoGm;awmhonf? u|Jausmif; om;wOD;taeeSifh u|Jaysmuf&SmyHkawmfZmwfvrf;udk okyfazmfcJh&ygonff? xdk;ppfqifae onfh ppfa=umif;rsm;onf wckESifwck eD;eD;uyfuyf v_yf&Sm;aeonf? vGef;ysHozG,f toGm;tjyef &Sif;vif;a&; vkyfaeonfudk awG@&onff? &Gmrsm;rS &Gmom;tcsKd@onf u|efawmftm; wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf ajymqdk t}uHy =uonff? twifhr&JeJ@/ &Gm0if&GmxGufowdxm;yg ponfwdk@jzpff.? &Gmom;rsm;. ajymqkdcsuftwdkif;yif u|efawmfESifh &efol@ ppfa=umif;rsm;onf oHk;}udrfoHk;cgxufrenf; &Gmt0iftxGursm;wGif wd;k rdqr=d uonf? u|eawmfonf Tod@k jzifh w&Gm0if w&GmxGuf f kH f u|J aysmuf&Smaomfvnff; u|Jvnf;rawG@/ yifrwyfzGJ@. owif;vnff; r&/ uGJoGm;onfh &Jabmfrsm;ESifhvnf; rawG@jzpfaeygonff? Todk@jzifh }uHrd}uH&m pOf;pm;rdonfrSm usnf awmifuef e,fbufokd@qif;+yD; a'ocH &Jabmfrsm;ESifh tquftoG,fy&efyif jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh usnfawmifuefbuf qif;onfhvrf;teD;&Sd awmifus&Gmudk ajcOD;vSnfcJh& jyefonff? &GmxJ csufcsif;r0ifao;bJ awmif,mtvkyfoGm;=urnfh &Gmom;rsm; &GmxJrSxGuftvmudk u|efawmf apmifhaevkdufonff? ESpfem&D cef@r# apmifhaomfvnf; wa,mufwavrS ay:rvmojzifh &GmteD; csOf;uyfcJh&ygonf? &GmxJY xl;jcm;onfh toHAvHrsm; r=um;&I u|efawmfonf &Gm.tpGeftzsm;&Sd tdrfwtdrfudk 0ifvdkufonff? tddrf&Sif a,musfm;wOD;ESifh awG@Iod&Sdvdkonfh owif;rsm;udk ar;jref;&m u bmowiff;rS rxl;yg? vGefcJhonfh ig;&ufcefhu &Gmudk ppfwyfa&mufvmonf? uGefjrLepf awG a&mufrvmbl;vm;[k ar;+yD;jyefoGm;&m 'Daemuf ppfwyf ra&mufao;yg[k ajymjy ygonff? u|efawmfonf Todk@jzifh aus;&Gmvl}uD;. tdrfbufokd@oGm;um &Gmvl}uD; ESifhawG@+yD; tusKd;ta=umif; ajymqdkaqG;aEG;ygonf? qefwjynf ESifh opfom;rD;jcpfwAl;/ qefxnfh&efyvdkif;i,fwvHk; 0,f,lvdkufonff? &Gmvl}uDd;onf aiGa=u;r,lbJ tvSL'ge yvdkufygonf? u|efawmfonf wyfukef;/ usnfawmifuefbuf qiff;onfhvrf;okd@ tjref xGufvmcJhonf? vrf;twdkif; rdepf 20 r# av#muf aecsdefY yif aemufrS tajy; tv$m; vdkufvmaeonfh vlajcoH=um;&I vrf;ab;&Sd csKHykwfxJ 0ifvdkufonf? awmifus&Gm om;wOD;jzpfrSef; odvkduf&onfESifh u|efawmfonf csufcsif; csKHykwfxJrSxGufum vrf; ay: jyefwuf+yD; xddk&Gmom;tm; atmfac:vddkufonf? &Gmom;onff tarmwaumjzifh u|efawmfqD a&mufvm+yD; oluyif pwifI ciffAsm;odyf+yD; uHaumif;w,ff? cifAsm; &GmuxGuf+yD; b,favmufrSr=umao;bl;/ ppfwyfvnf; &GmxJ a&mufvmw,f? &Gm vl}uD;eJ@ &Gmom;awGudk csufjcif;ac:pk+yD; 34

u|aysmuf&mwJh u|ausmif; om;wa,muf 'Dua&mufvmw,f r[kwvm;vd@k ar;awmh J S J kd f &Gmvl}uD;u twwfoaew,fv@kd xif+yD; trSetwdi;f ajymjyvduw,f? 'Dawmh ppfwyff d f k k f f u tckt'Dvl b,fudkoGm;ovJvdk@ ar;awmhwmaygh? &Gmvl}uD;u 'gawmhrodbl; 'Dbuf J uawmxJudk 0ifoGm;wmyJvdk@ v$J+yD;vufndK;xddk; jyvdk ufw,f [k ta=umif;pkH ajymjyygonff? &Gmom;onf ol.tustdwfuyftwGif;rS pmtdwftm; xkwf,lum u|ef awmfhudk ay;vmonf? u|efawmfonf xkd&Gmom;ay;vmonfh pmtdwfudk uref;uwef; azmuf+yD; zwf=unfhvdkufonff? pmwGif u|efawmf.trnfESifh arG;Zmwdr@&Gmwkd@.trnfrsm; yg&Sdovkd rauG; e,fbufY wdkufyGJwckwGif usqHk;oGm;onfh tudk0rf;uGJawmfol tv,fydkif;wdkif;. wdkif; wyfrSL; Adkvf}uD;wdk;atmif ta=umif;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;avonf? ,if;tjyif pma&; ay;vmolonf u|efawmfESifh aqGrsKd;eDd;pyffoljzpfa=umif;ESifh awmwGif;Y qif;&Jiwfjywf+yD; t"dy`m,frJh toufraooifha=umif; tcsdefrDtvif;0ifa&muf&ef yg&Sdygonff? atmuf wGif pma&;ay;oltjzpf Adkvf}uDd;=unffarmif oeu (1) ppfa=umif; (2) [k yg&Sdonf? u|efawmfonf Tay;pmtm; rD;_d@zsufqD;um wyfukef;/ usnf awmifuef bufodk@ &Gmom;udkyg ac:I qif;vmcJhonf? wem&Dr# c&Dd; tuGmta0;ta&mufwGif tarmajz&yfem;vdkuf=uonf? &Gmom;ESifh tusdK;ta=umif; aqG;aEG;ajymqdk=u+yD; ol@ukd &Gmbufokd@ jyefv$wfvdkufonff? u|eawmfonf &Gmom;xHrS rdrw@kd .&Jabmfrsm; owif;tpteudk &&Sconf? f d d hJ Ttpteowif;rsm;t& &Jabmfrsm;&Sdrnfh ae&mokd@ OD;wnfoGm;cJhonf? 'dkif e,f aumfrwD (wdue,faumfrwD) wOD;jzpfonfh &JabmfvaqmifEihf &JabmfwcsK@d tm; aemuf k f S S wae@wGif vlcsif; awG@qHkrd=uayonff? &JabmfvaqmifxrS od&&onfowif;rsm;rSm cdiwyfonf eef@zm e,fbuf S H dS h kf a&mufIae+yD; aemufydkif;wGif owif;tquftoG,f jywfoGm;a=umif;ESifh reD;ra0; awmwGi;f wae&mY OD;av;ode;f (c) ocifarmif}uD;d ESihf q&muGe;f wd@k &Saea=umif;/ wd@k d ESifhtwl &Jabmf (3 - 4) a,mufvnf; twlwuG&Sdaea=umif; wdk@yifjzpfonf? &efol@xdk;ppfonf oJoJrJrJ jyif;xefaeqJ/ rdk;uvnf; oJ}uD;rJ}uD; ae@pOf&uf quf &GmoGef;aeqJ? aygif;avmif;eef@zma'o&Sd aygif;avmif;acsmif;ESifh tjcm;acsmif; i,fajrmif;i,frsm;onfvnf; a&}uD;a&v#H ajrrsm;yifyonftxd rdk;uaumif;ae avonf? u|eawmfonf &Jabmf vSaqmifEihf aqG;aEG;wkiyifum OD;av;ode;f (OD;bode;f ) f S df (c) ocifarmif }uD; (&Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,fygwDaumfrwD)xH pma&;+yD; rdrda&muf&Sdae a=umif; owiff;ydk@wifjy tpD&ifcHvkdufygonff? OD;bodef;/ q&muGef;/ &JabmfxGef;&D/ xGef;=unfESifh xGef;oDwdk@ twl wuG&Sdae 35

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&efolu zrf;qD;um xkdae&mYyif aoewfESifhypfowfvdkufa=umif; =um;odcJh&onf? &Jabmfat;aqmifudkrl tdrftay:xyfrSmyif '%f&mr&&SdbJ zrf;qD;um tdrfatmuf tdrf.+cHpnff;dk;ab;Yyif aoewfjzifh ypfowfvdkuf=uonff? (&JabmfaiG) url reufapmtdyf,mrStx 0rf;oGm;vkdI tdrfomwufae onf? &efolrsm;pwifypfcwfaeonfhtcsdefY tdrfomxJrSmyif &Sdaeonf? tdrfomwHcg; tm; ydwfxm;&mrS jyefIzGifhxm;um wHcg;.axmifhY ykef;aevdkufonf? &efolrsm; qkwfcGmoGm;+yD;aemufwGif at;at; aq;aq;ESifh tdrfomua&m &GmxJuyg xGufvmcJh onf[k ajymjyygonf? u|efawmfonf TwdkufyGJwGif toufraoaomfvnf; tdrfay:rS ckefcscJhpOf u b,fzufvufz0g;onf ajray:axmufrdI rnffonffht&m0wK wckckjzifh xdcdkufrd onfrod/ b,ffbufvufz0g;.tv,fwGif '%f&m&Sdaeonf? xdk'%f&monf ao onftxd ygoGm;rnfh'%f&myg? tvm;wl nmbufwifyg;rSmvnf; ao&mygrnfh ao ewf'%f&mwck txift&Sm; &Sdaeygao;onff? u|eawmfw@kd o;kH OD;onf r+yD;qH;k ao;aom vkyief;wm0efrsm;t& qufvufI f k f tif ; av;a'ood k @ csD w uf = u&ayOD ; rnf ? &J a bmf w if O D ; ES i f h &J a bmf a t;aqmif w k d @ ESpfOD;rSmrlum; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd u|efawmfwkd@tm; v$Jtyfay;um xm0& tem;,l oGm;=uay+yD? olwkd@onf touf&SifoefaecJhpOfu ygwDESifhawmfvSefa&;tm; ausyGefpGm tusKd;ycJh=uavonf? &Jabmfwdk@a&a&at;&GmteD;tem;rSmyJ xm0& tdyfpuftem; ,l=uygawmh-[lI E_wfqufOD;!Gwfum u|efawmfwdk@oHk;OD;onff wdk@ESifh cGJcGmI qufvuffcsDwufcJh=u&jyefonff ? u|efawmfwdk@onf tif;av;a'ookd@ a&muf&SdoGm;=u+yD; OD;av;odef; (OD;b oddef;) wm0efay; rSm=um;csuft& AdkvfykESifh vlcsif;awG@um tajctae t&yf&yftm; wifjytpD&ifcHvdkufonf? a&at;ytdk@0f&Gm wGif rdrdwdk@ 5 a,muftm; vmwdkufonfh &efolwyfonf vG,faumf- rdk;+AJ&Sd ppfwyfrS wyfpkwpkcef@jzpfonf? armfawmfum;jzifh vma&mufI wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf? aygif;avmif;a'obufrS owif;ay;csuft& (ppf wyfcsif; a=u;eef;ESifh qufoG,fta=umif;=um;csuft&) jzpfrnf? owif;vHkcHr_twGuf rnfr#ta&;}uDd;onfqkdonfESifh t+rJwap awmf vSefa&;owd&Sd&ef vdktyfa=umif; Ttjzpftysufu u|efawmfwkd@tm; oifcef;pmay;vkdufjcif; jzpfonf? u|efawmfwkd@ tif;av;a'oa&muf&Sd+yD; oDwif;wygwfcef@t=umwGif jrefrmh toHa&'D,rS toHviom;onfowif;w&yfudk ,ckvkd =um;vdu&onf? owif;t& kd $ hf G h k f (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS OD;bodef;/ q&muGef;ESifh aemufyg 5 OD;tm; Armhwyfrawmf ppfa=umif;wa=umif;rS rnfonfh&uf ( ) wGif oajyukef;&Gm taemufbuf awmifus aus;&Gm. awmifbuf (ryn ) &Sd awmwGif;wae&mY taozrf;qD;&&SdcJhonf) 38

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anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'owGif rlvu anmifa&$r@Y &Jpcef;wckEihf ppfwyfrS S ppfpcef;wckr#avmufom &Sconf? tif;av; t aemufbuf urf;ajcwGif acgiwiaus; d hJ f kd f &GmY pkpcef;&Sd+yD; ta&S@bufurf;ajcrS rdkif;aomuf&GmwGifvnf; pkpcef;wck &Sdae.? ee@fyef&GmwGif &Jpcef;wckESifh tif;aygckef&GmwGif wyfpdwfpcef;wck toDd;oDd;jzef@=uuf ae&m,lxm;=uonf? anmifa&$e,fESifh pum;e,ftpyf&Sd aus;&GmwcsdK@wGif ppfwyfu wdk;csJ@ ae&m ,lvmonf? bDvl;acsmif;ab;&Sd awmifbdkaus;&GmwGif wpk tiftm;jzifh pcef;xdkifum usdKif;cef;}uD;&GmwGifvnf; wpkcsxm;onf? pum;a'orSmvnf; pum;r@Y &Jtiftm; 30 cef@ESifh ppfwyfrS wpkcef@ &Sdae.? u,m;jynfe,f z,fcHkr@ESifh pum;r@t=um;&Sd eef@wkwf&GmY ppfwyfrSwpk ae&m,lxm;onf? azmfjyyg &efol - rdrd taetxm;rsm;ESifh tajctaersm;t& vuf awG@wGif rnfuJhodk@ taumiftxnfazmfrnfukd tav;teufxm; pOf;pm;&ayonf? &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;cdkif aumfrwDonf wydkifwEdkifwdkufyGJwyJGazmf&ef u|efawmhftm; wm0efay;vmonf? ay;tyfvmonfh wm0eftm; wwfpGrf;or# u;pm;&ayrnf? &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;cdkif wyfzJG@wGif wdkufyJGtawG@tuH&Sdonfh wyfom;OD; a&onf tenf;pkom jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh tv,fydkif; Arm jynfwdkif;rS wyfpdwfwpdwf tm; tultnDawmif;cJh&onf? &efolv_yf&Sm;r_ESifh owif;&&Sda&;twGuf udk,fwdkifyif kyfajymif;kyfv$JESifh u;yrf;cJh&onf? wyfwGif;rS oifhavsmfrnfh &JabmfESpfOD;udk a&G; cs,f+yD; owif; axmuf vSrf;a&;wm0ef ay;tyf&onf? Tenf;jzifh owif;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif;udk yvkyfcJh&onf? &moDuvnf; aEG&moD? aEG.tyl&Sdefvnf; jyif;xef/ O=oiSufuvnf; opfyif xufY waumifwnf; wa=umfa=umf wGefusL;aeacsonf? vGrf;armzG,f&m Tor, rSm tif;av;uef. a&jyifvnf; wpwp usOf;ajrmif;vmaeacsonf? u,m;jynfe,f vG,faumfbufudk pD;qif;aeonfh bDvl;acsmif;a&onf pum;e,fbufY 'l;/ aygif&if;r# om &Sdawmhonf? anmifa&$e,f tif;av;uef. ae&mwcsdK@wGif a&rsm; cef;ajcmufvm aeonf? TtcsdefY xdka'oonf v,fwnfI pyg;rsm; pdkufysdK;=uonf? tif;av;rS u,m;jynfe,f vG,faumfoGm; yJhcsdwfpufavSrsm;ESifh dk;dk;avS}uD;rsm;onfvnf; oGm;vm&cufcJum twd'kuQ a&muf=u&csdef jzpfonf? ppfwyfrS wyfpwpkonf awmifw&mY wyfpxm;onf? T&Gmonf tif;av; k kd G JG yHkjyifrsm;teuf wcktjzpf yg0ifonfh&Gm jzpfonf? xdk'm &DyHkjyifu Todk@ qdkacsonf? tavmif;pnforif;vufxufY rif;}uD;onf rdb&m;rsm;ESihf tac|t&Hrsm;yg azmifp=um l k pD;I wdi;f cef; vSnvnfvm&m tif;av;a'ota&mufwif azmifp=umonf awmifpe;f k hf G G wck ESifh+idum azmif&yfI wifaeavonf? xdktcgY tavmif;pnfolrif;onf pdwfqdk; 42

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'k-&Jtkyfpdef0if;tyg t0if 14 a,mufao+yD; 4 OD; aoewf'%f&mjzifh wdkufyJGtwGif; zrf;qD;rdcJhonf? odrf;ydkuf&&Sdonfh vufeufrsm;Y ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf 1 vuf/ dk;dk; pwif; 2 vuf/ eHywf 3 b&if; ( MARK 3 Bren Gun) 1 vuf/ ,l*dkpwif; 2 vuf/ usef dkifz,faoewfrsm;ESifh usnfrsdK;pHk 1000 cef@ odrf;ykkduf &&SdcJhonf? rdrdbufrS wOD;r# usqHk;'%f&m&&Sdjcif; r&Sdacs? aumufpdkuforrsm;onfvnf; xdcdkufr_r&Sd? aoewf oH=um;puyif xGuajy;=uav+yD? wduyonff &mE_e;f jynfatmifjrifaomfvnf; &&Sonfh f k f GJ h d vufeufrsm;rSmrl &Jwyfom;rsm; udkifaqmif=u&onfh vufeufrsm; jzpfI &mE_ef;jynhf auseyfr_r&ay? odk@aomfvnf; &&mESifha&mifh&J=u&avbnf? Armjynftv,fydkif;wdkif; wyfzJG@onf tif;av;a'o a&jyifay:wGif rD; awmuf&ef rD;yGm;rsm;tm; csay;cJonfh rD;yGm;wyfyif jzpfayawmhonf? Twyf.yHy;kd r_jzifh h h tif;av;a&jyifwGif rD;v#HrD;awmufrsm; jzpfapcJh ayonf? &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;cdkif. rD;awmuf wyfzJG@onf rdrde,fajrY xdkodk@pGrf;&nfrsm; jyoEdkifcJhavonf? tif;av;a'o uefa&jyifwGif aEG&moD aEGor,rSmyif rD;yGm;rS rD;awmuf&ef pGrf;aqmifay;cJh=uonfh rD;yGm;ESifhrD;awmufwyf nDaemif ESpfazmfESifhwkd@. pGrf;aqmif csursm;tm; aemufaemifwivnf; tif; av;jynforsm;u trSww& &Sae=uvdrrnf f Gf l f d hf jzpfa=umif; TpmESihf *k%fyrSwfwrf;wiftyfayonf? (2) tawG @ tuH o pf u|efawmfonf tvkyfwm0efrsm; rnfrnf&& r&Sdao;yg? txuftzGJ@ tpnf;rS uHovdkoifhovdk wm0efay;apcdkif;onfudk aqmif&Gufae&onf? vkyfief;Xme vufudkifr&Sdaom tajctaerSm ocifwifxGef;&Sdrnfh &Srf;jynfe,f ygwDaumfrwDHk; pcef;okd@ oGm;a&mufaexdkifae&onf? Tpcef;wGif u|efawmfhenf;wl wm0eftwdtus r&Sdao;aom &JabmfwcsdK@udk awG@&Sd&onf? xdk&Jabmfrsm;xJwGif &Srf;jynfe,f tv,f ydi;f cdiaumfrwD &Jabmfvarmif/ rk&mcdiaumfrwD &Jabmfbarmif (c) pdeaxG;ESihf tjcm; k kf S H G kf f trnfrod&Jabmfrsm; jzpf=uonf? xdkpcef;wGif trsdK;orD;&Jabmf (6 - 7) a,mufr# &Sdae+yD; xdktxJY ocif wifxGef;/ ZeD; a':cifrav;ESifhorD;}uD; 0g0gxGef;wdk@vnf; yg0ifaeonf? pcef;onf ausmuf*la'o&Sd awmifolukef;&GmESifh py,fukef;aus;&Gmrsm;.reD;ra0;Y wnf&Sdygonf? pcef;Y vlOD;a&onf usm;r }uD;i,ftm;vHk; (50) r# &Sdygrnf? pcef;. vHkcHa&;twGuf oD;jcm; tapmifh wyf r&Sdyg? teD;tem;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;rS vli,fvl&G,frsm;onf rdrdwdk@. pdwfqENjzifh ta0;uif;ozG,f wm0ef,l apmifha&Smufay;=uygonf? &efol@owif; &&Sda&;udkvnf; xdk&Gmom;rsm;uyif ulnDaxmufvSrf;ay;=uonf? Tpcef;onf 50

aus;&Gmjynfolrsm;. apmifha&Smuf ulnDr_jzifh aexdkifvmcJhonfrSm ESpf0uf (6 v) eD;yg;r# &SdcJhonf[k qkdygonf? nbufY pcef;vHkcHa&;udk pcef;wGif;&Sd touft&G,f i,f&G,faom &Jabmf rsm;rS vufeufrsm;jzifh uif;apmifh =u&ygonf? wnaewGif ocifwifxGef;onf ol. pm;yGJ (0g;jcrf;rsm;jzifh yvkyfxm;aompm;yG) &Sd&mudk u|efawmfhtm;ac:I aqG;aEG;ygonf? J aqG;aEG;onfhta=umif; t&mrSm Ta'ow0dkufwGif aoewfoHxGuf&ef vdkaeonf? xdkudpPudk cifAsm;yif wm0ef,lapcsifonf? TtwGuf taumiftxnfazmf&efESifh toHk;yEdkif&efwyfonf teD;tem;&Sd tv,fydkif;cdkifwyfzG@J udk toHk;yEdkifygonf? &Jabmf vSarmifEihf &Jabmfbarmifw@kd EpO;D udk xnfoi;f wm0efay;rnf[k qdygonf? xdumvY S S f h G k k &Srf;jynfe,ftv,fydkif; cdkifwyfzGJ@onf vlvufeuftiftm; (30) r#om &Sdygrnf? u|efawmfonf rdrdtxufacgif;aqmifwOD;. wav;wpm; ac:,lwm0efay; onfudk acgif;cgjiif;qefI rjzpfyg? wm0ef,l&ygrnf? odk@aomfvnf; rdrd.pdwfxJwGif tjyeftvSefpOf;pm;aeonfrSm trSefyif jzpfygonf? 1? u|efawmfonf e,fajra'o ru|rf;usifyg? 2? a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifhvnf; odu|rf;&if;ESD;r_ r&Sdao;yg? 3? wm0ef,lOD;pD;&rnfh rdrd.wyfzGJ@onf olpdrf;yrm jzpfaeygonf? 4? twlwuGvkyfudkif&rnfh au'g (2) OD;onfvnf; vlyk*~dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;r_ r&Sd=uao;yg? 5? ypfazmuf&rnfhaoewfoHonf atmifyGJoHjzpf&rnf[k qdkxm;onf? 6? rdrdonf xdktajctaersm;ESifh Ttvkyfwm0efrsm;udk topftqef; ozG,f jzpfaeygonf? ,if;a=umifh xdkwm0efrsm;udk xrf;&Guf& rnfjzpfI u|efawmfonf tenf;i,fr# pdk;&GH@aeygonf? ocifwifxGef;onf ArmjynfzGm; wkwftrsdK;om; (oversea Chinese) wOD;[kod&onf? onf vlr_qufqHa&;wGif trsm;oligESifh rwl/ twk,lzG,f&m aumif;onf? olonf udk,fhudk,fudk ESdrfhcsonf[k qdk&rnf? &Jabmfrsm;ESifh ajymqdkquf qH&mwGif touft&G,ra&G; wm0eftqiftwef;ra&G; tm;vH;k udk cifAsm;u|eawmfjzifh f h f qufqHajymqdkygonf? u|efawmfonf ycHk;ay:Y usa&mufvmonfh tvkyfwm0efukd aqmif&Guf&ef twGuf jyifqifp&mrsm;udk OD;pGm vky&ygrnf? pum;t&mY vG,uoavmuf tvkyYrl f f l f cufcJygonfqdkaom qdkdk;pum;onf vufawG@vkyfief;rsm;twGuf rSefuefayonf? txl;ojzifh ppfa&;ppf&m vkyfief;rsm;wGif ydkIrSefuefrnf[k qdk&ygrnf? ppfyGJ odk@r[kwf wdkufyGJrsm;onf vl.toufaygif;rsm;pGmESifh t&if;tESD;y+yD; vkyfudkif=u&aomvkyfief;rsm;jzpfI xdktvkyfonf wcsufrSm;v#if toufaygif;rsm;pGm 51

qHk;yg;=u&ygonf? ,if;a=umifh trSm; t,Gif; enf;Edkifor#enf;yg;&ef *ky=u&ygonf? ta&S@buf awmifxdyfzsm;ay:wGif ar;wifI xGufjyLvmaeaom aevHk;}uD; onf wpwp eD&Jum . tvif;a&mifonfvnf; 0if;xdef awmufyI awmawmif ae&mtESH@Y jzef@cif;aeygonf? aus;iSufowW0gav;rsm;onfvnf; tkyfpkzGJ@um wae &mrS wae&mudk atmf[pfjrL;wl; ysHoef;um tpm;tpmrsm;yif pm;ae=uygonf? u|efawmfonf t0wftpm;tenf;i,fxnfhxm;aom ppfausmydk;tdwfudk ausmrSmyd;k um / umbdiaoewf udk ycH;k wGif vG,vuygonf? +yD;v#if ocifwifxe;f udk kf f kd f G owif;ydk@E_wfqufum AdkvfvSarmif/ &Jabmfbarmifwdk@ (2) OD;ESifhtwl pcef;rSxGufI c&D;ESic=hJ uygonf? tv,fyi;f cdiwyfz@JG Eihf awG@q&ef cse;f qdxm;aom ausmufq&mESihf f kd k f S kH d k kH G zuf&if;ukef;&Gmrsm;qDudk OD;wnfvm=uygonf? reufydkif; (11; 45) em&DwGif a&muf &Sd=u+yD; xdk&GmYyif reufpmxrif;udk pm;aomuf=uygonf? +yD;v#if (3) OD;om;onf wyfzGJ@&Sdrnfhae&m a&armif;udk oGm;cJh=uonf? a&armif;qd&mrSm a&tm;jzifh ajceif;armif;wHrsm;udk uap+yD; pyg;rS qeftjzpf k vleif;ouJhodk@ axmif;onfudk a&armif;[lI ac:a0:a=umif; od&SdcJh&onf? xdka&armif; rsm;onf a&rsm;&Sdonfh ae&mY a&oG,fajrmif;uav;rsm; wl;&ygonf? wl;xm;aom a&ajrmif;rS a&rsm;udk oG,f,lum opfom;rsm;jzifh yvkyfxm;aom armif;ESifh ajceif; cGufae&mudk a&rsm;usapygonf? Tenf;ESifh vl.ajcaxmufESifh armif;wHtm; eif; ouJhodk@ uvmapygonf? odk@rSom pyg;rS qeftjzpf axmif;I&ygrnf? xdka&armif;rsm; onf oufi,fwJ}uD;rsm;jzifh aqmufvkyfum rdk;vHkavvHkjzifh ae@nrjywf qeftjzpf axmif;=u+yD; tca=u;aiG,lI pD;yGm;jzpf vkyfief;wcktjzpfESifh vkyfudkif=uygonf? wyfzGJ@ tygt0if rdrdwdk@tm;vHk;onf Ta&armif;wJrsm;rSmyif oHk;av; (3 - 4) &uf tcsdef,lI wdkufyGJtwGuf aqG;aEG; jyifqif=uygonf? u|efawmfESifhwyfzGJ@onf ,ckrSyif pwifI rsufeSmcsif;qdkif awG@zl; jrifzl;=ujcif; jzpfonf? vltiftm; (30) r#&Sdonfh TwyfzGJ@wGif &Srf;/ "Ek vlrsdK; vli,ftrsm;pk yg0ifayonf? ArmvlrsdK; tenf;tusOf;r#om yg&Sdavonf? TwyfzGJ@Y ArmvlrsdK; 'k-wyfpdwfrSL;wOD;onf tpdk;&ppfwyfrS ul;ajymif;vmolwOD;[k od&onf? onf ajymqdkqufqH&mY a=u;pm;wyfom;wOD;. kyfoGifjyiftwdkif;yif jzpfonf? olonf ppfa&;t& usef &Jabmfrsm;tay:Y txifao;tjrifao; &Sdaeonf? olomv#if ppftawG@tuH&Sd+yD; &JpGrf;owWdjynfhpHkolwOD;[k aoG;em;xifa&mufaeonfhyHk ay:vGif aeonf? a,bk,stm;jzifh ppfwyf odk@r[kwf vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;wGif wyfwwyf odk@r[kwf wyfzGJ@wzGJ@udk wyfrSL;topf a&muf&Sdvmv#if xdkwyf&Sd wyfom;rsm;onf tuJprf;r_rsm; &Sdwwf=uonf? ,ckvnf; ul;ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL;&Jabmfonf u|efawmfhudk 52

tuJprf;csifyHk ay:aeygonf? jy\emr&Sdyg? EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unfcsufjzifh wdkufyGJ0ifaeonfh awmfvSefa&;ppfonfESifh a=u;pm;wyfom;tawG;tac:&Sdolwdk@. &JpGrf;owWdonf vufawG@wGif rSwfausmufwif=u&ygrnf? u|efawmfwdk@onf v_yf&Sm;&efoltm; &SmazGwdkufcdkuf&ef ausmuf*le,frS taemufbufodk@ csDwufcJh=uygonf? txl;ojzifh ArmjynfrESifh &Srf;jynfe,f. e,fpyf jzpfaom tkef;a=um[Jv,fe,fajrbuf jzpfonf? xdke,fajrY rEWav;r@tajcpdkuf cv& (95) rS wyfpwpkonf uke;f om&Gm wGif ajcuky,l wyfpxm;ygonf? xdwyfptm; k f GJ k k rEWav;r@rS vpOf vukef&ufrsm;wGif &duQmESifhvpmaiGrsm; ydk@ay;&ygonf? Todk@ydk@&mY vHkcHa&;twGuf ppfwyfrS tiftm; (2) pdwfjzifh ydk@aqmifay;onf[k owif;&&Sdxm; ygonf? udkwdkuf&ef &nf&G,fygonf? xdke,fajronf "EktrsdK;om;rsm; rSDwif;aexdkifaom awmawmif xlxyf+yD; toGm;tvmcufcJonfh a'owck jzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@ wyfzGJ@0iftm;vHk;onf rdk;wzGJzGJusaeonfh=um;rSmyif wawmeif; wawmifwufjzifh rdk;a&a&m ac|;rsm;yg vlwdkif;rSm pGwfpdkae=uygonf? rkH&GmcdkifaumfrwD &Jabmfbarmifonf t&yf&Snf+yD; ukd,fcE<m ydefvSDvSI olonf u;pm;um 0g;awmifa0S;wacsmif;tm;udk;jzifh csDwufaeygonf? &if;ESD;aom &Jabmfrsm;u udk usDp,faemufajymif=uygonf? &Jabmfbarmifonf vlysdK}uD; vnf;jzpf+yD; uGr;f vnf;pm;um oGm;vnf;acgojzifh &JabmfawGu ol@ukd 'DwoufwmrSm rdef;r&zdk@ rvG,fyg[lI wrsdK;/ awmif,mckwfEdkifv#if rdef;r&Ekdifonf[kwzHk rsdK;pHkatmif aemuf=uygonf? &Jabmf barmifonf rnfodk@yif aemufajymifapumrl pdwfqdk;jcif;r&Sd/ cifrifI usDp,f=ujcif;omv#ifjzpfonf[k cH,lxm;ol jzpfonf? u|efawmfonf awmifwvHk;wufaepOfrSm rdk;a&a=umifh ajcacsmfum awmif atmufodk@usrnftxd jzpfcJhygonf? wufae&onfh awmifonf txl;yif rwfapmuf vSonf? a&S@udk ajcvSrf;vkdufwkdif; ezl;ESihfajr}uD; *a[quf=urnftxd jzpfygonf? awmifatmufusrnfqdkv#if rnfol rqdk tdk;tom;yif &SmawG@=urnf r[kwfyg? rdrd onf uHaumif;onf[k qd&ayrnf? ycH;k wGiv,xm;aom umbdiaoewfonf ycH;k rS k f G f kf vnf+yD; aoewfajymif;onf ajr}uD;wGifpdkufI aoewf'ifonf &ifbwfudk axmuf xm;ouJhodk@ jzpfonf? Todk@jzifh awmifatmufodk@usroGm;bJ udk,fudkxdef;xm;ovdk jzpfaeygonf? xdka=umifh u|efawmfonf aoab;rS vGwfajrmufcJh&onf[k qdk&ygrnf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf ae0ifzsKd;zstcsdefY ukef;om&Gm. ta&S@ bufteD; a&muf&Sd=uonf? awmif,m vkyfudkifaeonfh a,mufsm;wOD;ukd awG@&Sd&I ac:,lum owif;rsm; ar;jref;&ygonf? bmowif;rS xl;xl;jcm;jcm;r&Sd[kqdkI xdk&Gmom;udk &Gmokd@ jyefv$wf+yD; &Gmol}uD;tm; ac: vm&ef rSm&ygonf? em&D0uf rdepf (30) cef@t=umwGif 53

apv$wfvdkufaom &Gmom;onf wjcm;&Gmom;wOD;ESifhtwl a&muf&Sdvmonf? &Gmom;u &Gmvl}uD; rvdkufvmEdkifa=umif;ESifh tdrfwGif &JwyfzGJ@u vl}uD;wOD;&SdaeI &GmxJrSmvnf; tdrfwdkif;aph &Jom;awG &Sdaeonf[k ajymjyygonf? xdka=umifh u|efawmf wdk@tm;vHk;onfvnf; Tawmif ,mwJteD;. awmpyfwckwGif pcef;cs&yfem;&ef qHk;jzwf=uygonf? &Gmom;ESpfOD;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifI wOD;tm; &Gmudkjyefv$wfum &Gm&Sd &JwyfzGJ@tiftm; tjynfhtpHk avhvm&efESifh usefwOD;onf rdrdwdk@ESifh twl&Sd&ef pDpOf&yg onf? nbuf (9) em&DtcsdefY &Gmudkjyefv$wfvdkufonfh &Gmom;wOD;onf jyefvnf a&muf&Sdvmum olod&SdcJhaom owif;tajctaersm;udk ajymjyygonf? &GmY&Sdonfh &JwyfzGJ@onf TnwGif &GmrSmyif tdyfrnf? vltiftm; (20) r# &Sdrnf? aemufwae@ reufpmpm;+yD; ukef;om&Gmbufokd@ oGm;=uygrnf? vrf;jyrac:bJ wdk@bmom awmif ausmay:&Sd vloGm;vrf;twdkif; oGm;=urnf[k Adkvfvkyfolu ajymonf[k qdkonf? wdk@Y *sDo&D;aoewf[kxif&aom aoewfqkdI wvufESpfvufom awG@&+yD; usefaoewfrsm;onf dkifz,f (rifle) rsm;omjzpfa=umif; oljrifawG@cJh&or#udk ajymjyyg onf? xdkowif;rsm;tay:Y u|efawmfonf AdkvfvSarmif/ &Jabmf barmifwdk@ (2) OD;ESifh aqG;aEG;ndEd_if;ygonf? AdkvfvSarmifonf T&JwyfzGJ@udk xdknYyif &GmxJodk@ 0ifa&mufI wdkufvdkonf? &JabmfbarmifrSmrl wkdufa&;rwdkufa&; csDwHkcswHk jzpfaeyHk ay:onf? tqHk;tjzwfonf &Jabmf cifndKjzpfrnf[k ajymvmonf? u|efawmfhtjrifudk ,ckvdk wifjyygonf? wdkuf&rnfh&efol trsdK;tpm;onf trmpm;r[kwfyg? taysmhpm;&Jwyf jzpfonf? xdka=umifh wdkufoifhonf? odk@aomf &GmxJwGifjzpfI &Gmom;rsm;tm;vHk; uav;i,frsm;ygrusef aoausxdcdkuf=urnf? &Gmom;rsm;onf "m;pmcHrsm; jzpf=u&ygrnf? wdkufyGJonf njzpfI tkyfcsKyfr_ cufcJrnf? tcsdefvnf; =umEdkifonf? tjrwfxuf tH_;ay:rnfjzpfI rwdkufoifh[k wifjyonf? tjyef vrf;c&D;wGif wdkufv#if tbufbufrS tusdK;&Sdrnf[k aqG;aEG;ygonf? rdrdonf 1965 ckESpfcef@u uHcJh&aom udk,fawG@tjzpftysufwckudk pOf;pm; Edkif&ef wifjycJhygonf? odyfr=umao;rDu tif;av; a'oa&jyifwGif wdkufyGJwyGJwdkuf&ef txuftzGJ@tpnf;rS u|efawmhftm; nef=um;aqmf=ocJhygonf? xdkpdwf"mwft& ajrjyifr[kwaom a&jyifrmyif wducu&rnfjzpfI tajctaeESiuunrnfwuyukd f S k f kd f hf kd f D h kd f JG pOf;pm;&onf? ^m%frDor# pOf;pm;&&Sdcsufudk pDrHcsufwcktjzpf a&;qGJwifjycJhonf? 1? tif;a&jyif&Sd &Gmw&GmrS aus;&Gmvl}uD;.tdrfokd@ vufeufudkifwyf tif tm; (40) cef@jzifh yJhcsdwfpufavS (3) pD;jzifh 0ifa&mufygrnf? 2? xdk&Gmvl}uD;udk [efjyzrf;qD;xm;rnf jzpfonf? 54

3? zrf;qD;xm;onfh &Gmvl}uD;udk usyfaiG (3) odef; awmif;rnf? ray;v#if tdrfom;tm;vHk; owfypfrnf? w&GmvHk;udkvnf; rD;d_@rnf[k +cdrf;ajcmufygrnf? 4? Ttajctaersm;udk xdk&GmrS &Gmom; (2 - 3) OD;udk yJhcsdwfpufavSpD;I teD;tem;&Sd tpdk;&pcef; odk@r[kwf &Jpcef;wcktm; owif;ydk@ wdkif=um;apv$wfrnf? 5? owif;t& ppfwyf (odk@r[kwf) &JwyfzGJ@rS tiftm;wpkr# yJhcsdwf pufavSrsm;pD;I vdkufvmrnf? vdkufvmonfhwyfudk &GmESifhreD;ra0; yJhcsdwfpufavSrsm; oGm;aom vrf;.wae&mwGif ae&m,lI wdkufcdkufrnf? 6? tif;av;a&jyifwGif vltrsm;tjym;wufI&aom u|ef;arsm (ac:) 'dkuf odursm; &Sonf? xdtay:rS ae&m,lI wduv#if rkcstvpftidu&rnf? ajrjyifr[kwf k f d k k f k f aom a&jyifjzpfI yJhcsdwfpufavSay:rS &efolrsm;onf vufOD;r_rJhum rdrdwdk@onf rkcs tompD;&rnf? TpDrHcsufudk &Srf;jynfe,f- jynfe,faumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom AdkvfykrSwqifh wifjycJh&m jynfe,faumfrwDrS vufrc/H y,fcscJhonf? ta=umif;rSm vlxktm; "m;pmcH vkyfI wkdufrnfhwdkufyGJonf Edkifvnf;H_;- H_;vnf;H_;rnfh wkdufyGJrsdK;jzpfrnf[k qdkonf? tpdk;&onf Tvkyf&yftay:Y EdkifiHa&;t&/ vlxktay: xm;&Sdonfh uGefjrL epfrsm;.pdwfoabmxm;[lI zGifhcswdkufcdkufvmEdkifonf? xdka=umifh TpDrHcsufudk ty,fcHcJh&jcif; jzpfonf[k &Sif;jyajymqdkcJhygonf? xdktcsdefY &Srf;jynfe,fygwDaumf rwDonf tif;av;a'owGif tpnf; ta0; yvkyfaeonfhtcsdef jzpfonf? u|efawmfu rwkdufa&;tjrifukd ,ckvkd tusKd;ta=umif;ESifh &Sif;jyajymqkd&m tm;vkH;u vufcHoabmwloGm;ygonf? xdkoabmwl nDcsufudk qHk;jzwfcsuftjzpfESifh wyftm; csjyaqG;aEG;onf? wyfom; trsm;pku vufcH=uaomfvnf; a=u;pm;wyfrS ul;ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL; onf vufrcH jiif;qefaeygonf? trsm;pk vufcHxm;+yD;jzpfI rwdkuf&ef twnfycJhonf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf ntdyf&yfem;cJhaom awmif,mcif;ab;rS rdk;rvif; rD tdyf,mrSxum csDwuf=uygonf? awmifajc&Sd &Gmi,fav;rS ukef;om&Gmbuf oGm;onfh vlom;vrf;bufo@kd cswufc=hJ ujcif; jzpfonf? xdvrf;udk rd;k tvif;wGif a&muf G D k &Sd=uum wyftm; vrf;ab; wae&mY tem;,lapygonf? wyfrS oHk;a,muftzGJ@ ESpfzGJ@udk vrf;xdyf wzufwcsufwGif uif;rsm;tjzpf csxm;&onf? u|efawmfESifh AdkvfvSarmifonf xdkvrf;wav#muftm; wdkufuGufae&mrsm; vdkufvH =unfh_ &SmazG =uonf? awmifajc&Gmi,frm ntdyaom &Jwyfz@JG onf xdvrf;twdi;f yif uke;f om&Gmudk S f k k vmrnf jzpfonf? tm;wkdufcdkuf&ef jyifqifaejcif;om jzpf.? TvloGm;vrf;onf awmifausmtwdkif; auG@ywfoGm;&aom awmifay: vrf;av;wckom jzpfonf? vrf;rSm (20) rDwmr#yif us,frnf rxifyg? xdk@xuf 55

ausmfv#if awmifapmufrsm; jzpfaeygonf? xdkvrf;. ab;wzufwcsufrSmvnf; opfyifrsm;onf cyf}uJ}uJ wyifwavom &Sdaeonf? jrufESifhcsHKykwfrsm;rSmvnf; r&Sd oavmufyif jzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh rdrdwyftwGuf rsufuG,f,l&efyif tcuftcJ &Sdonf? em&D0uf rdepf (30) r# tcsdef,l&SmazGaomfvnf; pdwfwdkif;rus jzpfaeygonf? xdkxuftcsdef,lv#if wdkuf&rnfh&efolonf a&muf&SdvmEdkifonf? wdkufyGJvnf; ysuf oGm;Edkifygonf? xdka=umifh tem;,lcdkif;xm;aom rdrdwyfzGJ@udk ac:,lum ae&mcs xm;&ygonf? vrf;.taetxm;t& ab;wzufrS vrf;bufudk rsufESmrlI ae&m,l& onf? vrf;.xdyfwGifvnf; awmifajc&if; &Gmi,fbufrS wufvmrnfudk rsufESmrl+yD; ae&m,l&ygonf? TtzGJ@onf &efoludk pwifypfcwf&rnfhtzGJ@ jzpfouJhodk@ trdef@ay; tzGJ@vnf; jzpfonf? xdktzGJ@Y u|efawmfyg0ifouJhodk@ ul;ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL;vnf; yg0if aponf? olonf yxrwGif yg0if&efjiif;qef.? aemufwGif wyfrSL;.trdef@jzpfI rwwfombJ vdkufemcJh&onf? ydwfqdk@jzwfawmufa&;tzGJ@. wm0efonf &efolrsm; twdkuf cH&onfhtcsdef wGif vmvrf;twdkif; jyefvnfrajy;Edkif&ef ydwfxm;a&; jzpfonf? xdktzGJ@tm; AdkvfvS armifudk wm0ef,laponf? ypfcwf=u&rnfh usnfoGm;vrf;a=umif;rsm;udkvnf; r_yaxG;ap&eftwGuf owfrway;xm;&onf? tzG@J vuf ae&m,lxm;=uonftwdi;f f S f kd h k rdrdwdk@. rsufESm rl&mt&yfudk ypfcwf=u&rnf[lI jzpfonf? &Jabmfbarmifonf vrf;.ab;wzufY ae&m,lxm;onfhtzGJ@wGif yg0ifae onf? wyfzG@J tm;vHk;onf ae&mtoD;oD;,lxm;=u+yD; rdepf (20) cef@t=umwGif &JwyfzG@J wckvHk;onf owfuGif;twGif;udk tm;vHk; a&muf&Sd=u+yD; tpDtpOft& pwifypfcwf& rnfhtzGJ@. a&S@wvHr# ta&mufY pwifypfcwfwdkufyGJpygonf? wdkufyGJonf tprStqHk; tcsdeftm;jzifh (15) rdepfcef@om =um ygrnf? tvpf tidkuf,lI csKHcdk(ambush) wdkufcdkufojzifh Tr#om =umjcif; jzpfonf? a&S@qHk;rS wuf vmonfh &Jom;onf pwifypfcwfcsdefwGif aoewfxdrSefum 0rf;vsm;arSmufESifh ul; ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL;. a&S@wxGmr# tuGmwGif usvmonf? Tonfudk ul;ajymif;onf txdwfwvef@ jzpfoGm;ygonf? TwdkufyGJonf tm;vHk;acsr_ef;EdkifcJhI &efol@xHrS ajcmufvkH; jyL;aoewftyg vufeufrsdK;pHk (17) vufESifh usnfrsdK;pHk (1000) eD;yg;cef@ odrf;ydkuf&&Sdygonf? usefvuf eufrsm;onf wdkufyGtwGif; usnfxdI ysufpD;oGm;=uonf? &Jom; (5) OD;ukd wdkufyGwGif J J aoewf'%f&mjzifh zrf;qD;&rdojzifh aq;ukoay;cJhonf? rdrdwdk@bufrS xdcdkufusqHk; '%f&m vkH;0r&Sdyg? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf &nfrSef;csufatmifjrifI &efolxHrS odrf;ydkuf& 56

&Sdonfh vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;udk xrf;ydk;um atmifyGJ&rsufESmrsm;jzifh jyefvnfcsDwuf cJ=h uygonf? u|eawmfonf ocifwifxe;f .qENtm; jznfqnf;ay;EdicIvnf;aumif;/ f G h k f hJ wyfopfESifh a'oopfwGif tawG@tuHopfESifh &efoludk acsr_ef;EdkifcJhIvnf;aumif;/ udk,fhudk,fudk em;xifaoG;a&mufaeaom a=u;pm;wyfrSul;ajymif;tm; vufawG@ESifh ynmay;EdkifcJhIvnf;aumif; auseyfcJh&ygonf? trsm;&Jabmfrsm;enf;wl u|efawmf onfvnf; yH;&$ifaysmfjrL;pGmjzifh &ifaumhum ausmuf*la'oodk@ jyefvnf csDwufvkduf ygcJhygonf? 1969-70 ck E S p f r sm;u uH cg;oD;cJh&aomtawG@tu twdwfjzpf&yfwdk@onf rnfr#yif tcsdefumv=umjrifhonfjzpfap udk,fwkdif yg0ifywfouf=uaom vlyk*~dKvfwdk@tzkd@ arhaysmufdk; xHk;pH &Sd=urnfrxifyg? wcsdef r[kwfwcsdefwGif jyefvnfowd&wwf=uygrnf? OD;ae0if;acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf tpdk;&vufxufwGif uHawG@cJh&aom u|efawmf.udk,fawG@tjzpftysufwckudk ,ae@txdyif owdw& jzpfaeqJyg? u|efawmf &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; cdkifY wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf umvwGif jzpfygonf? tcsdefY jrefrmh qdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD (rqv) tpdk;&ESifh jynfaxmifpk ytdk@0ftrsdK;om; tzGJ@csKyf (ytrz) wdk@onf v#dK@0SufqufoG,fr_ yvkyfum &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;cdkif uGefjrLepfygwDudk tjywfacsr_ef;&eftwGuf yl;aygif;}uHpnfcJh=uavonf? jynfaxmifpytd@k 0f trsKd ;om;tzG@J csKyf (ytrz) ESiywfoufI tenf;i,f&i;f k hf S vif;vdkonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif ytdk@0fvlrsdK;rsm;onf vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefcJh=uonf? xdkumvY ytdk@0ftrsdK;om; vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (ytvz) trnfESifh zGJ@pnf;I OD;vSaz (oxHk)/ AdkvfusefZkefwdk@ acgif;aqmifv_yf&Sm;cJh=uonf? T (ytvz) tzGJ@onf 1958 ckESpfwGif zqyvtpdk;&tzG@J ESpfjcrf;ruGrDtcsdefY tif;OD;pD;tzG@J ESifhtwl awmif}uD;r@wGif J zqyvtpdk;&xH vufeufcscJh=uonf? 1960 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif tdrfapmifhtpdk;&u taxGaxG ygvDrefa&G; aumufyGJ usif;yay;cJhonf? Ta&G;aumufyGJwGif &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; ytdk@0ftrsdK; om;rsm;aexdkifaom e,fajrrsm;Y jynfaxmifpk ytdk0fh trsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (ytrz) trnfjzifh a&G;aumufyJG0ifcJhygonf? tzGJ@acgif;aqmif OD;vSaz tygt0if trwffae&m oHk;av;ae&m (3-4) udk ta&G;cH&onf[k rSwfrdaeygonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif ppfwyfrS awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtrnfESifh tm%modrf;cJhonf? xdktcsdefwGif &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd vlrsdK;pktrsdK;om;ygwD tzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;. acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh 57

jynfe,ftpdk;& acgif;aqmiftm;vHk;udk zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhygonf? xdktxJwGif (ytrz) tzGJ@rS OD;vSazESifh trwfwcsdK@vnf; yg0ifaeonf? OD;vSaz/ AdkvfusefZkefwdk@ tzrf;cH&onfhaemufY (ytrz) tzGJ@wGif AdkvfpHodef; wm0ef,lacgif;aqmifonf[k a,bk,sem;vnfygonf? AdkvfpHodef;onf ,cif ytdk@0ftrsdK;om;vGwf ajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (ytvz) wGif 1958 ckESpf vufeufcsonfhtcsdeftxd e,fajra'owck. acgif;aqmif wOD;omv#if jzpfonf? rqv tpdk;&ESifh AdkvfusefZkef/ AdkvfpHodef;wdk@. qufqHa&;onf txufY azmfjycJonftwdi;f yif ygw. &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyi;f cdiukd yl;aygi;f acsre;f a&; jzpfonf? h h k D kd k f _ rqvygwD. wGJbuftaxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfaom AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;pdef/ (&yc) wdkif;rSL; AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;wifESifh awmif}uD;cdkif (vtu) OuUX 'k-AdkvfrSL;}uD;pdk;vGifwdk@ onf AdkvfusefZkef/ AdkvfpHodef;wdk@ESifh r=umc%vlcsif;awG@=uI vkyf}uHa&; tpDtpOfrsm; udk aqG;aEG;=uonf[k od&SdcJh&onf? rqvtpdk;&onf AdkvfpHodef;udk uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifhqufqH&mwGif tawG@tuH &SowOD;tjzpfEihf a&S@wef;wif yGxwvmcJonf? onf ytd@k 0trsKd ;om; tusKd ;pD;yGm; d l S J k f h f tjyif vlrsdK;aygif;pHkjynfolrsm;. tusdK;pD;yGm; udkygvdkvm;aom yHkrsdK;jzifh uGefjrLepfrsm; tm; vSnfhpm;&ef zefwD;vmonf? rSm jynfaxmfpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om; tzGJ@csKyf (ytrz) .trnftpm; &Srf; jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (&vvz) trnfopfjzifh tpm; xdk;ajymif;vJcJhygonf? TonfrSm oef;pdef/ oef;wifESifh pdk;vGiftp&Sdonfh ^m%f }uD;&Sif yk*~dKvf}uD;rsm;. t}uHtpnfvnf; yg0ifEdkifygonf? pHodef;onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS jynfe,faumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom Adkvfyk xHodk@ vlv$wfqufoG,fvmonf? xdkodk@qufoG,f&mY pHodef;onf 'kwd,t}udrf xyfrHI vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;w&yf qifE$Jvdkonf[k pmjzifh a&;om;vmygonf? TtwGuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;tygt0if vdktyfonfrsm;udk tul tnDay;yg&efvnf; awmif;qdkvmygonf? pHodef;. Todk@aomawmif;qdkr_ tay:wGif AdkvfykESifh &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; cdkifaumfrwDonf awmfvSefa&;owduif;rJhpGmjzifh tvG,fwul ,Hk=unfvufcHcJh=uygonf? tpGrf;ukefvnf; ulnDtm;ay;cJh=uygonf? xdktcsdefumvwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS 0g&ifhA[dkaumfrwDwOD;jzpf aom ocifwifxGef;onf A[dk.wm0efay;csuft& tif;av;a'owGif a&muf&Sdae onf? Tonfudk rqvygwDtpdk;&ESifh AdkvfpHodef;wdk@ a,bk,stm;jzifh od&Sdrnf[k wGufq&ygonf? pHodef;onf ocifwifxGef;ESifhyg vlcsif;awG@vdkygonf[k xyfqifh awmif;qdkvmonftxd jzpfonf? Tonfudkrl vufrcHbJ jiif;y,fcJh&onf? rolawmfcsif; yl;aygif;}uHonfonfh *VKefESifhrdk;vHk;[def; ppfqifa&;rsm;udk qufwdkfufyvkyfvmygonf? xdkppfqifa&;rsm;twGuf wdkif;rSL; Adkvfoef;wifonf 58

ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;vufatmufcH wyfr/ wyf&if;ESifh ppfAsL[mrSL;rsm;yg0ifaom av;vywf ppfqifa&;tpnf;ta0;udk yvkyfcJhygonf? xdktpnf;ta0;Y Adkvfoef;wifonf atmufygppfa&; pDrHcsufrsm;udk csrSwfonf[k =um;&ygonf? (1) ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD yJcl;dk;rA[dkESifh ta0;a&muf ocifAodef;wifwdk@ qufoG,fr_y&mwGif tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrS ocifwifxGef;onf uGif;quf ozG,f &Sdaeygonf? (2) awmif}uD;0ef;usifytdk@0ftzGJ@u wdk@.v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk *kpdkuf&ef vkdtyf vmygonf? (3) vkyfaqmifoGm;&rnfhenf;emrsm;rSm (u) Auy tv,fydkif;A[dkcGJocifwifxGef;eSifh tiftm;pkrsm;udk tav;xm; acsr_ef;oGm;&ef? (c) ytdk@0facgif;aqmifusefZkefudk zrf;qD;xm;&mrS jyefv$wfay;+yD; wdkif;rSL; udk,fwkdifOD;pD;um usefZkefESifhawG@I tvkyfrsm; vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef jzpfonf? (*) awmif}uD;AsL[monf u,m;jynfe,f&Sd a&mifpHkaomif; usef;olrsm;udk oHvGifjrpfta&S@bufurf;udk armif;ydk@ypf&rnf [laom pDrHcsufyif jzpfonf? pDrHcsufudk tm;vHk;u OD;pm;ay;tjzpf wufupGm vkyfaqmif =u&rnf[k qHk;jzwftwnfy=uonf? *VKefppfqifa&;.OD;wnfcsufonf &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif; cdkif a'otm;vHk; jzpfonf? wyfr 88 rS ppfAsL[m 883 onf anmifa&$e,f tif;av; a'oESifh pum; yifavmif;a'orsm;wGifvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;aom ppfa=umif;rsm;onf aygif;avmif;eef@zm a'orsm;udkvnf;aumif; 0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdk@ &Sif;vif;=uonf? u,m; jynfe,fESifh &Srf;jynfe,ftpyf a'orsm;ESifh yifavmif;e,fawmifbufjcrf;udk wyfr 88 vufatmufcH (pA[) 883 rS ppfa=umif;wcsdK@ESifh ytdk@0fpHodef;. wyfrsm;u vufcsif;,SufI um&efydwfqdk@xm;=uygonf? pA[ 883 . vufatmufcH ppfa=umif;wcsdK@onf aygif;avmif; eef@zma'o udk wyfukef;/ usnfawmifuef/ ysOf;rem;/ a&qif;e,frsm;rS csDwufum 0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdk@ &Sif;vif;=uonf? cv& (7)rS ppfa=umif;wa=umif;onf [J[dk;/ atmifyef;bufrS ncsDwufr_jzifh tif;av; taemufbuf&Sd awmifwef;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;avonf? xdkodk@aom tajctaewGif u|efawmfwdk@tiftm;pkrsm;. tajctaerSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf? ocifwifxGef;ESifh tiftm;pk tcsdK@ onf jynfaxmifpkvrf;r (c) rdwDvm-awmif}uD;oGm; um;vrf;. ajrmufbufjcrf;wGif a&muf&Sdaeonf? aygif;avmif; eef@zma'oY u|ef awmfwdk@. tv,fydkif;Armjynf wdkif;ppfa&;wm0efcHESifh wdkif;aumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom Adkvfatmifjrifh.wyfzGJ@tiftm; 40 cef@wkd@ &Sdaeygonf? AdkvfykESifh &Jabmf 3 - 4 a,mufonf tif;av;taemufbuf&Sd awmifwef;ay:wGif 59

a&muf&Sdv_yf&Sm;aeayonf? &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;cdkif. tiftm;trsm;pkjzpfonfh wHwm;OD;e,fom; wyfcGJrSL;&Jabmfpdk;vGif acgif;aqmifaom tpkonf yifavmif;e,f ta&S@ajrmufbufwGif pHodef;ulnDa&;twGuf a&muf&Sdaeonf? &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;cdkifaumfrwD wOD;jzpf onfh AdkvfatmifxGef; (c) &Jabmf!dk ESifh u|efawmfonf vufeufudkifwyftenf;i,fESifh pum;a'owGif a&muf&aeonf? anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'o taemufbufjcrf; oef; dS awmif ig;ajrmif;e,fwGif trsdK;orD;&Jabmfi,frsm; yg0ifaom pnf;Hk; a&;tzGJ@uav; rsm; v_yf&Sm;ae=uonf? TuJhodk@jyef@}uJI wuGJwjym;pDjzpfaeaom rdrdwdk@.tiftm;pkrsm;onf wzGJ@ ESifhwzGJ@ tquftoG,f r&&Sd=uyg? rdrdwdk@bmom tpktzGJ@rsm;tjzpfESifh &efol. xd;k ppfukd &ifqiae=u&onf? pHoe;f onf xd;k ppf twGi;f Yyif aumufusp,wrmaom kd f d f k f oabmxm;jzifh ytdk@0f trsdK;om;rsm;. ESpfpOfusif;y*k%fyavh&Sdaom ya'o&mZfqef@ usifa&; tcrf;tem;rsm; (rnfonfht}udrfajrmuf[k rrSwfrdawmhyg) usif;ycJhonf? Ttcrf;tem;rsm;udk wufa&mufcsD;jrifh tm;ay;&eftwGuf pmjzifh a'owm0efcHrsm; udk apv$wfI zdwf=um;vmygonf? AdkvfatmifxGef;ESifh u|efawmf&Sd&m pum;a'oudk yifavmif;r@e,fwm0efcH ytdk@0facgif;aqmifwOD; (trnfaumif;pGmrrSwfrdyg) Armpum; a&vnfpGmajymwwfonfh &[ef;vlxGuf bDausmf[ef[k rSwfrdaeygonf? ola&muf&Sd vm+yD; zdwfpmvnf;ay; E_wfjzifhvnf; ajymqdkum zdwfrEWuyygonf? xdktcg AdkvfatmifxGef;onf Tzdwf=um;csuftay:Y dk;om;pGm ,Hk=unfI yifavmif;e,fwm0efcHESifhtwl tcrf;tem;wufa&muf&ef vdkufygoGm;cJhygonf? u|ef awmfonf zdw=f um;jcif;cH&aomfvnf; tenf;i,f aexdiraumif;I vduygjcif; r&Scyg? kf k f d hJ &Jabmftenf;pkESifh usef&pfcJhygonf? AdkvfatmifxGef;xGufoGm;+yD; aemufwae@. vif;tm;}uD;tcsdefwGif usefcJh onfh u|efawmfESifh &Jabmf tenf;pkudk tvpftidkuf,lI wdkfufcdkufvmygonf? wdkuf ckdufvmonfhwyfonf a=u;pm;wyf r[kwfyg? pHodef;.vufa&G;pOfwyfrS tiftm; (60) cef@&Sdrnfh AdkvfrSL;wD;wvHk OD;pD;aomwyf jzpfaeonf? twdkufcH&onfhtcsdefY u|ef awmfESESifh vltiftm; a,musfm; (3) OD;ESifh trsdK;orD;&Jabmfi,f (3) OD;om &Sdonf? trsdK;orD;i,f (3) OD;onf txufwef;ausmif;olav;rsm; jzpfonf? vufeufrSmvnf; u|efawmfudkifxm;aom umbdkifwvufESihf *sDo&D; *sDzdk;wvufpD pkpkaygif; (3) vufom &Sdonf? u|efawmfonf Ttiftm; Tvufeufrsm;jzifh wwfEkdifor# ckcHwkdfufcdkuf+yD; tjrefqkH; qkwfcGmcJh&onf? uHaumif;axmufronf[k qdk&rnf? xdkwdkufyGJwGif u|ef awmfwdk@ tm;vHk; xdcdkuf'%f&m&&Sdjcif; r&Sd=uyg? ab;vGwf&modk@ qkwfcGmEdkifcJ@ygonf? odk@aomf *sDzdk;aoewf udkifaqmifxm;aom&Jabmfonf wdkufyGJae&mrStqkwfwGif 60

vlcsif;uGJoGm;um aemufydkif;Y tzrf;cHvkduf&ygonf? oltm; zrf;qD;aomwyfrSm pHodef;.wyfyif jzpfygonf? AdkvfatmifxGef;onf yifavmif;a'owm0efcHrS OD;pD;usif;yaom ya'o&mZf qef@usifa&; ESpfywfvnftcrf;tem;udk wufa&mufcJhonf? tcrf;tem;t+yD; pum; a'obuftjyef vrf;c&D;wae&mY pHoe;f .wyfz@JG wzG@J rS zrf;qD;jcif;udc&um vufxwf d kH d cwf u;csnfI pHodef;&Sd&modk@ ac:aqmifoGm;=uonf? xkdenf;twl cGJrSL;&Jabmfpdk;vGifOD;pD;aom &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; cdkifwyfzGJ@ (vltiftm; (26) a,mufESifh vufeufrsdK;pHk (26) vufyg&Sd aomwyfzGJ@)onfvnf; yifavmif;e,fwae&mwGif pHodef;wyfESifh twl&SdaepOf a=u;pm;wyfESifhyl;aygif;um vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufcHcJh&onf? xdkwdkufyGJrSmyif &Jabmfpdk;vGiftygt0if wa,mufrusef usqHk;cJh&ayonf? xdkvkyf&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI (&vvz) tzGJ@tpnf;. A[dkxdyfydkif; acgi;f aqmifwOD;u twdtvif; ajAmifqef@usif uef@uuconf[k od&onf? yk*Kd~ vf G f hJ ESifh .ta=umif;rsm;udk tajctaeay;onfhtcgY awmifydkif;cdkif ygwDtaeESifh azmf xkwf *k%fyrSwfwrf;wifoGm;rnfom jzpfygonf? aygif;avmif; eef@zmtajccHa'o&Sd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. tv,fydkif;wdkif; rS Adkvfatmifjrifhonf 1969 ckESpf =o*kwfv (2) &ufae@ wGif usqHk;cJhonf? Adkvfatmif jrifhonf 1949 ckESpf awmrcdkrDumvwGif wyfrawmfwGif Adkvf}uD; (captain) aemuf jynfaxmifpk ppf&Jwyf&if; (Union Military Police UMP) . wyf&if;rSL; jzpfonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif RBA tjzpfESifh awmcdkcJhonf? AdkvfatmifjrifhESifh a&S@aemufqdkovdk Txdk;ppfYyif usqHk;oGm;=uaom tv,fydkif;wdkif;rS Adkvfcifatmif cdkifaumfrwD (DC) ESifh &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;cdkifrS cdiaumfrwD &JabmfaiGoef; (c) Adv!e@f armif (DC) wd@k jzpfonf? tjcm;aom au'gEihf kf k f G S ygwD0iftrsm;tjym;onfvnf; &efolESifhwdkufyGJtvDvDwdkufcdkufI usqHk;oGm;=uyg onf? pHodef;onf AdkvfatmifxGef;tm; rqv ppftm%m&Sifrsm;jzpf=uaom oef;pdef/ oef;wifESifh pdk;vGifwdk@vufodk@ rsufESmvdk rsufESm&ESifh tyfESHcJhonf? Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD. cdkifaumfrwDwOD;udk vuf0,f &&Sd=uI wdk@onf tljrL;0rf;ajrmuf ae=uonf? olwdk@onf &nf&G,fcsufatmifjrifonfhoabmjzifh AdkvfatmifxGef;udk b,fvdkvJuGqdkaom rxDav;pm; t=unfhrsdK;ESifh=unfh+yD; ppfa=uma&;tm; tyfvdkuf=u onf? ppfa=uma&;onf enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh ppfaq;aomfvnf; rnfonfhtcsuftvufr# r&&Sd=uyg? AdkvfatmifxGef;onf ol@tm;owfrnfqdkonfudk &dyfpm;rdaeyg onf? rif; wkd@vlowf rqv tpdk;&[m ig&J@cE<mudk,fukd owfEdkif=urSm jzpfayr,fh igh,Hk=unfcsuf 61

udkawmh b,fvkdrS owfvkd@ &EkdifrSmr[kwfbl; [kqdkum ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD t"Gef@ &Snfygap[k au;a=umfpOfrSmyif aoewfoHrsm; xGufay:vmavonf[k aemifwGif jyef vnf=um;odcJh&ygonf? vif;vufaom =u,fwyGifhonf &J0HhpGmjzifh ajrccJh&aomfvnf; xdk=u,f.tvif;a&mifuawmh tpOfxm0& awmufyvif;xdefaernfom jzpfygonf? AdkvfatmifxGef;onf awmifilr@Zmwdjzpf+yD; ol.rdbrsm;onf a&$yef;wdrf vkyfief; vkyfudkif=uonf? wGif nDtpfudkarmifESr (5) a,muf&Sd+yD; AdkvfatmifxGef; onf t}uD;qHk;om;[k od&onf? i,fpOfumv ausmif;om;b0wGif awmifilr@&Sd u&if trsdK;om; c&pf,mef txufwef;ausmif;Y ynmoif=um;cJhonf? usqHk;csdefY ZeD; a':ykESifh om;orD; (2) OD; wyfukef;r@wGif usef&SdcJhygonf? tif;av;a'o ysm;yifaus;&GmrS touf (20) t&G,f t,frif (armifrif) qdkol vli,fudk uGefjrLepftrmcHausmdk;[k pGyfpGJum ppfwyfrS enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh nOf;qJ owfjzwfjcif;udk cHcJh&onf? xdkvli,fonf at;at; aq;aq; ajymqdkaexdkifwwf+yD; &Gm.tusdK;/ trsm;olig. tusdK;udk aqmif&Gufay;wwfaom vli,fvlaumif;wOD;om jzpfonf? ysm;yif&GmrS &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u t,frifudk owf=uonfholrsm;rSm vlrsm; r[kwf=uyg? tod^m%fuif;rJhaom t[dwfwd&p>mef acG;rsm;om jzpfonf[k a=uuGJ emusnf;pGm a'gorsm;jzifh ajymqdk=uygonf? ol.tudk &Jabmfarmif[def (c) &Jabmfwif armifonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS ygwD0ifau'gwOD; jzpf+yD; onfvnf; ol&J aumif;yDopGm usqHk;oGm;cJhygonf? ysm;yif&GmESifh &GmeD;csif;uyfaeaom oajyyif&Gmtxuf0dkif;rS touf (40) 0ef;usifcef@&Sdrnfh a':!Gef@qdkol tdrfaxmif&SiftrsdK;orD; wOD;udkvnf; uGefjrLepftrmcH Adkvfyk.r,m;i,f[lI dkif;jy,kwfrmpGm r[kwfrw&m;pGyfpGJI ajymqdk+cdrf;ajcmuf =uonf? a':!Gef@onf olr.&GmY uav;/ vl}uD;/ a,musfm;/ rdef;r tm;vHk;uyif av;pm;cspfcif=uonf? olr.cifyGef;onf ukefonfwOD;jzpfI wpHkw&m ypPnf;OpPm&Sdol wOD;vnf; jzpfonf? xdkyk*~dKvfonf tif;jynfolrsm; nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (tynz) . A[dkacgif;aqmifwOD;vnf; jzpfonf? onf T*VKefppfqifa&;Yyif ppfwyf. zrf;qD; r_udkcH&+yD; jrif;+cHaxmifokd@ tydk@cHcJh&ygonf? a':!Gef@wGif om;orD; (3) a,muf&Sd+yD; t}uD;qHk;om;onf tif;av;a'o tif;aygckef txufwef;ausmif;wGif (10) wef; pmar;yGJY *k%fxl; (2) ck &&SdcJhaom ausmif;om;vl&nfc|efwOD; jzpfonf? olonf wuUodkvf qufrwufbJ Armjynf uGef jrLepfygwDacgif;aqmifaom vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;xJ yg0ifcJhonf? onf 1968 ckESpfw0dkufwGif &yfapmufe,f aZmf*sDjrpfab; awmwGif;wae&mY usqHk;oGm;cJhygonf? a':!Gef@.orD;onfvnf; tif;av;a'o [J,m&Gmr tpdk;& txufwef; ausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJhonf? olronf (8) wef;ausmif;olb0wGif xdkausmif;&Sd ausmif;om; 62

v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;Y yg0ifcJhonf? aemuf Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD. vufeufudkifawmf vSefa&;wGif yg0ifqifE$JcJhygonf? &Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,faumfrwDwOD;jzpfonfh Adkvfykonf xdk*VKefppfqifa&; Yyif cv& 7 ppfa=umif;. vufcsufESifh usqHk;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf? ppfa=umif;onf tif;av;a'o taemufbuf&dS awmifa=umrsm;udk &Si;f vif;pOfY awmif,mwJwck &Si;f &m wGif AdkvfykusqHk;cJhjcif; jzpfonf? AdkvfykusqHk;aomae@onf 1969 ckESpf =o*kwfv 22 &uf reuf 1 em&Ddcef@ jzpfonf? cv& 7 ppfa=umif;rSL;onf Adkvfyk.kyftavmif;tm; ppfaq;&mY . tustdwfuyftwGif;rS "mwfyHkwyHk &&SdoGm;ygonf? &&SdoGm;onfh "mwfyHkESifh ywfoufI ppfa=umif;rSL;onf wtHhw=o jzpfoGm;onf[k od&Sd&onf? ta=umif;rl tdwfuyf twGif;Y &&Sdaom"mwfyHkonf jreffrmhwyfrawmf (av) rS wyf=uyfwOD;. avwyf0wf pHkjzifh dkufxm;onfh "mwfyHkjzpfonf? ydkIxl;qeff;tHhzG,f jzpf&onfrSm "mwffyHk&Sifonf Tppfa=umif;rSL;ESifh Adkvfavmif;tywfpOf wckwnf;("mwfykH&Sifonf aemufykdif;Y =unf; wyfAkdvfoifwef;okd@ wufa&mufcJhonf) wufcJhzl;ol jzpfaeygonf? xkd"mwfyHk udpPESifh ywfoufI tqifqifh txufuwifjy=u&mwGif ppf;kH csKyf (War Office) txd a&muf h kd &SdoGm;ygonf? ppfHk;csKyfonf "mwfyHk&Siftygt0if ppfaq;ar;jref;=unfh&mY "mwfyHk&Sif. xGufqkdcsufukdvnf; &&SdcJhygonf? Armhwyfrawmf=unf;wyfrS t&m&SdwOD;. udk,fawG@ tjzpftysufrsm; a&;om;xm;aompmtkyfY "mwfykH&Sif.xGufqkdcsufukd TuJhodk@ azmfjyxm;onf? [kwfygw,ff? Adkvfyku u|efawmfhtazyg? 'gayrJh u|efawmfhtazeJ@taru 'kw,urBmppftwGi;f rSm tdraxmifus+yD; u|eawmfukd arG;w,f? tazu awmfvea&; d f f h S f rSmygaeawmh u|efawmfhudk jyefr=unfhEdkifbl;? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfhta':eJ@ OD;}uD;udk t+yD;arG;pm;zdk@ ay;vdkufw,f? 1945 ckESpfavmufu jzpfr,f? tJ'Dwkef;u u|efawmf 2 ESpfom; 3 ESpfom; aygh? bmrS aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdbl;? ausmif;aeawmh ta':eJ@ OD;}uD;u w&m;0if taztar jzpfoGm;w,f? u|efawmfhudkvnf; w&m;0ifom;tjzpf pmcsKyfpmwrf;eJ@ arG;pm;xm;w,f? 1963 ckESpf +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJGvkyfawmh u|efawmfhtaz ygvmw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm u|efawmf[m avwyfxJ a&mufae+yD? tazu &efukefa&mufawmh u|ef awmhfarG;pm;tazeJ@tarudk vmawG@w,f? u|efawmfhom; b,frSmvJ ar;awmh rif; om;'DrSmav qdk+yD;awmh arG;pm;tazeJ@ taru eH&HrSmcsdwfxm;wJh avwyf0wfpHkeJ@ u|efawmhf"mwfyHkudk xdk;jyvdkufw,f? tJ'Dawmh u|efawmhftazuvnf; tJ'D"mwfyHkudk zwfoGm;owJh? 'gvJ arG;pm;tazeJ@tarajymvdk@ odwmyg? u|efawmfwdk@csif; wcgrS rawG@zl;ygbl;? om;tzqdkayr,fh olvnf; ol,Hk=unfwm olvkyf/ u|efawmfvnf; 63

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rdk;vHk;[def;ppfqifa&; umvwGif wdkufcdkufcJhonfh wdkufyJGjzpfaeI jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@tjzpf pzJG@pnff;pOf umvjzpfonf? wyfzJG@.tiftm;onf rrsm;yg? vl/ vufeuftiftm; onf 40 r#om &Sdygrnf? Twyf zJG@. EdkifiHa&;rSL; &JabmfvSarmifrSm awmifilcdkif/ jzL;r@e,frS jzpf+yD; ol.tpfudk 0rf;uJGonf A[dkaumfrwDtzJG@0if &Jabmfarmifarmifpdef jzpfonf? wyfzJG@.wyfrSL;onf Tpma&;olyif jzpfygonf? tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@wGif ArmjynfzGm; yifv,f&yfjcm; wkwfausmif; om; vli,frsm; yg&Sdonf? Tausmif;om;vli,frsm;onf (1967) ckESpfY wkwfArm ta&;tcif; jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;aemufwGif yg0ifvm =ujcif;jzpfonf? wkd@onf &efukef&Sd eef,eftxufwef;ausmif;ESifh tjcm;aomwkwfausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;vli,frsm; jzpfonf? A[dk XmecJGwyfzJG@onf tiftm; 40 r#om&Sdaomfjim;vnf; vufeufwyfqif r_wGif vlwdkif;eD;yg; atmfwdkrpfwpfaoewfrsm; wyfqifxm;=uonf? txl;ojzifh wkwf D D jynfvyf trf 22 (M22) aoewfrsm;jzpfonf? *so&D;/ *sz;kd (G3, G4) aoewfrsm;vnf; k tenf;pk yg0ifonf? u|efawmftygt0if &Jabmfrsm;onf Tvufeufrsm;udk rawG@ rjrifzl;=uyg? ,ckrl rdrdwdk@. vufwGif;okd@ xdkaoewfrsm; a&muf&Sdaeyg+yD? u|efawmfwdk@wyfzJG@onf tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGwyf[k qdkaomfvnf; trnf emrESifh rvdkufzufatmifyif tiftm;t&mY ao;i,fcsnfheJ@aeonf? xkdwyfzJG@onf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'owGif EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&; 6 voifwef; wufa&mufavhusifhcJh=uonfh wyfjzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh &Jabmfwdkif;onf rdrdwdk@oif=um;xm;aom pmawG@ oabm w&m;rsm;udk vufawG@ppfajrjyifwGif jyousifhoHk;vdk=uygonf? wenf;tm;jzifh Twyf zGJ@onf vltiftm;t& csnfheJ@ao;i,faomfvnf; pdwf"mwfa&;&mwGif jrifhrm;aom wyfzJG@i,f jzpfaeygonf? wyfzJG@.EdkifiHa&;rSL;onf wyfzJG@ESifhtwlr&Sdyg? tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecJG wm0efcH ocifwifxGef;ac:I wm0efay;xm;onf? wyfzJG@wGif u|efawmfESifh 'k-wyfrSL; &Jabmf0if;aqGwdk@omv#if &Sdaeonf? u|efawmfwdk@wyfzJG@onf ausmuf*laemifvHkESifh aemif0dk; rdkif;,Gif;a'orsm;wGif vSnfhvnfv_yf&Sm; vlxkpnf;Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif &Gufaeonf? xdkumvrSm yif rqv ppftm%m&Siftpdk;&onf Te,fajra'orsm;udk ppfa&;t& xdk;ppf}uDd;w&yf qifE$Jvmygonf? xdk;ppfonf rdk;vHk;[def;ppfqifa&;. tqifhrsm;jzpfrnf[k ,lq&onf? ausmuf*laemifvHka'oESifh aemif0dk; rdkif;,Gif; rdkif;vef; paom a'orsm;udk wyfr 88 vufatmufcH wyf&if; wyfzJG@rsm;rS ppfa=umif;rsm;onf 0ifa&muf&Sif;vif;avonf? xdkppf a=umif;rsm;udk OD;pD;uGyfuJolonf 'k-AdkvfrSL;}uD; armifarmifcif jzpfonf? u|efawmfrSwfrdoavmufqkdv#if xdkarmifarmifcifonf kyf&Sifrif;orD; tu,f'rD cifoef;Ek. yxrcifyGef;onf jzpfonf[k =um;odcJh&onf? 69

aemifaomtcg olonf wkwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmEdkifiH. ppfoHrSL;wOD; tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJholjzpfonf? a&S@wef;uGyfuJa&;rSL; armifarmifcifonf ausmuf*le,fokd@a&muf&Sdum wyf&if;wyfzJG@ppf a=umif;rsm;udk aemifcsdKa'oESifh aemifvHk a'o.'kXm0wDjrpfurf;wav#muf ydwfqdk@&Sif;vif;ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@A[dkXmecJGwyfzJG@onf ausmuf*le,fbufudk0ifum vHk0,f aus; &GmteD; awmwGif;wae&mY wyfudkazsmufxm;cJhonf? ocifwifxGef;wdk@ A[dkXmecJG tpkonf ausmuf*le,fawmifbufjcrf; tifawmausmuf*loGm; um;vrf;. taemuf bufY TumvwGif &Sdaeygonf? ,if;umv. &ycwdkif;rSL;onf AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;wifjzpf+yD; onf wyfr 88 wyfrrSL;tjzpfrS ajymif;vmol jzpfonf? Akdvfoef;wifonf rdrdudk,fukd,frd rd AD,uferfppfyumvu tar&duefwyfrsm;.AdvcsKyf 0Dvs0ufpr;kd vif; (Willian WestGJ k f H f moreland) *dkufrsdK;eJ@ a&mufvm onf[k ajymqdkoHoJhoJh =um;cJhzl;ygonf? tar&d uefe,fcsJ@orm;onf AD,uferfEdkifiHtm; usL;ausmfppfqifcJh&mwGif vufeuf/ aiGa=u; tiftm;rsm;ESifh acwfrDtwwfynmrsm;udkyg pkyHtoHk;yI wdkufcdkufjcif; jzpfonf? xdkppfyJGwGif AD,uferfjynfolrsm;onf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_/ ZJGowWdjynfh0r_/ wdkif;jynftm; cspfjrwfEdkf;r_wdk@ESifh w&m;aom ckcHppfudk qifE$J=ujcif;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh tar&duefwdk@ . usL;ausmfa&;ppfonf 0ufpfrdk;vif;tygt0if tar&duef ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsm; cGufcGuf vefatmif _H;edrfh+yD; zif"m;&rf; ajy;=u&aom ppfyJGjzpfygonf? xdkodk@aom tajctae rsdK;rSmyif 0ufpfrdk;vif;u u|efawmfhudk vlawGxyfay;yg? vlrsm;rsm; ay;v#if tvkyfrsm; rsm; vkyfEdkifonf[k qkdaeao;onf? 0ufpfrdk;vif;um; aoonftxd 0rf;oGm;r&yf onfhol[kyif qdk&ygrnf? u|eawmfw@kd A[dXmecJwyfz@GJ onf &Jabmfwi;f Y ausmyd;k tdwrsm;wGif uwkwf f k G kd f usif;rsm; wl;&eftwGuf a'ovkyf vufw0g;r# tjym;&Sdaom wl&Gif;jym;uav;rsm; yg&Sd=uonf? Twl&Gif;jym;uav;rsm;jzifh vdktyfv#if uwkwfusif;rsm;udk wl;=uygonf? xdkwl&Gif;jym;. vufudkifdk;udkvnf; awG@&Sdonfhopfudkif; odk@r[kwf 0g;udkif;rsm;jzifh tvG,fwul yvkyfEdkifygonf? rdrdwdk@wyfzJG@onf a&muf&Sdonfh ae&mrsm;wGif ppfa&; t& ta&;}uD;v#if }uD;ovdk cHuwkwfusif;rsm; wl;I wyfcsae&m,l aexdkif=u avh&Sdyg onf? xdk;ppfqifvmonfh &efolwyfrsm;onf ausmuf*le,fY 0ifa&mufvm=u&mwGif xdk;ppf.tpydkif;jzpfIvm; rajymwwfyg? tawmftxiftjrifao;onfhyHk ay:vGifaeyg onf? txl;ojzifh wyfpktiftm;txd tvSrf;a0;a0; wyfrsm;jzef@cJGum v_yf&Sm;jcif; jzpfonf? TonfrSm u|efawmfwdk@vdk ajymufusm;wyfzJG@i,frsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf; aumiff; wck[k qdk&ygrnf? &efolrsm; txiftjrifao;jcif;onf wdk@.ppfa&; owd uif;rJhjcif;om jzpfonf? 70

azaz:0g&Dv. w&ufaomae@wae@Y u|efawmfwdk@wyfzJG@ESifh tvSrf;ra0; onfh vHk0,f&Gmudk &efolppfwyfwwyf a&muf&Sdvma=umif; T&GmrS &Gmom; 2 ODd;u owif;vma&mufay;ydk@onf? &Gmom; 2 OD;. ajymjycsufrsm;t& a&muf&Sdvmonfh ppfwyfonf ausmuf*l wyfpcef; bufrS vmjcif;jzpfonf? TnY &GmrSmyif tdyfrnf[k ajymonf? wyf.tiftm;onf odyfrrsm;yg/ tm;vHk;&Sdu vltpdwfoHk;q,f vGefa&m u|Ha&m &Sdrnf? wdk@onf aemufwae@reufapm xrif;pm;+yD;csdefwGif ausmufqHk&Gm bufudk oGm;rnf[k Adkvfjzpfolu &Gmvl}uD;udk ajymjyaeonf? ausmufqHk&Gmbuf oGm;rnhf vloGm;vrf;udkvnf; ar;jref;aeI vrf;jyac:rnhfyHk r&Sdyg ponfwdk@jzpfonf? u|efawmfonf owif;vmydk@onfh &Gmom; 2 OD;tm; nbufwGif xyfrHI owif;ydk@&ef aqG;aEG;rSm=um;um rdrdwdk@onf TteD;w0dkufwGif &Sdaernfjzpfa=umif; udkvnf; ajymjyvdkufonf? xdk@tjyif wjcm;&Gmom;rsm; rod&Sd&ef aqG;aEG;I wdk@udk jyefv$wfvdkufonf? nbuf 8 em&Dcef@wGif T&Gmom; 2 OD; xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmum owif;rsm;udk ajymjyygonf? wdk@ajymjyonfh owif;rsm;t&qdkv#if &GmY ntdyf onfh ppfwyfonf trSefyif ausmufqHk&Gmudk oGm;=urnfjzpfonf? &Gmom; vrf;jyrac: bJ wdk@bmom oGm;rnf[k od&Sd&onf? rdrdonf owif;vmydk@onfh &Gmom; 2 OD; jyefoGm;=u+yD;aemuf csufcsif;yif wyftm; toifjh yifqifci;f +yD; ausmufq&mbufom;aom vlom;vrf;&S&mudk ajymif;a&$@ kd kH G G G d cJh=uonf? xdkvloGm;vrf;onf awm vrf;jzpfI awmiftqif;twufrsm; tenf; tusOf;om &Sdonf? vHk0,f&GmY ntdyfaom &efol@wyfonf Tvrf;rSyif vmrnfjzpf I csHKcdkwdkufcdkuf&ef jyifqif&ygawmhonf? a=u;pm;wyfrsm; csDwufoGm;vm=u&mY vkyfavhvkyfx&SdonfrSm csDwuf oGm;vmrnfh vrf;. 0J,mab;ESpfzufudk wyfjzef@I &Sif;vif;avh&Sdonf? odk@jzpfI vrf; ab;ESpfzufwGif opfyifcsHKykwfrsm; uif;&Sif;&ef vdkrnf? odk@rSom vrf;tm; &Sif;vif; &efrvdkbJ oHo,uif;pGmjzifh csDwuf =uayvdrfhrnf? odk@jzpfI u|efawmfonf rsufuG,f usnfuG,f uif;&Sif;rnfh vrf;.tydkif;udk t"duxm; a&G;cs,f&onf? rdrdwyf ae&m,l wdkufcdkuf&rnfh taetxm;onfvnf; xdktwkdif;om jzpf&ygrnf? &efolrsm; csDwufvmrnfhbufonf wdkufuGuf. a&S@qHk;xdyfOD; jzpfayvdrfh rnf? Ttydkif;wGif rdrdwyfrS vdktyfrnfh tiftm;udkoHk;I ykZGefvufruJhodk@ [xm;um jzef@um;+yD; ae&m,lxm;&rnf? TonfrSm csDwufvmonfh &efolrsm;u tu,fI vrf;.ab; 0J,m&Sif;vif;r_rsm; yvkyfvmv#if umuG,fEkdifap&ef }uKdwifjyifqifonfh oabmyif jzpf onf? tu,fI &Sif;vif;jcif; ryv#if xdk&efoltm;vHk; wa,mufrusef wdkufuGuftwGif; 0if+yD;v#if TykZGefvufronf kwfcsnf;yifyl;nyf vkduf&rnf jzpfygonf? wenf;tm;jzifh zGifhxm;aomwHcg;udk jyefvnf ydwfxm;jcif; jzpfonf? 71

vloGm;vrf;. ab;wzufwGif rdrdwyf. tiftm;trsm;pkonf vrf;bufudk rsufESmrlI ae&m,l&rnf? rsufuG,fusnfuG,frsm; r&Sdonfh twGuf uwkwfusif;rsm; wl;&ygrnf? &efolrsm; vrf;twdkif; csDwufvm v#if ab;wdkuftaetxm;ESifh ypfcwfacs r_ef;&ef jzpfonf? wdkufuGuftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmonfh &efolrsm;udk pwifypfcwf &rnfhtzJG@onf wdkufuGuf.xdyfOD;ydkif; tzJG@jzpfonf? jzwfawmufydwfqdk@a&;tzJG@rSmrl ausmufqHk&Gmokd@ oGm;aomvrf;. oifhawmfrnfhtydkif;wGif ae&m,l&rnf? TonfrSm u|efawmfwdk@pDpOfxm;onfh &efoltm; acsr_ef;wdkufcdkufrnfh csHLcdkvrf;jzwfwdkufyJG. a,bk,syHk=urf; taetxm; jzpfonf? TyHk=urf;udk rdrdwyftm;vnf; ajryHkrsm; yvkyfI tcsdef,l &Sif;vif;jyocJhonf? azaz:0g&D v . ae@wae@Y a[refaqmif;&moD. vwvyif jzpfygonf? aqmif;tukef aEGtul; aygif;ul;wHwm;cif;ay;rnfh v [kvnf; qdkEdkifygonf? xdkv. wae@aomeHeufcif; 8 em&DtcsdefwGif ta&S@wcGifrS vif;a&mifjcnfonf ESif;r_efawG=um;rS wdk;a0S@um xGufjyL &eftm;,laeygonf? ajrmufbuf t&yfrS wdkufcwfvmaom aqmif;avat;uvnf; at;jrvSonf? xdavEkat;a=umifh xif;SL;&Gursm;onfvnf; w&S&jJS zifjh rnfum ,dr;f EG@J k f J jrL;wl;ae=uygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ wyfzJG@.wyfzJG@0ifrsm;tm;vHk;onf &efoltvmudk iHhvifhum toifhae&m,lxm;=uonf? 0eff;usifwckvHk;onf avwdk;oH opf&Gufrsm;v_yfoHrSty tm;vHk; wdwfqdwf+idrfouf tdyfarmusae=u ygonf? aus;iSufowW0gav;rsm;. toH AvHrsm;ukdyif =um;rvmyg? olwkd@onfvnf; wdkufyJGjzpfrnfudk &dyfpm;rdaeovm;[k qd&ygrnf? u|eawmfw@kd &abmfrsm;onf uwkwusi;f rsm;xJY rdrw@kd wOD;csi;f udiaqmif k f J f d kf xm;=uonfh vufeufrsm;udk toifhtaetxm;ESifhvnf;aumif;/ wkwfjynfvkyf vufudkifvufypfAHk;rsm;.tzHk;rsm;ukd zGifhukdifxm;Ivnf;aumif; tm;vHk;toifhjzpf ae=uonf? qdwf+idrftdyfarmusaeaom ywf0ef;usifwckvHk;udk v_yfIE_d;ovdk &efolrsm; . ppfzdeyfoH rsm; =um;vmae&onf? &efolwdk@onf u|efawmfwdk@ apmifhaeaom wdkuf uGutwGi;f udk wa,muf+yD;wa,muf/ wzJ@G +yD;wzJ@G a&S@aemufwef;f um us;D uef;awmif; f arSmuf 0ifa&mufvmaeygonf? aemufqHk;wzJG@ aemufqHk; wa,muf a&S@odk@ajctvSrf; wGif atmfwdkaoewfoHrsm;ESifh vufypf AHk;oHrsm;onf rdk;xuftmum okd@dkufcwfjrnf [def;rwwf rdk;csKef;ovdk wawmvHk; qlnHoGm;ygawmhonf? tcsdeftm;jzifh r=umvdkufyg? 15 rdepfcef@t=umrSmyif aoewfoH AHk;oH tm;vHk;&yfoGm;um &efolrsm;. nnf;oHnLoHrsm; =um;ae&onf? wdkufyJGcGif &Sif;vif; &mY &efol@tavmif; 22 avmif;/ '%f&mjzifh zrf;rdol 4 ODd; pkpkaygif; 26 OD; &Sdonf? 72

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u|efawmfonf ygvmonfh &Jabmf 4 a,mufESifhtwl aZmf*sDjzpfbufudk jyefqif;vm&yg onf? ocifwifxGef;wdk@&Sdonfh ae&mESifh rdepf 50 cef@tuGmwGif OD;jrrif; (cdkifaumf rwD) ESifh &Jabmf 3 a,mufwkd@onf pceff;axmuftjzpf &Sdaeygonf? u|efawmfonf Tpcef;axmufudk a&muf&Sdum OD;jrrif;uddk tusdK;ta=umif; ajymjy&ygonf? xdkrS aZmf*sDjrpfbufokd@ qif;vmcJhygonf? aZmf*sDjrpfESifh OD;jrrif;.pcef;onf rdepf 40 r# &Srnf[k xif&ygonf? pcef;axmuf.wm0efonf teD;qH;k &Gmjzpfaom wem &Dausmc&D; d f tuGmta0;&Sd acsmif;i,f&GmESifh qufoG,f&efESifh &duQmrsm; 0,f,l&ef jzpfonf? u|efawmfonf &Jabmf 4 a,mufESifhtwl aZmf*sDjrpfurf;wav#mufudk ajc&mvuf&mrsm; vdkufvH=unfh_ygonf? aZmf*sDjrpfonf ta&S@rStaemufodk@ a&pD;I jrpf.ajrmufzufurf;udk jzwfonfhwae&mY jrpfurf;ab; ausmufwHk;i,fwckay:wGif nyfzdeyf 2 &H wifxm;onfudk awG@&Sd&ygonf? xdkteD;0ef;usifrSmvnf; &efolrsm;. ppfzdeyfajc&mrsm; awG@&Sd&onf? u|efawmfESifh &Jabmf 4 a,mufonf pufwifbm 8 &ufae@ rdk;vif;onfhtcsdefwGif OD;jrrif;&Sdonfh pcef;uddk jyefa&muf=uonf? TrSmyif reufpmxrif;pm;I u|efawmfonf OD;jrrif;udk tajctaersm; ajymjy&ygonf? xdk tajctaeudkvnf; ocifwifxGef;od&Sd&ef pma&;I &JabmfwOD;ukd uv$wfygonf? pmoGm;ydk@ onhf&Jabmfonf pceff;axmufudk tjrefyJjyefa&mufvm+yD; ocifwifxGef; a&;ay;vmaompmudk ay;ygonf? xdkpmwGif u|efawmfhudk tjrefwufvmzkd@ a&;xm; onf? u|efawmf onf &Jabmf 4 a,mufESifhtwl ocifwifxGef;xHokd@ tjrefyifwuf oGm;ygonf? ocifwifxGef;&Sdaom awmifa=umay:wufrnftywGif aoewfoHrsm;/ ESpfvufrpdefajymif;oHrsm;onf qlnHaeonf? xdktcsdefonf 1970 ckESpf pufwifbm 8 &uf reuf 10 ; 30 em&D tcsdefjzpfygonf? u|eawmfonf aoewforsm; p=um;&onfae&m awmifajcYyif xdiI tajc f H h kf taeud k em;axmif t uJ c wf a eygonf ? 10 rd e pf c ef @ t=umwG i f aoewf o H r sm; usIvmonf? xdtcseY wduytwGi;f rS ajy;vmaom &Sr;f vlrsKd ;&Jabmfav; tduarmif J k d f k f GJ k f onf u|efawmfwdk@xH a&muf&Sdvmonf? ESifh ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif trsdK;orD;&Jabmfcif (rcif) onfvnf; ESpfvufrpdefajymif;qH xdrSefI aygifwGif'%f&m tenf;i,f&um a&muf&vmygonf? tvm;wl &Jabmfvaomif;vnf; wduyrS vGwajrmufI ausmuf dS S k f GJ f *le,fbufodk@ a&muf&SdoGm;ygonf? u|efawmfonf Tae&mrS aoewfoHrsm; r=um; &onftxd em&D0ufausmfr# apmifhygonf? rnfolwOD;wa,mufr# a&muf&Sdvmjcif; r&SdI xdkae&mrS pGef@cGm&ef &Jabmfrsm;u owday;vmI u|efawmfonf rpGef@csifpGef@ csifjzifh ODd;jrrif; pcef;bufudk jyefvnfxGufcGmcJhygonf? ocifwifxGef;ESifh &Jabmfrsm;. uH=urRmonfvnf;aumif;/ awmifolukef;&Gm 78

om;}uD; OD;av;qdkif;ESifh .orD;i,fwkd@. a&S@a&;uH=urRmonfvnf;aumif; rnfodk@ &Sd=urnfudk awG;awmpOf;pm;&if; u|efawmf. acgif;xJwGif v_dif;xefaeygonf? Todk@jzifh u|efawmfonf OD;jrrif;ESifh acgif;csif;qdkif&ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk; A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@ &Sd&modk@ qkwfcGm&ef qHk;jzwfygonf? Adkvfoef;wifonf &Srf;jynfe,fta&S@ydkif; wdkifrSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jrpf0 u|ef;ay:a'o ppfwdkif;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ yJcl;wdkif; ppfwdkif;rSL;ESifh ppfqifa&;rSL;}uD; tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygonf? xdkumvrsm;wGif olonf jzwf 4 jzwf ppfenf;AsL[mudk csrSwf usifhoHk;cJhol jzpfa=umif;udk a&;om;onfh ukd,fawG@ jzpf&yf rsm; ppfqif a&;+yD; ppfqifa&; pmtkyfwGif awG@&Sd&ygonf? onf xdkppfenf;AsL[m rsm; ta=umif;udkvnf; ,ckuJhodk@ *k%f,l0ifhum;pGm a&;om;xm;jyefonf? (1) a&mifpHkaomif;usef;olwdk@. trmcHrsm;tm; azmfxkwfjcif;? (2) &duQmydwfqdk@jcif;? (3) qufa=u;rsm;jzwfjcif;? (4) aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd aomif;usef;olqef@usifa&;tzJG@rsm;/ wyfrawmfESifh jynfolrsm;t&Sdefa=umifh a&mifpHkaomif;usef;olrsm; vufeufcsvm& onf? pmtkyf.wae&mY Auy wdk@onf Armjynfaemufydkif;ESifh &Srf;jynfe,f rSwqifh wzufEdkifiH uGefjrLepfrsm; v_yf&Sm;r_jzifh qufpyftultnD&,l&ef pdwful;,Of &nf&G,fxm;=uonf? ,if;a=umifh Auy 500 ausmf/ &Srf;aomif;usef;ol 300 ausmf/ ytdk@0faomif;usef;ol 200 ausmf odrf;oGif;um wzufEdkifiHodk@v$wf+yD; oifweff;wuf vufeuf wyfqifcJhygonf? xdktiftm;jzifh &Srf;jynfudk odrf;ydkufEdkif&ef jzpfonf? rS &Srf;jynfudk r[mAsL[m tajccHpcef;tjzpf owfrSwf+yD; xdkif;EdkifiHESifh vmtdkEdkifiH&Sd uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh qufoG,fr_,lI jrefrmEdkifiHjynfrudk xdk;azmuf=urnfjzpfonf? ,if;&nf&G,fcsufjzifh A[dkaumfrwD0if ocifwifxGef;udk &Srf;jynfe,f awmif }uD;cdkifrS tifawm/ ausmuf*la'owGif AuyA[dkcJG zJG@pnf;cJhonf? &Srf;jynfA[dkcJGudk cdkifoHk;ckcJGI ajrmufydkif;cdkifwm0efcH Adkvfusifarmif/ tv,fydkif;cdkifwm0efcH Adkvfpdk; armifESifh awmifydkif;cdkifwm0efcH Adkvfykwdk@udk wm0efay;ygonf? pma&;ol wdkif;rSL; wm0efxrf;aqmifpOfu Adkvfpdk;armifudkvnf;aumif;/ awmifydkif;cdkifjzpfonfh tif;av; a'oESifh aygif;avmif;a'owm0efcH AdkvfykESifh Adkvfatmifjrifhwdk@ ESpfOD;ukdvnf;aumif; taozrf;qD;&&SdcJhonf? tjyif A[dkaumfrwD0if ocifwifxGef;tm; &Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;cdkif tifawm ausmuf*la'o wGif (pma&;ol) wdkif;rSL;udk,fwdkif OD;aqmif+yD; wa,muf r usef &S i f ; vif ; cJ h + yD ; jzpf o nf ? jrpf 0 u|ef ; ay:a'o&S d a&mif p H k a omif ; usef;olrsm;udkvnf; tjrpfvSef acsr_ef;EdkifcJhonf? yJcl;dk;r}uD;udk &efolwa,mufrS 79

ruse& atmif(wwdi;f vH;k tjzLa&mifjzpfatmif) xd;k ppfAsL[mrsm;tm;oH;k I atmifjrifpm f k G aqmif&GufcJhonf? [k tao;pdwf 0ifhum;pGm a&;om;xm;onfudkvnf; awG@&Sd&yg onf? Adkvfoef;wif a&;om;xm;ovdk yJcl;dk;r Auy A[dkESifh &Srf;jynfe,f A[dkcJG/ jrpf0u|ef;ay:wdkif; ponfhtiftm;rsm; ausyef;cJh=u&onfrSm Adkvfoef;wif. ppfpGrf; &nfwckwnf;a=umifh r[kwfyg? wjcm;aom ta=umif;rsm;vnf; &Sdygonf? txl;ojzifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD.ygwDwnfaqmufa&; vrf;pOftrSm;ESifh ppfa&;vrf;pOf trSm; rsm;onf t"dujzpfonf? ygwDwnfaqmufa&;vrf;pOfwGif t}uD;rm;qHk;trSm;rSm *dk%f;*%0g'jzpf+yD; (zwf/ xkwf/ owf) txd jzpfcJhygonf? ppfa&;vrf;pOfrSmvnf; &efol.ppfa&;xdk;ppfcGiftwGif;rS rnfonfhtajctaersdK;Yyifrqkd qkwfcGmjcif; ry& qdkaom cHppfaooufouf trSm;yif jzpfonf? xdktrSm;rsm;onf ygwDtm; }uD;pGm xdcuapygonf? ,if;a=umifh Advoef;wifwa,muf r&G,bEihf apmfurif;jzpfqovkd kd f k f f J S J dk vufraxmifEkdifjcif; jzpfygonf? Adkvfoef;wif. ppfenf;AsL[m jzwfav;jzwfa=umifhyJ yJcl;dk;r&Sd awmifay: awmifatmuf ae&ma'otESH@&Sd vlrsdK;pHk jynfolrsm; acgif;jywf =u&ygonf? taerJh tajcrJhjzpfum twd'kuQ}uD;pGm a&muf=u&ygonf? Tonfudk Adkvfoeff;wifwa,muf bmha=umifhrsm; owWd&Sd&Sd rajymra&;bJ csefxm;onfudk ar;vdkygonf? u|efawmf/ OD;jrrif;ESifh &Jabmfrsm;onf nbufrSmyif aZmf*sDjrpfudk jzwful;=u onf? xdkrS rdk;vHk;[def;a'ookd@ ncsDwufr_ESifh csDwufcJh=uygonf? rdrdwdk@tpkonf rdk;vHk;[def;a'o txl;pnf;Hk;a&;e,fajrudk acsmarmpGm a&muf&Sdygonf? e,fajrpnf;Hk; a&;tzJG@.ajymqdkcsuft& A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@onf u|efawmf.jyeftvmudk rapmifhawmh bJ ausmuf*la'o bufudk jyefvnfcsDwufoGm;onf[k od&ygonf? xdkumvtwGif;Yyif jrefrmhtoHa&'D,dk n 8 em&Dowif;Y Todk@=um;& onf? 1970 ckESpf pufwifbmv 8 &ufae@ reuf 10 ; 45 em&DtcsdefwGif ajryHk!ef; M / 809732 ae&mwGif Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD. A[dkaumfrwDESifh tv,fydkif; A[dkcJGwm0efcHjzpfol ocifwifxGef;ESifh .ZeD; a':cifrav;udk aemufvdkufaemuf ygrsm;ESifhtwl Armhwyfrawmf ppfa=umif;wa=umif;rS taozrf;qD;&&Sdonf? wdk@ ESifhtwl ta&;}uD;onfh pm&Gufpmwrff;wcsdK@udkvnf; odrf;qnf;&&Sdonf? [k a=unm oGm;onf? a&'D,dkrS xdkokd@a=unm+yD; aemufae@wGif ocifwifxGef;.a=u;eef; quf oG,fa&;XmerS a=u;eef;pufESifhtwl &Jabmf 3 OD;ESifh aq;XmerSwOD; aygif; 4 OD;onf wdkufyJGwGif;rS vGwfajrmufI u|efawmfwdk@xH a&muf&Sdvmonf? TwdkufyJGwGif ocif wifxGef;ESifhtwl usqHk;oGm;aom &Jabmfrsm; rSm &JabmfvSarmif/ &Jabmfbarmif/ &Jabmfjroef;paom cdkifaumfrwD rsm;ESifh &Jabmfjroef;.nD &JabmfjrpH/ &Jabmf 80

at;armif/ &JabmfwifvSpaom ygwD0ifau'grsm;vnf; yg0if=uonf? ocifwifxGef;usqHk;I tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGudk acgif;aqmif&efrSm tcuf tcJ&Sdaeonf? pnf;Hk;a&;oabmt& TudpPonf ygwDA[dk.tceff;uom jzpf onf? ygwDA[dkonf yJcl;dk;rwGif&Sd+yD; ESifh a=u;eef;tquftoG,f vHk;0r&Sdyg? qufoG,f&ef jzpfEdkifacs&SdonfrSm Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD 'k-OuU yifjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh u|efawmfonf tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGwyfzJG@. wyfrSL; wOD;tae ESivnf;aumif;/ ygw0ifwOD;taejzifvnf;aumif; {nfonf0g&ifau'g}uD;rsm;ESihf wifjy hf D h h h ndE_dif;r_rsm; yvkyf&ygonf? wdk@.oabmwlnDr_t& pkaygif;pOf;pm;qkH;jzwf=u& ygonf? ygwDA[dk&Sdonfh yJcl;dk;ronf tvSrf;a0;+yD; &efolxdk;ppfrsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf? ,if;a=umifh ygwD'k-OuU ocifAodef;wif&Sd&m ta&S@ajrmufppfa'oodk@ csDwuf&ef jzpfonf? TtwGuf tcdkiftrmwm0ef,l vkyfudkif&efrSm XmecJGwyfzJG@.wyfrSL; jzpfol u|efawmfyif jzpfonf [k qHk;jzwf=uygonf? u|efawmfonf xdkoabmxm;t& OD;jrrif;ESifhtwl rdk;vHk;[def;a'o txl; pnf;Hk;a&;tzJG@tm; aqG;aEG;onf? pnf;Hk;a&;tzJG@wGif wm0efcHrsm;jzpfonfh &Jabmf aiG (q&mr}uD;a':aiG) &Jabmf[ef (c) &Jabmf wifarmif (tif;trsKd ;om;) wd@k yg&=dS uonf? d -txl;pnf;Hk;a&; tzJG@onf vuf&SdtajctaewGif vkdtyfrnfhau'gwOD;ESifh &Jabmf 3-4 OD;udkomcsefI tm;vHk;qkwfcGm&ef jzpfonf? usefchJonfhtpkonf tajctae =unhf I tajctae 'Dxufqdk;&Gm;vmv#if wa,mufrusef ausmuf*le,fbufodk@ qkwfcGm&ef jzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@ tiftm;pkonf aumif;rdk@e,f rdk;vHk;[def; txl;pnf; Hk;a&;a' orS ta&S@bufudk qkwfcGmcsDwuf=uonf? a&$anmif/ &yfapmuf/ Axl;oGm; um;vrf; onf ae@nrvyf txyfxyfjzifh ppfwyfa&m jynfol@ppfrsm;yg um&Hydwfqdk@xm;av onf? u|efawmfwdk@onf xdk=um;rSyif cufcJyifyef;pGmjzifh pGef@pm;um xGuf=u&onf? uHtm;avsmfpGmyif &Srf; jynfe,f vlrsdK;aygifpHktzJG@ (&vvz) e,fajr rdkif;ysif;a'oudk atmifjrifpGm a&muf&Sd=uonf? xdkrS (&vvz) OuUAdkvfrSL;}uD; wmuv,f&Sd&m rJe,fawmifwef;bufokd@ qufvufcsDwuf=uygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf (&vvz) OuU AdkvfrSL;}uD;wmuv,fESifh rJe,f awmifwef;ay:wGif awG@=u+yD; Ta'ow0dkufrSmyif &yfem;um tem;,l=uygonf? &uftwef=um tem;,l+yD;aemuf u|efawmfwdk@onf ausmuf*l/ aemif0dk;bufokd@ jyef vnfcsDwuf=uonf? jyefvnfcsDwuf&m vrf;wav#mufwGif tjrifr=unfvifonhf (&vvz) tzJG@tpnf;twGif;rS tenf;pk. vkyf}uHaESmihf,Sufr_rsm;vnf; }uKHawG@&yg onf? Todk@ jzifh u|efawmfwdk@onf ausmuf*l aemif0dk;buf a&muf&Sdum A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@ESifh aygif;qHkrd=uonf? 81

u|efawmfonf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'oudk c&D;csDwufa&;twGuf tcdkiftrm xyfrHpDpOf&onf? &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA) tzJG@ESifh vnf;aumif;/ wef,ef;e,f&Sd usef;csD;zl; acgif;aqmifaom vG,farmftzJG@ESifhvnf;aumif; qufoG,fpDpOf&onf? usef;csD;zl;onf ,cifu KMT wyfrS t&m&SdwOD;[k od&+yD; vG,farmftzJG@onfvnf; Armjynfa&muf KMT vufusefwyfzJG@yif jzpfonf? tjcm;wzufrSmvnf; &Srf;jynfe,ftv,fydkif;cdkifaumfrwDESifhvnf; awG@ qHkum ygwD'k-OuU ocifAodef;wifxH tpD&ifcH&ef/ cdkifaumfrwDrS udk,fpm;vS,f wOD;xnfh&ef aqG;aEG;&onf? rdrd. A[kdXmecGJ wyfzJG@udkvnf; c&D;pOfESifh &nf&G,fcsufudk &Sif;vif;oabmayguf&ef aqG;aEG;&onf? Toddk@jzifh aqG;aEG;p&m jyifqifp&mrsm;udk &ufaygif; 20 eD;yg;cef@ tcsdef,lI jyifqif&onf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf aemif0dk; eef@zvefa'orS pwifI A[dkXmecJGwyfzG@JESifhtwl xGufcGmcsDwufcJh=uonf? &Srf;jynf wyfrawmf (SSA) e,fajrrsm;/ usef;pD;zl;acgif;aqmifaom vG,farmftzJG@. e,fajrrsm; ESifh ucsifvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf (KIA) . wyfr[m 4 e,fajrrsm;udk toD;oD;jzwf ausmf csDwufcJh&ygonf? tzJG@tpnf;rsm;.tultnDESifh c&D;rdkifaygif;rsm;pGmudk &efol rsm;=um;rS cufcJpGmjzifh csDwufcJh=u&jcif; jzpfonf? aemufqHk;wGif ta&S@ajrmuf rkef;udk; e,fodk@ ab;roD&efrc acsmarmatmifjrifpGmESifh a&muf&Sd=uygonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD.'k-OuUocifAodef;wifESifhvnf; aumif;/ ocifazwifhESifhvnf;aumif; vlcsif;wG@qHkI tjzpftysuf tajctaersm;udk wifjytpD&ifcHygonf? tjyif tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGESifh oufqdkifaom ocifwifxGef; csefxm;cJhonfh aumif;arGqdk;arGtm;vHk;udk 'k-OuUESifh ocifazwifhxHodk@ tyfESHygonf? 'k-OuUocif Aode;f wifonf Tod@k qvmygonf? &Jabmfcif!kd (u|eawmf) u tpkwf kd f tEkwfygrusef txkyftydk; wckvHk;udkyg xdk;tyfonf [lIjzpfonf? rS xyfI ajymqdkonfrSm &,fp&mrsm;tjzpf ajymjcif;omjzpfygonf? &Jabmf. ,ckuJhodk@ aqmif&Gufr_onf vHk;0rSefuefygonf? ocifazwifhuvnf; tvm;wl ajymqdkojzifh u|efawmfonf }uKd;pm;&usdK;eyfI tm;&0rf;om auseyf&ygonf?
1971 w&mh & S p f (108) ppf a 'ozJ G @ pnf ; jcif ; xdktcsdefumvY ocifAodef;wifonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. 'k-OuUESifh ta0;a&mufA[dkudk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@.acgif;aqmifwm0efudkyg wm0ef,lxrf;aqmifae ygonf? ocifazwifhonfvnf; ta0;a&muf A[dkudk,fpm;vS,f tzJG@. 'k-acgif;aqmif 82

wOD;jzpfygonf? Tta0;a&muf A[dkudk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@onf atmufyg&Jabmfrsm; yg0ifaom (108) ppf'oukd zJGpnf;wm0efay;cJhygonf? 1? &Jabmfjrrif; (108) ppfa'o. ygwDaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh ppfa'o EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfonf? 2? &Jabmf&JxGef; (108) ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD 'k-twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh 'k-EdkifiH a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;onf? (&Jabmf&JxGef;onf ygwDoufwrf;ESifh awmfvSefa&; kfH h oufwrf;rsm;t& tawG@tuHrsm;t& ytwGi;f a&;rSL;ESihf yEdiia&;rSL; jzpfoifonf) odk@aomf touft&G,ft& (108) ppfa'oonf ajymufusm;a'ojzpfI vufeufudkif wyfzJG@ESifh t+rJrjywf v_yf&Sm;vdkufyg&rnfjzpfaoma=umifh tcuftcJ&SdEkdifonf? &Jabmf jrrif;rS ywm0efudk u|efawmfyJ wm0ef,lrnf[k wifjytqdkyI &Jabmf&JxGef;onf vufcHoabmwlcJhjcif;om jzpfonf? 3? u|efawmf (&Jabmfcif!dk) -ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDESifh ppfa'o.ppfa&; wm0efcH wyfrSL;wm0efjzpfonf? 4? &JabmfjrifhEdkif -ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDESifh ppfa'o. 'k-ppfa&; wm0efcH 'k-wyfrSL;jzpfonf? 5? &Jabmfaomif;wif-ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDESifhppfa'o. axmufyHha&; ESifhbma&;wm0efcH jzpfonf? 6? &Jabmfoe;f a ppfa'oygwaumfrwDEihf vlxpnf;H;k a&; wm0efcH jzpfonf? d D S k 7? &Jabmf}udKif (&Sl;oef;armif)- ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDjzpfonf? (onf wkwfjynf ynmawmfoifrsm;xJ yg0ifcJhonf? olonf 108 ppfa' ozJG@pnf;+yD; r=umrD wGif rdrdudk,fudk,f tqHk;pD&ifoGm;onf?) 108 ppfa'oonf ,cif ocifwifxe;f acgi;f aqmifvy&m;cJaom tv,fyi;f G _f S h kd A[dkXmecJG.e,fajra'orsm; jzpfonf? 'k-OuUacgif; aqmifaom ta0;a&muf A[dk udk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@onf 108 ppfa'oygwD aumfrwDudk ygwDwnfaqmufa&;ESifh ppfa&;qdkif&m vrf;!efoabmxm;rsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aqG;aEG;rSm=um;ygonf? ygwDwnfaqmufa&;qdkif&m a,bk,s vrf;!efcsufrsm; ygwDudk EdkifiHa&;t&/ tawG;tac:t&/ pnf;Hk;a&;ESifh vkyfenf; vkyf[eft& wnfaqmufoGm;=u&ygrnf? pnf;urf;vnf;&Sd/ vGwfvyfr_vnf;&Sd/ nD!Gwfr_vnf;&Sd+yD; wOD;csif; pdwfcsrf;omr_vnf; &Sdaom ygwDwGif; b0rsdK;udk wnfaqmufzefwD;&rnf[lI jzpfonf? oHr%dpnf;urf; 4 csuf? (1) wODd;csif;onf tzJG@tpnf;udk emcH&rnf? 83

(2) atmuftqifhonf txuftqifhudk emcH&rnf? (3) tenf;pkonf trsm;pkudk emcH&rnf? (4) wygwDvHk;onf A[kdudk emcH&rnf? Tonfudk ygwD0ifwdkif;onf wif;usyfpGm vdkufem=u&rnf [lIvnf; vrf; !efayonf? ygwDwGif; jy\emrsm;onf ygwDwGif;Yyif ajz&Sif;&rnf? ygwD0iftcsif;csif; jzpfyGm;onfh jy\emrsm;onf jynfolwGif;jzpfyGm;onfh ydyuQrsm;jzpfI a0zefa&;/ rdrdudk,fudk,fa0zefa&; nD!Gwfa&;enf;emrsm;jzifh vkyfudkifajz&Sif;&rnf? cGifhv$wfjcif;/ &efzufjcif; ESpfckpvHk; qef@usif&rnf? rnfonfhtqifhrsdK;yifjzpfap vdktyfI pnf;Hk; a&;t& tjypfay;ta&;,lrnfqdkv#if OD;pGm ygwD'k-OuUxH tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnf? !ef =um;csuf awmif;cH&rnf? Tonfudk wif;usyfpGm vdkufem=u&rnf [lI jzpfygonf? xdktcsdefumvonf ygwDY t,ltq wdkufyJGrsm; _yfaxG;jyif;xefaeonhf umvjzpfI 'k-OuU ocifAodef;wifu TuJhodk@ aqG;aEG;rSm=um;jcif; jzpfygonf? ppfa&;qdkif&m a,bk,svrf;!$efcsuf? armf . ajymufusm;ppfw&m;rsm;twdi;f jzpf&ayrnf? &efoukd Ediajc&Sv#if k l kf d tjrwf&rnfqdkv#if wdkuf&ygrnf? wdkufcdkuf&mwGif &efol.tiftm;xuf rdrd. tiftm;onf av;ig;ajcmufq&Saom tiftm;udk pkpnf;I omvGeonfh ppftiftm;jzifh d f f wdkuf&ygrnff? tjrefwdkuf tjrefqkwfcGmonfh wdkufenf;jzpf&ygrnf? rdrdwyfonf &efo. ppfa&;t& +cdr;f ajcmufr_ tEW&m,fusa&mufv#if xdae&mrS tjrefqwcmoGm;& l k k fG ygrnf? TumvwGif ygwDwGif;/ wyfwGif;Y ppfa&;t& t,ltqqdkif&m tawG;tac: wdkufyGJvnf; &Sdaeygonf? &efolxdk;ppfudk igwdk@xdk;ppfjzifh dkufcsKd;=u/ &efol. xdk;ppfcGif twGif;rS qkwfcGmv#if rnfonfh tajctaeyifjzpfap ppfajy;jzpfrnf[k qdkxm;onf? TtcsdefumvwGif Armjynff uGefjrLepfygwDwGif;Y tawG;tac:t&vnf;aumif;/ pnf;Hk;a&;ESifhvkyf[efrsm;t&vnf;aumif; _yfaxG;onfh ygwDwGif;wdkufyGJ wnf&Sdae ygonf? ta0;a&muf A[dkudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@onf u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppffa'o ygwD aumfrwDukd acgi;f &Si;f &Si;f jzifh tvkyvyEia&;twGuf ,ckuo@kd vrf;!ecsuay;jcif;yif f k f kd f hJ f f jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppfa'o ygwDaumfrwD0iftm;vHk;onf TtwGuf 0rf; omtm;& jzpf=u&onf? u|efawmfwdk@ ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD. t"duacgif;aqmifpk onf aqG;aEG; yJGrsm;+yD;ajrmufI wm0efusa'oudk jyefvnfcsDwuf=u&ef 1971 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmvwGif jyifqif=uygonff? u|ef a wmf w d k @ ud k tjyef c &D ; acsmarm&ef t wG u f ta&S @ ajrmuf p pf a 'o 84

acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf &efouqJG aqmifonfh oabmESihf wduyJG }uD;wyGJ wducuay;=u l kd k f k f kd f ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf rdrd. ppfa'owyfzGJ@ tiftm; 60 cef@ESifhtwl wdkufyGJ aoewfoH tajrmuffoHawG =um;ae&onfh vrf;a=umif;teD;rSyif vG,farmfwyfzGJ@ &Sdaom usef;csD;zl; XmecsKyf&Sd&m wef@,ef;e,fbufudk csDwufcJh=uygonff? vG,farmfwyf (Montai- MTA) rS wkwfvlrsKd; (yef;ao;wkwf) rpPwmvD qkdolonf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'ookd@ a&muf&SdvmcJhao;onf? onff tjyeftvSef ukefoG,fa&; yvkyf&ef twGuf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'ookd@ vma&mufcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tjyef twlwuG jyef=u&ef u|efawmfwdk@tpkudk ta&S@ ajrmuf ppfa'orS pDpOfay;=uygonf? u|efawmf wdk@vnf; rpPwmvDESifhtwl oHvGifjrpfudkul;I wef@,ef;bufokd@ qufvufcsDwufcJhyg onf? rpPwmvDudk vma&mufuqdkaom trfwDatwyfzGJ@wGif Adkvf}uD;qdkol vm;_d;r@ om; &Srf ;wkwfujym; c&pf,mefomoemyausmif;xGufqdkolvnf; yg&Sdygonf? xdkyk*~dKvfESifh u|efawmhfudk rpPwmvDu rdwfqufay;ygonf? xdkyk*~dKvfonf Adkvf}uD; ausmf0if;qdkol jzpfonf? Armpum;ESifh Armpmudk a&vnfpGm ajymwwfa&;wwfrnf[k ,lq&onf? onf twlwuG csDwufc&D;oGm;aepOfrSmyif u|efawmhfteD; uyfvm um ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDESifh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'otay:udk rauseyfcsufrsm; ajymqdkvmygonf? txl;ojzifh wdk@tzJG@ESihf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'owdk@ wdkufdkufukef oG,fa&;twGuf oabmwlnDr_ r&&SdI jzpfygonf? u|efawmf onf a&S@quf&rnfh c&D;vrf;twGuf tqifajyapa&;udk a&S;_I onf;cHpdwfjzifh azsmif;zsonfhavoHESifh wkH@jyefajymqdk&ygonf? TudpPudk cifAsm;wdk@taeESifh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'oESifh xyfrH aqG;aEG;v#if tqifajyEdkifygonf [laom pum;yifjzpfonf? ausmf0if;onf OD;jrrif;ESifh OD;&Jxe;f wd@k EpO;D udk Tpum;rsKd ;rajymbJ u|eawmfuom ajymqdjk cif;twGuf em; rvnf G S f f h kd Edkifatmif jzpfcJh&ygonf? u|efawmfonf OD;&JxGef;/ OD;jrrif;wdk@xuf touftm;jzifh i,f&G,f+yD; wyfrSL;vnf;jzpfaeonfudk od&SdI jzpfrnf[k awG;rdygonf? xdktajctae tm; OD;&JxGef;/ OD;jrrif;wdk@ESpfOD;ESifh wyf&Sd ygwD0ifau'grsm;udk today;&ygonf? wyfudk vnf; tppt&m&m owd&Sd&ef wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf ajymxm;&ygonf? u|ef a wmf o nf OD ; &J x G e f ; / OD ; jrrif ; wd k @ ES i f h wd k i f y if I 'k - OuU ocif Aode;f wifxukd a=u;eef;jzifh wifjytpD&ifcygonf? 'k-OuUxHrS csujf cif;yif a=u;eef;jzifh H H jyef = um;onf r S m &J a bmf w d k @ tajctaeray;v#if jyef v nf qk w f c G m vmcJ h & ef [lIjzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf vG,farmftzJG@ XmecsKyfwGif wnwmtdyfpuf &yfem;=u onf? xdknY rpPwmvDESifh ausmf0if;wdk@onf u|efawmfwdk@udk npmxrif;pm;yJGjzihf {nfhcHygonf? wkwfvlrsdK;rsm;jzpfI xHk;pHtwdkif;yif t&ufav; ig;rsdK; yg0ifaeonf? xrif;rpm;rD t&ufcGufrsm;udk tjyeftvSef cGufcsif;xd=u+yD; qkawmif;pum;rsm; 85

ajymqdk=uygonf? u|efawmfonf rdrdtvSnfha&mufonfhtcgY t&ufcGufcsif; wdkufI xdum cifAsm;wdk@usef;rmygapvdk@ u|efawmfqkawmif;ygonf[laom pum;udk ausmf0if; tm;=unfh+yD; t*Fvdyfvdk ajymvdkufygonf? wwfIr[kwfyg? rcHcsifpdwfjzifh ajymjcif;om jzpfygonf? xdktcg OD;jrrif;onf u|efawmfhudk vSrf;=unfh+yD; yH;aeygonf? xrif;rsm; pm;+yD;I ausmf0if;onf u|efawmfhqDudkvm+yD; oD;ar$;iSufaysmoD;yef;uefudk ,lvmum pm;yg[lI ajymvmygonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf aemufwae@wGif vG,farmfXmecsKyfrS xGufcJh=uygonf? wae@Eiwn rem;wrf;cswufc&m nc&D;Y yavmifvrsKd ; &JabmfwOD;onf vrf;ay:wGif S hf D hJ l acwWtem;,lpOf tdyfaysmfI usef&pfcJhygonf? tm; vdkufvH&SmazGaomfvnf; wef@,ef;e,fxJrSmyif zrf;qD;cH& um towfyifcHoGm;&onf[k od&ygonf? wGif *sDoHk; aoewfwvuf usnf 200 ESifh wkwfjynfvkyf vufudkifvufypfAHk; 5 vHk; yg&Sdygonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA) e,fajrokd@ acsmarmpGm a&muf &Sd=uygonf? xdkrS eef@rvef/ aemif0dk;a'orsm;udk atmifjrifpGmjzifh jyefvnfa&muf &Sd=uygonf? oHk;av;&ufr# tem;,l=uum ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD pHknDtpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusif;ycJhygonf? 108 ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL; &Jabmfjrrif;onf 108 ppfa'o zJG@pnf;jcif;.ta=umif;&if;ESifh tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk wifjyavonf? ta0;a&muf A[dkaumfrwD udk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@. csrSwfay;vdkufaom vkyfief; wm0efrsm;ukdvnf; wifjyum 0dkif;0ef;aqG;aEG; ndE_dif;=u&ef jzpfonf? qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; 1? aus;&Gmrsm;wGif jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&; tzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwus zJG@pnf; wnfaxmifoGm;&ef? 2? awmifolv,form; or*~rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;/ vli,ftzJG@ tpnf;rsm; udkvnf; pnf;Hk;azmfxkwf zJG@pnf;oGm;&ef? 3? TtwGuf vdktyfrnfh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udkvnf; a&;qGJI vlxkenf; ESifh aqG;aEG;twnfy&ef? 4? aus;&Gmwdkif;wGif touf 18 ESpfrS 45 ESpf=um;&Sd usef;rmoefpGrf;ol a,musfm;rsm;ukd aus;&GmumuG,fa&;twGuf jynfol@ppfrsm;tjzpf pnf;Hk;zJG@pnf;oGm; &ef? zJG@pnf;&mY touft&G,fESifh usef;rma&; t& cJGjcm;I umuG,fa&;ESifh o,f,lydk@ aqmifa&; jynfol@ppf 2 rsdK; 2-pm; zJG@pnf;oGm;&efwkd@ jzpfygonf?
86

ppfa&;ESifh wyfwnfaqmufa&; u? awmfvSefa&; wyfrawmfwGif;udk 0ifa&mufvdkol usm;r rsm;onf t ouf 18 ESpf jynfholrsm;jzpf=u&rnf? tjyif udk,fydkifEdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_ESifh pdwfqEN rsm;t& yg0ifcGifh&Sdonf? c? wyfom;opfrsm;tjzpf pnf;Hk;odrf;oGif;&mY tajccH usef;rma&; aumif; rGef&rnf? txl;ojzifh ul;pufwwfonfha&m*grsm;ESifh tem}uD;a&m*g/ tqkwf a&m*g rsm; uif;&Sif;=uolrsm; jzpf=u&ygrnf? *? wyfom;rsm; pnf;Hk;odrf;oGif;&mY +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ tusyfukdifjcif;/ tcGifh ta&;jyjrLqG,fjcif;rsm;udk vHk;0a&Smif&Sm;=u&rnff? ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDwGif; wm0efcGJa0r_? &Jabmfjrrif;onf ygwDwnfaqmufa&;ESifh ynmay;a&; jzpfonff? &Jabmff&JxGef; (OD;&JxGef;) vlxkpnf;Hk;a&;vkyfief;ESifh wyfaygif;pkvkyfief; jzpfonff? &Jabmfcif!dk ppfa&;ESifh wyfwnfaqmufa&; jzpfonff? &Jabmfaomif;wifonf bm/ axmufyHhXmetjyif/ vlxk pnf;Hk;a&; Xme. 'k-wm0efcHtjyif/ OD;&JxGef;ESifh wGJzufwm 0ef,l&ef? &Jabmfjf rihEionf 'k-wyfrL;tjzpf wm0ef,&efEihf &Jabmff ode;f azonf f kd f S l S vlxkpnf;Hk;a&;wGif wm0ef,l&effwdk@ jzpfonff? e,ffajra'orsm;. a,bk,stajctaeESifh taetxm;rsm;? 1? ausmuf*la'oonf 108 ppfa'otjzpf zGJ@pnf;pOfwGif aus;&Gmaygif; 27 &Gmr#&Sd+yD; tdrfajcaygif; 1500 ausmfr# &Sdrnff? aexdkif =uonfh vlrsKd;rsm;onf "Ek trsKdf;om;rsm;ESifh &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm; jzpf=uonff? ausmuf*l&Gmonf tdrfajc 200 ausmfr#&SdI ig;&ufwywfaps;vnf; &Sdonf? xdkaps;udk &yfapmufr@rS aps;onftcsKd@ pkaygif;I armf awmfum;}uD;wpD; iSm;&rf;um ausmuf*aps;udkd vma&mufa&mif;cs=uonf?/ ausmuf*rS l f l tifawm/ &yfapmufoGm; um;vrf;onf ajrvrf;jzpf+yD; tifawmESifh &yfapmuft=um; wGif ausmufcif;vrf;[k qkdygonf? tpkd;&ppfwyfrsm;onf ausmuf*l&GmwGif wyfcGJpcef; tjzpf tajcwnfxm;onf? ausmuf*Eihf tifawmt=um; aZmf*sjD rpftm; jzwfu;l onfh l S oHwHwm; wck&Sdonf? wHwm;tm; ppfwyfrS tapmifhtjzpf wyfpkwpk csxm;ygonff? 2? aemifvHke,fonf TumvY &Gmaygif; 15 &Gmcef@ESifh tdrfajc aygif; 800 cef@r# &Sygrnf? aexdi=f uom vlrsK;d rsm;onf "EkEihf &Sr;f vlrsK;d rsm; jzpfonf? tpd;k &ppfwyf d k S 87

wyfpGJxm;jcif; r&Sdyg? uGefjrLepfygwD. tkyfcsKyfa&;a'o wckomv#ifjzpfonff? 3? aemif0dk;a'oonf &Gmaygif; 23 &Gmr#&Sd+yD; tdrfajcaygif; 1000 ausmfr# &Sdygonff? aexdkif=uaom vlrsKd;rsm;onf trsm;pkrSm &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;om jzpfonff? tpdk;&ppfwyfonf Te,fajrtm; wyfcs wyfpGJxm;jcif; r&Sdyg? tvm;wl rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef; e,fajrrsm;vnf; tpkd;&ppfwyfrsm; csxm;jcif;r&Sdyg? aexdkif=uaom vlrsKd;rsm; rSmvnf; &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;yiff jzpfonff? 4? tifawm&Gmonf &Gm}uD;w&Gmjzpf+yD; ppfwyfrS wyfcpcef;tjzpf tcditrm JG kf ae&m,lxm;onf? xdk&Gm}uD;wGif awmif}uD;cdkif. opfawm OD;pD;XmerS Hk;Xmersm; vnf;&Sdonf? tjyif opfpufrsm;/ pyg;}udwfpufrsm;vnf; &Sd=uonff? tpddk;& ppfwyfrsm;onf Axl;&yfapmufr@rsm;rS tifawm/ ausmuf*l um;vrf;tm; r=umr=um ppfum;rsm; oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;=uygonf? ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;&SdonfhtcgY ydkIyif ppfum;rsm; toGm;tvm rsm;ygonf? Tonf e,fajra'orsm;. a,bk,stajc tae jzpfonf? 108 ppffa'owyfzGJ@onf ausmuf*l/ tifawmum;vrf;wGif owif;pHkprf; axmufvSrf;jcif;ESifh vlxkrsm;tm; pnf;Hk;jcif;tvkyfrsm;udk v_yf&Sm;yvkyfcJhygonf? xdktcsdefY owif;wckudk rar#mfvifhbJ &&SdcJhygonf? owif;rSm ausmuf*lrS tifawm/ &yfapmufbufukd ppfavmf&um; 3 pD;jzifh ppfom; 30 cef@ oGm;rnfqaom owif;yifjzpf D kd onff? Towif; rSefrrSefESifh rnfonfhae@&uf/ rnfonfhtcsdef oGm;rnfudk od&Sd&efvdk ygonff? ,if;a=umifh xdkum;vrf;ab;&Sd &Gmrsm;rS &Gmom;wcsKd@udk ausmuf*laps;odk@ aps;0,ftjzpfESifh v$wfIpHkprf;&ygonff? a,bk,sowif;ESifh ppfwdkufI rjzpfyg? (No Imformation No Operation) [k =um;zl;onf? vlv$wf pkHprf;csuft& trSefoGm;rnf [k xyfrHod&Sd&I u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppfa'o wyfzGJ@onf xdkum;vrf;udk oGm;a&muf apmifh=u&onff? u|efawmfwdk@. wyfzGJ@wGif vufeufwyfqifxm;r_onf &efolxuf rom awmif nHhawmhrnHhyg? pdwf"mwfa&;&mY &efolxuf omvGefaeygonff? &efol. ppfavmf&Dum; 3 pD;udk aumif;pGm wdkufzsufEdkifaom wkwfjynfvkyf wifhum;zsuf vufeuf bZlum yg&Sdaeygonf? Tvufeufudk t&yfom;rsm;u iSufaysmmzl;aoewf [k ac:=uonff? tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;onf? armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh oGm;vmcsDwufv#if a,bk,s tm;jzifh um;wpD;ESifhwpD;. tuGmta0;onf udkuftm; jzifh (50) uGma0;avh&Sdonf? xdk@a=umifh rdrd. wyfudk udkuf 150 rS 200 t=um;wGif ae&m,l jzef@=uufcsxm;&onf? xd k w d k u f y G J w G i f 108 ppf a 'oacgif ; aqmif r sm;jzpf o nf h &J a bmf &J x G e f ; / &Jabmfjrrif;wdk@ uddk,fwdkif wdk@. qENt& yg0if=uonff? yJcldk;r A[dkrS 108 ppfa'oudk 88

wm0efjzifh acwWa&muf&Sdaeonfh A[ddkaumfrwD &JabmfrsKd;jrifhonfvnf; . qENt& yg0ifcJhonf? wdkufyGJonf 1972 ckESpf 0ef;usifY jzpfygonf? &efolonf ausmuf*lrS ppfavmf&Dum; 3 pD;jzifh &yfapmuf-Axl;r@buf tjyefjzpf+yD; awmifxdyf&GmESifh 4 rdkifcef@ tuGmwGif jzpfonf? ypfrSwf&efolrSm ppfa=umif;rSL;Adkvf}uD; atmifausmfjrifhESifh . ppfa=umif;&Sd tiftm; 30 jzpfonff? wdkufyGJwGif ppfa=umif;rSL;ESifh . oufawmf apmifhaygif; 2 OD;om xGufajy;vGwfajrmufoGm;onf? useftm;vHk;udk vHk;0acsr_ef;EdkifcJh onff? odrf;qnf;&&Sdaom vufeufypPnf;rsm;onf ypPwdkaoewf 2/ ESpfvufr pdefajymif; 1/ *sD 3 *sD 4 tygt0if pkpkaygif; vufeufrsKd;pHk 29 vufESifh a=u;eef;puf taumif; 1/ jyif&ef,lvmonfh wyfcGJtqifhoHk; a=u;eef;puf 2/ "mwftm;oGif;puf 2/ ppfoHk;ajryHk tcsyfa& 24/ usnfrsKd;pHk 6000 cef@ jzpfonf? tar&duefvk yf 61 ywfum;azmifwdef 1/ rD;cHaowWm 1/ ppfa=umif;rSL;. ae@pOfrSwfwrf;pmtkyf/ "mwfyHkrsm;/ &mxl;wHqdyfrsm; (Adkvf/ Adkvf}uD; tqifhoHk; a&S@wef;/ aemufwef; toHk;yonfh &mxl; wHqdyfrsm;) yif jzpfonff? ppfa=umif;rSL;atmifausmfjrifhonf usKdif;wkHcdkif vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_ aumf rwD (vtu) OuU vkycojl zpfonf? r=umao;rDtcseurS ppfa=umif;rSL; jzpfvmcJol f hJ d f h wOD;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh onf ypPwdkaoewf 1 vufudk udk,fydkifaiGjzifh 0,f,ludkif aqmifxm;jcif;jzpfonffhta=umif; . ae@pOfrSwfwrf; (Diary) pmtkyfwGif awG@&Sd& onf? ppfavmf&Dum;}uD; 3 pD;udk "mwfqDavmiff; rD;_d@zsufqD;vdkufonf? &efol. kyft avmif; (26) xJwGif Adkvftqifh (Lieut) wOD;ESifh wyff=uyf}uD; 1 OD;/ wyf=uyf 2 OD;wdk@ yg&Sdygonff ? TwdkufyGJwGif rdrdwdk@bufrS &Jabmfrif;[ef touf 24ESpf (a*:& cg;vlrsKd;) wOD;usqHk;+yD; useftm;vHk; xdcdkufusqHk;r_ r&Sdyg? wdkufyGJonf 108 ppfa'otjzpfESifh yGJOD;xGuf wdkuf&onfh wdkufyGJjzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh EdkifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ ppfa&;ESifh wyfwnfaqmufa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ bufpHkaxmifhpHkrS tusKd;&Sdapygonf? wdkufyGJ udk Armjynf uGefjrL epfygwDrS 'k-OuUuvnf;aumif;/ yJcl;dk;rygwDA[dkuvnf;aumif; csD;usL; *k%fya=u;eef;rsm; toD;oD;ydk@vm=uygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppfa'otwGuf ppfa&;t& ,ckuJhodk@ atmifyGJ&vkduf jcif;onf tpaumif;onf[k qdk&ygrnf? odk@aomf aemuf ydkif;umvrsm;wGif TuJhodk@ aomtcGifhta&;rsKd; &&Sd&efrSm cufcJEdkifonf? &efol/ rdrdtiftm; tcsKd;tpm;ESifh tae txm;rsm; vGefpGmjcm;em;aeI jzpffonff? 108 ppfa'o. 0ef;usif a&S@aemuf0J,m ab;ywfvnfwGif &efolwyffrsm; onf txyf x yf t vD v D ae&m,l csxm;ygonf ? 108 onf f ql ; =um;wG i f 89

oD;yGifhae&onfh Al;oD;yrm jzpfae&onf? ,if;a=umifh &efolrsm;onff wdk@tm; tEW&m,fay;rnfholudk ryGifhroD;rDrSmyif csKyf+idrf;&ef tpGrf;ukef vkyfaqmif=uygvdrfhrnf? 1972 ck E S p f TESpftwGif; (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf? rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef; a'orsm;wGif vlxkpnf;kH;a&;tvkyfrsm; vkyfaqmifae=uayonf? xdktcsdefrSmyif rqv ppftpdk;&. ppfa=umif;rsm;ESifh rar#mfvifhyJ awG@qHkwdkufyGJrsm; jzpfyGm;cJh&onf? wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;onfh ae&monf rdkif;,Gif;e,fESifh rdkif;vef;a'o ESpfcktpyf&Sd rdi;f ,Gi;f acsmif;ab; usKi;f crf;av;&Gm. teD;w0duyif jzpfonf? wduyjJG zpfonfh &efoppf k d k f k f l a=umif;onf dk;dk;ajcvsifwyf. ppfa=umif;r[kwfyg? &efukeftajcpdkuf avxD;wyf&if; (16) rS ppf a =umif ; wck jzpf y gonf ? xd k p pf a =umif ; onf tjcm;aomppf a =umif ; wa=umif;ESifh awG@qHk&ef csdef;qdkxm;onf[k od&ygonf? wdk@csif; rawG@qHkrDyif wdkuf yGJjzpfyGm;&jcif; jzpfonf? avxD; (16) . ppfa=umif;rSL;onf Adkvf}uD;odef;vGifqdkoljzpf+yD; TawG@ qHkwdkufyGJYyif aoqHk;oGm;onf? ESifhtwl wyf=uyf}uD; (1) OD;ESifh wyfom; (3) OD;ygaoqHk;=uonf? tcsKd@vnf; '%f&m&&Sdonf[k od&Sd &onf? u|efawmfwdk@bufrS (4) OD ; usqH k ; +yD ; (1) OD ; tenf ; i,f '%f & m&&S d o nf ? usqH k ; onf h (4) OD ; onf u&if t rsKd ; om; tpnf ; tH k ; (KNU) tzG J @ rS jzpf o nf ? xd k t csd e f Y u&if t rsKd ; om;tpnf;tHk;rS tzGJ@wzGJ@onf wyfaygif;pkvkyfief;jzifh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o (Arm jynfuejf rLepfygw. ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o -NEC) ok@d om;&ef a&muf&aejcif; jzpfonf? G D G dS tzGJ@onf vltiftm; av;q,fausmf ig;q,fcef@ &Sdygrnf? tzGJ@. acgif;aqmifonf (KNU) rS A[dktvkyftr_aqmif wOD;jzpfaom q&m paumv,fawm jzpfonf? 'ktzGJ@acgif;aqmifrSm tzGJ@tpnf;rS A[dkaumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom apmrD;owf yifjzpf onf? tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSm wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; [kod&Sd&ygonf? xdkwyfzGJ@onf ta&S@ ajrmufppfa'o oGm;&mwGif vrf;}uKHI (108) ppfa'oudk acwWc%r# 0ifa&muf&yf em;jcif;om jzpfonf? Todk@ESifh tcGifuHcdkufwGif &efoltm; yg0ifwdkufcdkuf vdkonf[k qdkI wdk@qENrsm;t& wkdufckdufa&;wyfESifh vkdufygcJh&if;jzifh pDpOfwkdufckdufaom wkdufyGJr[kwfbJ a&Smifwcif &ifqkdif}uKHawG@&aom wkdufyGJwGif yg0ifwkdufckdufcJh&jcif; jzpfayonf? xdkwdkufyGJonf rvGJra&SmifomI wdkufcJh&aom awG@qHkwdkuf yGJwyGJom jzpf.? wdkufyGJonf tcsdeftm;jzifh wem&DeD;yg;r# =umrnf xifygonf? rdrd. tpDtpOfjzifh pepfwuswdkufcdkuf&aom wdkufyGJr[kwfyg? xdkavxD; (16) wyf&if; ppfa=umif;ESifh 90

wdkufcdkufae&onfhtcsdefY &efol. tjcm; ppfa=umif;wa=umif;onf wdkufyGJjzpfyGm; onfhae&mESifh rvSrf;rurf;rSmyif a&muf&Sdaeonf? odk@aomf Tppfa=umif;onf wdkufyGJ wGif yg0ifjcif;r&SdI u|efawmfwdk@twGuf oufom&m&onf[k qdk&ygrnf? wdkufyGJY usqHk;onfh r[mrdwf autifef,ltzGJ@rS &Jabmfrsm;udk u|efawmfwdk@ (108) wyfzGJ@taeESifh &efolrsm; &SmrawG@Edkifonfh awmwGif;wae&mY ajrjrKyfI pepf wus tav;yum o+*K[fay;cJygonf? +yD;v#if u|efawmfwdk@ tm;vHk;onf tEW&m,f uif;onfh ae&mokd@ qkwfcGm EdkifcJh=uonf? u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf aemufxyf wkdufyGJwyGJ wdkuf&ef jyifqif=uygonf? ausmuf*l/ tifawmoGm; um;vrf;&Sd aZmf*sDjrpful;wHwm; tapmifh wyfudk wdkufcdkuf&efjzpfonf? TwHwm;apmifhwyfpktm; wdkufrnfh wdkufcdkufa&; enf; emonf ta,mifaqmif yHkrSm;dkufonfh enf;jzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@wGif tpdk;&ppf wyf. ppf0wfpHkrsm;/ wHqdyfrsm;ESifh Adkvft=uyfrsm;. &mxl;wHqdyfrsm;vnf; tqif oifh&Sdaeonf? wHqdyfrsm; wyfqifI wHwm;qDokd@ u|efawmfwdk@ csDwufcJhonf? aZmf*sDjrpful;wHwm; ra&mufrD um;vrf;ab; okefwef; &GmteD;Y cv& (12) rS wyfcGJ ppfa=umif;ESifhwdk;um wdkufyGJjzpfchJonf? rdk;rvif;wvif;tcsdefjzpfI ESif;rsm;vnf; tH k @ qd k i f ; aeonf ? wyf w wyf E S i f h wwyf t aetxm;onf csD w uf a e=upOf y if vufcsif;,Suf ycHk;csif;zuf&onftxd yl;uyfae=uonf? TtcgwGif a&S@uif;toD; oD;wdk@onf ae&m,lum tjyeftvSef ar;cGef;rsm;ar;=uonf? u|efawmfwdk@ (108) wyfzGJ@onf wzuf. ar;jref;csufrsm;udk ajzEdkifcJhaomf vnf; aemufqHk;ar;cGef;jzpfonfh wyfcGJ. uvyfpnf;eHywfudk rajzEdkifbJ aoewfjzifh ypfcwfI tajzay;cJh&ygonf? Todk@jzifh a&Smifwcif rar#mfvihfbJ wdkufyGJjzpfcJh&jcif; jzpfonf? xdka=umifh aZmf*sDwHwm; wdkufa&; tpDtpOfonfvnf; ysufcJh&onf? xdkyufyif;wdk; awG@qHkwdkufyGJwGif &efolxHrS ppfausmydk;tdyf (6) vHk;ESifh ppfoHk; xrif;csKihf (6) vH;k odr;f qnf;&rdum ESpzufpvH;k wyifwnf; qkwcm=uonf? TwduyJG d f fG k f wGif autifef,lrS &JabmfwcsKd@vnf; yg0ifonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf aZmf*sDjrpfwHwm;apmifhwyfudk rwdkufrD jyifqif a&;umv wGif cv& (12) rS wyfcGJwcGJonf tifawmrS ausmuf*ludk vm&ef tpDtpOf&Sda=umif; =um;jzwf (Intercept) a=u;eef;owif;t& odcJh&onf? odk@aomf tcsdeftwdtus rod &SdcJh&yg? TESpfrSmvnf; rqv tpdk;&. ppfa&;xdk;ppfonf &Sd+rJ&Sdaeonf? Txdk;ppfudk (108) ppfa'o taeESifh rdrdwyfzGJ@tm; tzGJ@i,fuav;rsm; tjzpfzGJ@pnf;um ajymuf usm;wdkufyGJuav;rsm; azmfxkwfI aqmif&GufcJh&onf? wenf;tm;jzifh &efoludk aESmifh ,Sufjcif;/ zsufqD;[ef@wm;jcif;/ acsmif;ajrmif;ypfcwfjcif; paom pmuav;ppfqifa&; enf;jzifh &efol.xdk;ppfudk ckcHumuG,fcJh&onf? T&efolxdk;ppfwGif &efolwyfrsm;rS 91

(9) OD;r# aoqHk;+yD; (12) OD;cef@ '%f&m&Sdonf? rdrdwdk@bufwGif wyfom; (1) OD; '%f&m tenf;i,f &&SdonfrSty xdcdkufr_r&Sdyg? Tonf 1972 ckESpf. (108) ppfa'o jzwfoef;csDwufcJh&aom yHk=urf;yef;csDum;wcsyf[k qdk&ygrnf? (3) 1973 TESpfxJrSmvnf; tpdk;&onf u|efawmfwkd@. (108) ppfa' oe,fajrudk atmufygwyfrsm;oHk;I ppfa&; xdk;ppfwck yvkyfvmjyefonf? xdkxdk;ppfY yg0iftoHk;y onfh . wyfrsm;onf? csif; (3)/ ucsif (4)/ &Srf;(1) wyf&if;rsm; ESifh cv& (94) (99) wyf&if;rsm;tjyif Axl;ppfausmif;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&onfhwyfrS xl;atmifppfa=umif;vnf; yg0ifonf? Tppfqifa&;onf ausmuf*l/ aemifvHkESifh aemif 0dk;/ rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef;a'orsm;udk tav;xm; OD;wnfayonf? xdka'orsm;wGif aexdkif=uaom &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif/ ytdk@0f vlrsKd;rsm;udk zrf;qD; owfjzwf ESdyfpuf=uonf? aus;&Gmvl}uD; tawmfrsm;rsm;udkvnf; zrf;qD;ac:aqmifum txufArmjynf&dS toD;oD;aom axmifrsm;okd@ ydk@aqmifcsKyfaESmifxm;=uygonf? &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif/ ytdk@0f paom a'ocHvlrsKd;rsm;. orD;ysKdrsm;udkvnf; a=u;pm;wyfrsm;onf apmfum;rk'drf;usifh=uonf? a=u;pm; wyfrsm;onf Ta'orsm;&Sd aus;&Gm;rsm;wGif ntdyfpcef;cs &yfem;=uv#if xdk&Gmrsm;&Sd =uuf/ bJ/ 0ufrsm;ESifh tdrfarG; wd&p>mefrsm;jzpfaom acG;/ a=umifrsm;udkyifra&Smif cdk;0Sufvk,ufum pm;aomuf wwf =uonf? &Srf;/ "EkvlrsKd;rsm; aexdkif&m aus;&Gmrsm;wGif tdrf&Sd orD;ysKdav;rsm;onf reufrdk;rvif;rD tdyf,mrSxum tdrf&Sdvltm;vHk;twGuf xrif;[if;rsm; csufywf=u onfh tavh&Sd=uonf? Tonfudk tcGifhaumif;,lI a=u;pm;wyfom;rsm;onf tdrf atmufrSaeI taygufE_duf=uonf? aemif0;kd e,f&dS nJpifaus;&GmwGif &Sr;f (1) wyf&if;rS ppfa=umif; wa=umif;onf h xdk&Gmudk ntdyfpcef;cs &yfem;avonf? xdktcgwGif Tppfa=umif;rS 'k-wyf=uyftqifh&Sd aom a=u;pm;wOD;onf reufapmapmxI xrif;[if;csufaeonfh &Srf;rdef;rysKdav; wOD;udk rD;zdk acsmifatmufrS xrDpudkqGJonf? xdkrdef;uav;onf rodusKd;u|efyum xrif;tdk;rS yGufyGufqlaeaom a&aEG;jzifh ppfom;. OD;acgif;ay:udk avmif;csvdkuf ygonf? xdka=u;pm; 'kwyf=uyfonf ol. tdyf,m&Sd&mokd@ tajy;tv$m; ajy;oGm;um tdyf,may:Y vl;vSdrfhatmf[pf+yD; nnf;nLaeygonf? a&aEG;yljzifh tavmif;cH&aom xdka=u;pm;udk xrf;pifjzifh aemuf ydkif;okd@ ydk@vdkuf&onf? onf aoqHk;oGm;onf[k 92

aemufydkif;wGif =um;od&ygonf? ppfa=umif;rSL;onf Tjzpf&yftm; &dyfpm;rdaomfvnf; anmifjrpfwl;ouJhodk@ jzpfrnfpdk;I vspfvsL_ae[efwlygonf? xdk;ppf+yD;I ppfwyfrsm;qkwfcGmoGm;+yD;aemufwGif Trdef;uav;udk Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD. a'owm0efcHrS xdkvkyf&yftay:wGif csD;usL;*k%fyr_rsm; yvkyfay;yg onf? TtjzpftysufrsKd;onf (108) ppfa'o tESH@tjym;wGif jzpfay:cJhygonf? T onf a'ocHjynfolrsm;. a=u;pm;wyfrsm;tay: em=unf;ojzifh wkH@jyefaom vkyf&yf rsm;teufrS wckom jzpfygonf? ppftiftm;tqaygif;rsm;pGm }uD;rm;omvGefonfh &efolxdk;ppfudk &ifqdkif =u&onfrSm rnfr#cufcJonfudk }uKHzl;olwdkif; em;vnf=uygvdrfhrnf? u|efawmfwdk@ onf rdrd. vufeufudkifwyfudk tpktzGJ@uav;rsm;tjzpf pnf;Hk;zGJ@pnf;um pmuav; ppfudk qifEGJ=u&onf? rdrdwyf. wyfom; trsm;pkonf a'ocHrsm;jzpfI e,fajru|rf; usifr_wGif wyef;omvGefaeygonf? xdk@tjyif a'ocHjynfolrsm;. yHhydk;axmufcHr_a=umifh T pmuav; ppf-ppfqifa&;udk us,fjyef@pGmyvkyfEdkifcJhonf? ,if;a=umifh T&efol xdk;ppftwGif; &efolpkpkaygif; aoa=u'%f&m& (20) ausmfr# &Sdrnf[k wGufq&ygonf? xdk;ppft+yD;wGif (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf &Srf;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (&vvz) e,fajrwGif wdk@. wyfrsm;ESifhtwl yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;cJ honf? xkdumvYyif wyfzGJ@ (2) zGJ@onf yl;aygif;um awmif}uD; usKdif;wkHoGm;um;vrf;. wae&mY vrf;jzwfwdkufyGJwyGJ yvkyfcJhonf? txl;ojzifh awmif}uD;r@rS usKdif;wkHr@ k f kd okd@ oGm;onfh a=u;pm;wyfrsm;. o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;um;wef; (Convoy)ukd wducuf jcif; jzpfonf? TwdkufyGJonf rdrdwdk@ ar#mfrSef;xm;onfxuf &efol. tiftm; ydkrdk rsm;jym;aeI rodr;f yduEibJ qkwcmcJ=h u&onf? (108) ppfa'owyf zG@J rS pdwrL;wOD;ESihf k f kd f fG f S wyfom;wOD; usqHk;cJh&onf? xdkwdkufyGJwGif u|efawmf rygEdkifbJ tif;av;a'ookd@ txl;vkyfief;wm0efjzifh oGm;a&mufae&csdef jzpfygonf? Tonf (108) ppfa'o. wESpfwm b0c&D;udk jzwfausmf av#mufvSrf;cJh& onfh c&D;pOfwck[k qdk&ygrnf? 1974 TESpf. ESpfw0ufajrmuf ajcmufvumvwGif &Jabmf&JxGef;ESifh &Jabmfjrrif; wd@k (2) OD;onf ygwA[d&&m yefqef;udwm0efjzifh oGm;=uonf? xdtcserpI u|eawmf D k dS k k d f S f onf (108)ppfa'o. wyfrSL;wm0efrS ppfa'oEdkifiHa&;rSL;ESifh ppfa'oygwDaumf rwDtwGif;a&;rSL;(&Jabmfjrrif; .ae&m) udk ,m,D0ifa&muf tpm;xdk;wm0ef ,lcJh&avonf? 93

xdkESpfrSpI (108) ppfa'oonf rqvtpdk;&. ppfa&;xdk;ppf rsm;ukdaomf vnf;aumif;/ rd;k [de;f . tufp,tm&fat wyfz@JG rsm;ukd aomf vnfaumif; &ifqivm& f l kd f aom tajctaejzpfvmonf? tufpf,l tm&fat (SURA)wyfzGJ@rsm;onf (108) ppfa'o.e,fajrjzpfonfh rdkif;,Gif; rdkif;vef;a'orsm;twGif; r=uc% 0ifa&muf v_yf &Sm;vmonf? rqv ppftpdk;&. ppfwyfrsm;vnf; ausmuf*l/ aemifvHk/ aemif0dk;ESifh wkefavm a'orsm;wGif [efcsufnDnD v_yf&Sm;vmonfudk awG@&Sd&ygonf? (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf rvGJra&SmifombJ ppfrsufESm (2) ckudk wyifwnf; &ifqdkifae&onfh tajctaersKd; jzpfaeonf? TuJo@kd aom tajctaersK;d wGif (108) ppfa'o.vufeuf udiwyftiftm; h kf }uD;xGm;a&;rSm rsm;pGm tcuf}uKH&ygonf? "rRwmoabmyif vlrsm;onf 'kuQaygif;pHk }uKHawG@ae&+yD; twd'kuQrsKd;pHkESifh jynfhv#rf;aeaom wyfzGJ@rsKd;wGif rnfolr# yg0ifvdk=u rnf r[kwfyg? u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'o. xdkvufeufudkifwyf rwdk;yGm; r}uD;xGm;jcif; onf ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd; &Sdyg vdrfhrnf? atmufygta=umif;rsm;onf ta&;ygonfh ta=umif; tcsufrsm; jzpfrnf[k ,lqygonf? 1? (108) ppfa'oonf ESpfpOfrjywf tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;. ppfa&;xdk;ppfrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifae=u&onf? 2? (108) ppfa'oe,fajr.ywf0ef;usifY tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;onf ppftiftm; tvHk;t&if;jzifh txyfxyf0dkif;&HI ae&m,l wyfpGJxm;=uyg onf? 3? (108) a'o. ab;0ef;usifwGif vlrsKd;pktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vlrsKd;pkwyfzGJ@ rsm; wnf&Sdaeayonf? 4? (108) ppfa'oe,fajrY rSDwif;aexdkif=uonfh vlrsKd;rsm;onf &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif paom vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfonf? 5? (108) ppfa'oacgif;aqmifrsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh Arm vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf+yD; &Srf;bmompum; rwwf=uyg? 6? wyfom;rsm; pnf;Hk;vufcHa&; oabmxm;onf atmufyg twdkif; qHk;jzwfxm;ygonf? (u) (108) ppfa'oygwaumfrwDonf wyfom;opfrsm; pnf;H;k odr;f oGi;f &m D wGif atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tajccH&rnf? (c) wyfom;opfrsm; pnf;Hk;vufcH&mwGif usef;rmoefpGrf;+yD; touf (18) ESpf jynfholrsm;udkom vufcH&rnf? wdk@onf rdrdwdk@pdwf qENrsm;t& wenf;tm;jzifh Ediia&;todt& wyfwi;f 0ifa&mufvonfqygu usm;r tm;vH;k ukd yg0ifap&ef kfH G dk dk 94

vufcHEdkifonf? (*) wyfom;opfrsm;tjzpf wyfxJ0ifa&mufvm=uonfh usm;r yk*~dKvfrsm; onf &mZ0wfjypfr_rsm; uif;&Sif; &rnf? txl;ojzifh "m;jyr_/ rk'drf;r_/ vlowfr_wdk@ jzpfonf? ul;pufa&m*gESifh rl;,pfaq;0g; uif;&Sif;olrsm; jzpf=u&rnf? (C) wyfom;opfrsm;tjzpf pnf;Hk;odrf;oGif;&mwGif +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ tusyf udkif jrLqG,fjcif;/ Oya'/ trdef@tm%mrsm;oHk;I aumufcHjcif;ESifh tvSnfhuspepf/ tcsKd;uspnf;pepfrsm; owfrSwfusifhoHk;jcif;udk vHk;0cGifhryay? 7? azmfjyygtcsuftvufrsm;onf ta&;ygonfh tcsufrsm;[k ,lqonf? ,if;tcsuftvufrsm;t& (108) ppfa'o. vufeufudkif wyftiftm; wdk;yGm;}uD; xGm;apa&;rSm tcGifhtvrf; enf;yg;aeygvdrfhrnf? xdktajctaersm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;rybJ ygwDwGif;rS vlyk*~dKvfau'g tenf;pkonf tjypfwifonfh avoHrsm; xGufvm=uonf? wdk@u (108) ppfa'o . vufeufuiwyftiftm;onf anmifyif0i;f w0di;f pmyif &Srnfrxif[I ajymqdvm kd f kd k d l k ygonf ? xd k y k * ~ d K vf r sm;xJ w G i f A[d k a umf r wD t opf p uf p uf vl } uD ; rif ; rsm;vnf ; wOD;pESpfOD;p yg0if=uonf? (108)ppf a 'oygwD a umf r wD o nf xd k o k d @ aomjypf w if ajymqd k = uonf h =um;Yyif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh 1971 ckESpfrSpI 1975 ckESpf txd 4 ESpfausmf 5 ESpfeDf;yg; umvrsm;wGif tcuftcJaygif;pHk=um;wGif ql;=um;rSm oD;yGifh&onfh bl;oD;yrm &yfwnfcJh&ygonf? 1975 ckESpfwGif ygwDA[dk (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDA[dk). 7510 pDrHudef; t& ta&S@ajrmufppfa'orS vltiftm;&Spf&meD;yg;r# yg0ifaom wyfr[m (683)onf u|efawmfwdk@. ajymufusm;a'o (108) e,fajrokd@ a&muf&Sdvmygonf? wdk@ESifhtwl a=u;pm;wyfrsm;vnf; aemufawmfyg;rS ajcwz0g;ruGm vdkufygvm=uygonf? (683) wyfr[monf oHvGifjrpftaemufbuful;onfESifh wyifwnf; a=u;pm;wyfrsm;onf xef;vsufcJudk yk&Gufqdwfrsm; tHkouJhodk@ 0dkif;tkHae=uygonf? a&S@rSydwf/ aemufuvdkuf/ ab;rS0dkufum pkyHvdkufae=uonf? rqv tpdk;&. ajcjrefwyfrrS enf;AsL[mrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ ppfwdkif;rsm;rS ppfAsL[mrsm; onfvnf; aumif; 0dkif;0ef;umqD; ydwfqdk@=uygonf? (683) wyfr[monf xdkuJhodk@ &efolrsm;0dkif;aeonfh=um;rS ae@nrjywf r&yfrem;xdk;azmufcsDwufcJhonf? Todk@csDwuf&mY xrif;udkyif eyfrSefatmif rpm;cJh =u&yg? rqv tpdk;&. &efukefr@&Sd ppfHk;csKyfonf wyfr[m (683) oHvGifjrpf taemufbuf ul;IcsDwufvmjcif;wGif rnfonfht}uHtpnfrsm; yg&Sdrnfqkdonfudk od&Sdvdk=uonf? xdk@a=umifh a=u;pm;wyfrsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onf tawmf}uD; a,muf 95

,ufcwfum txdwfwvef@ jzpfaeyHk ay:vGifaeygonf? wdk@. ajcjrefwyfr (55) rS enf;AsL[mwckESifh wyfrawmf(av) yg wGJzuf toHk;yvmygonf? wyfrawmf(av)rS ppfav,mOf (3) pif;onf wyfr[m (683) . csDwuf&mvrf;a=umif;wav#mufudk uif;axmufjcif;/ xdawG@wdkufyGJjzpfv#if ulnDI AHk;rsm;}uJcsjcif;/ pufaoewfrsm;jzifh ypfcwfjcif;rsm;udk yvkyfvmygonf? yefqef;&Sd u|efawmfwdk@. A[dkppfaumfr&SifHk;onfvnf; wyfr[m (683) . tcuftcJrsm; avsmh yg;ap&eftwGuf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o&Sd wyftcsKd @tm; !e=f um;um &efouqiifonfh l kd J G wdkufyGJwcsKd@udk yvkyfay;ygonf? r[mrdwfjzpfonfh &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA)wyf rsm;uvnf; ulnDyHhydk;ay;=uonf? T odk@jzifh (683) wyfr[monf &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf a'oudk acsmarmpGm a&muf&SdvmcJh=uygonf? u|efawmfwkd@. A[dkppfaumfr&SifHk;onf a=u;eef;jzifh u|efawmfhudkf wyfr[m (683) EdkifiHa&;rSL;ESifh tjrefqHk; vlcsif;awG@&ef !ef=um;vmygonf? T!ef=um;csuft& u|efawmfonf a=u;eef;puftzGJ@ESifh umuG,fa&;twGuf wyfpdwfwpdwfygac:I &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA) e,fokd@ csDwufcJhygonf? u|efawmfonf a=u;pm;ppfwyf rsm;. ppfa=umif;rsm;udk uGif;a&Smifum c&D; (3) &uft=umwGif (683) wyfr[mESifh vlcsif; awG@rdoGm;=uygonf? u|efawmfonf (683) wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDESifh ta&;ay: aqG;aEG;yJGy vkyygonf? xdaqG;aEG;yGwif wyfr[mEdiia&;rSL;vDusKH ;cse;f u oabmxm;wck wifjyyg f k J G kfH onf? xdkoabmxm;rSm a&S@vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tpnf;ta0;wck yvkyfvdkonf? TtwGuf vltiftm; (800) cef@twGuf qefESifhusef&duQmrsm;&&SdEdkifrnfh ae&mudk ,m,DtajcyEdkif&ef pDpOfay;apvkda=umif; aqG;aEG;ygonf? u|efawmfonf xkdtajctaeudk (108) ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD rsm;ESifhaomf vnf;aumif;/ axmufyHha&; Xme.wm0efcH &Jabmf aomif;wifESifhaomfvnf;aumif; a=u;eef;jzifh ndE_dif;&,l&ygonf? wkd@. oabmwlnDcsuft& wyfr[mwckvHk;udk (108) e,fajrokd@ csDwuf&ef qHk;jzwffygonf? odk@aomf TqHk;jzwfcsufudk oabmrwl rausvnfaom wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDtwGif;Y vlyk*~dKvfwcsdK@ &Sdaeygonf? ,if; yk*~dKvfrSm &Srf;jynfwyfrawmfe,fajrtwGif;&Sd a'owckjzpfaom vG,fac;a'oudk tajccsvdkygonf? vG,fac;awmifwef;onf wkwfjynf. usifuef;pef;ESifh wlonf[lI aomfvnf;aumif;/ tajccHpcef; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf a&ajrawmawmif yx0D taetxm;rStp tqifajyonfhae&m[lIaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqdk=uonf? TvG,fac;awmifwef;ay:wGif wkwfvlrsdK;wcsdK@ aexdkif=uonf? wdk@ onf jrif;vm;rsm;jzifh ta&mif;t0,ftul;toef;rsm; yvkyfI pD;yGm;a&;toifhtwifh ajyvnf=uonf? wzufrSmvnf; yJykwfap/h *sHK/ ajymif;zl;ESifh bdef;yifrsm;yg pdkufysdK;=u 96

onf? arG;jrLa&;rSmvnf; 0uf/ bJ/ =uufrsm;arG;jrL=uonf? xdkawmifay:wGif &Gmrsm; rsm;r&Sdyg? &Srf; vlrsKd;rsm;onf ajrjyef@vGifjyifawmifatmufY aexdkif=uolrsm; jzpfonf? vG,fac;awmifwef;onf rdrdodor# qdk&v#if }uD;rm;us,fjyef@jcif;r&Sdyg? tpdk;&ppfwyf rsm;onf tvG,fwuljzifh tcsdeftcgra&G; a&muf&SdEdkifygonf? yk*~dKvfonf ygwD A[dk. 7510 pDrHudef;ESifhtyif vG,fac;pDrHudef;tjzpf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o ygwD aumfrwDokd@ wifjyonf[k =um;cJhzl;onf? ,if;onf wjcm;vlr[kwf (683) wyfr[m . 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL; vDppflyif jzpfonf? Tjy\emtm; ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'orS 'k-wyfr;&Jabmfwdkufatmif qif;vmI udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&onf? vufcHvufrcH/ ajyvnfonf-rajyvnfonfudk tckdiftrm rod&Sd&yg? um,uH&Sif yk*~dKvf rsm;vnf; toufxif&Sm; r&Sd=uawmhI qdkif&mtzJG@tpnf;rsm;omv#if od&Sd=uygrnf? (683) wyfr[mwGif wyf&if; (3) &if;&Sdonf? xdkwyf&if;rsm;onf 4045/ 4047/ 502 wyf&if;rsm;jzpf.? xdkwyf&if;rsm;wGif 57 vufr aemufyGifhtajrmuf odk@r[kwf 75 vufr aemufyGifhtajrmufrsm; wvufpD yg&Sd=uonf? wkwfjynfvkyf 81 rr armfwmrsm;vnf; yg=uonf? wyfr[mHk;wGif cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;wifonfh jrif;ESifhvm;rsm; taumifa& 30 eD;yg;r# yg&Sdygrnf? wyfom;trsm;pkonf 0,vlrsdK;rsm; jzpf+yD; au'gwyfrSL;rsm;onf udk;uef@wkwfvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh 0,vlrsdK;wcsdK@yif jzpfygonf? (10*) ppfa'owGif qefpyg;xGufonfhe,frsm;rSm ausmuf*l/ rdkif;,Gif;ESifh rdkif;vef;/ rdkif;jyif; e,frsm;jzpfonf? ajryJxGuf&Sdonfh e,frSm aemifvHk/ aemif0dk;e,frsm; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh wyfr[m (683)udk qefpyg;xGuf&Sdonfh ausmuf*l/ rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef;e,f 3 ck. qHkcsufae&mjzpfaom eef@vrf;jrpfab; awmwGif;wae&mY ,m,D pcef;cs tajcy&ygonf? ausmuf*lonf &efolwyfcJGpcef;tjzpf tajcyxm;onf? xdk&GmrS qefwif; (80) (Ta'oYwwif;v#if (2) cJG&Sd+yD; wcJGwGif (10) jynf/ wjynfv#ifEdk@qDAl; (10) vHk;&Sdonf?) rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef;ESifh rdkif;jyif;e,frsm;rS qefwif;tcsKd@ &&Sdapa&; pDpOf& ygonf? wcsdK@udk0,fI wcsdK@udk vlxku tultnDtjzpf ay;=uonf? tvm;wl aemifvHke,frS ajryJqD (5) ykH; (yd\m 50) / aemif0dk;e,frSvnf; tvm;wl ta&twGuf &&SdcJhygonf? tjyif EGm;/ 0uf/ bJ/ =uuf ponfh [if;v#mtom;rsm;ESifh toD;t&Guf rsm;udvnf; a&mif;csjcif;/ ulnjD cif;yvky=f uonf? wyf&if; wyfz@GJ rsm;onf wyfr[mH;k . k ab;ywfvnf&Sd awmifukef;rsm; awmifwef; rsm;tay:wGif cHuwkwfusif;rsm;wl;I tqifoifh jyifqif ae&m,lxm;=uonf? wyfzJG@wcsdK@udk xkwfEkwfI ta0;uif;rsm; ozG,f v_yf&Sm;apygonf? ausmuf*l&Sd &efolwyfcJGonfvnf;aumif;/ wkefavm/ eef@rvef&Sd ppfwyfrsm; onfvnf;aumif; wGif;atmif;uufrsm;yrm wdk@. wyfpcef;&Sd uwkwfusif;rsm;xJ 97

rSmyif ykef;atmif;ae=uygonf? a=u;pm; ppfwyfrsm;onf wdk@xuf vlvufeuftif tm; omvGefaumif;rGefonf[k ,lqv#if wdk@onf usm;opfeH@&onfh acG;rsm;yrm ajr}uD;ESifh zif'&GwfwdkufaeouJhodk@yif zifoDae=uygonf? xdktajctaeY wyfr[m (683) . ygwDaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;udk usif;y=u ygonf? wyfr[mEdkifiHa&;rSL; vDusHK;csef;u u|efawmfhtm; tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf ygqdkI wufa&mufcJhygonf? tpnf;ta0;Y u|efawmfonf atmufygoabmxm; tjrifrsm;yg&Sdaom t}uH^m%f rsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf? (1) wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDtaejzifh wdk@.wyfrsm;jzpfaom wyf&if; 3 &if;udk wae&mwnf; pkpnf;xm;v#if tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; &SdEdkifonf? (2) tcuf t cJ t usyf t wnf ; rsm;rS m (u) ,cka&muf&Sdaeonfh a'orsm;onf oHvGifjrpf ta&S@ bufe,fajr rsm;ESifh rwlyg? txl;ojzifh &efol. twGif;pnf; jzpfaeygonf? (c) &efolrsm;onf wdk@twGif;udk a&muf&Sdvmonfh (683) wyfr[m udk ppfa&;t& acsr_ef;wdkufcdkuf&efrSm rsm;pGmtcGifhtvrf;omygrnf? (wdk@.wyfrsm;tm; tjref pkpnf;Edkif+yD;tjrefvnf; jzef@cJGEdkif.? wenf;tm;jzifh tjrefpk/ tjrefwdkuf/ tjrefjzef@cJGEdkifonfh tcGifhtvrf; onf &efoltwGufomvGef+yD; rdrdtwGuf csnfheJ@aeygonf?) (*) u|efawmfwdk@wyfrsm;onf ppftiftm;}uD;rm;onfh &efolESifh &ifqdkif &rnfjzpfI tqHk;t_H;txdtcdkuf rsm;Edkifygonf? a&&SnfYrl tcuftcJ }uD;rm;Edkifonf? (C) ppf a &;t&qd k v #if u|ef a wmf w d k @ .wyf r sm;onf v_ y f & S m ;ppf rqifEibJ cHppfaob0 usa&mufom;Edionf? cHppfaob0jzifh vufO;D kd f G kf r_rJhum &efolyor# Ek=u&rnhf tajc jzpfonf? (i) rdrdwyftiftm;udk tuif;rJhpkpnf;xm;v#if &duQmvnf; cuf/ wyfom;rsm;vnf; tem;&=urnf r[kwfyg? udk,fa&m pdwfyg ppfyef; EGrf;e,fvmonfh b0a&muf=u&rnfom jzpf ygonf? (3) rd r d t if t m;rsm; jzef @ cJ G j cif ; ES i f h ae&mcsxm;jcif ; (u) rdrdtiftm; jzef@cJG&mY tuif;rJh jzef@cJGjcif;udk qef@usif&rnf? wyf r[mygwDaumfrwDonf vdktyfonfhtiftm;udk pkpnf;xm;onfh t ajccHrS jzef@cJGr_udk yvkyf&rnf? (c) wyf&if;udktjccHaom jzef@cJGae&mcsxm;a&;udk yvkyfoifhygonf? (*) wyf&if;ygwDaumfrwDrsm;onf rdrdwdk@. wyf&if;rsm;udk ae&mcs 98

xm;onfh e,fajrtwGif; vlxktzJG@tpnf;rsm; xlaxmif=u&rnf? jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfrsm;udk wnfaqmuf=u&rnf? vdktyf+yD; oifh avsmrnfh tcGetwkwrsm;udvnf; aumufc&rnf? aiGa=u;bmrsm; f f f k H udk pepfwuscef@cGJ toHk; yoGm;=u&rnf? (C) wyf&if;ygwDaumfrwDrsm;onf rdrdwyf&if;. ppfa&;/ vlxkpnf;Hk; a&;ESifh ygwDwnfaqmufa&;/ wyfwnfaqmufa&;/bmaxmufyHha&;/ pD;yGm;a&; ponhfvkyfief;rsm;udk ESpfpOfpDrHcsufa&;qGJ vkyfaqmifoGm;=u &rnf? Tonfudkvnf; wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDokd@ wifjytwnf ycsuf &,l&efvdkygonf? (4) wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDHk;onf &efol.tajctaersm;t& v_yf&Sm;Hk; jzpfoifhonf? Twyfr[mHk;udkumuG,f&eftwGuf wyf&if; w&if;rS vl/ vufeuftif tm; 30 &Sdonfhwyfpkudk ay;=u&rnf? wyfpk 3 pk tiftm; 90 jzifh umuG,f&rnf? Ttiftm;onf a=u;pm;ppfwyfrS ppfa=umif;wa=umif;udk &ifqdkifEdkifayrnf? u|efawmfonf azmfjyygoabmxm;rsm;udk t}uHywifjycJhonf? xdkwifjy csufudk wyfr[m 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfonfh vDppflonf tpydkif;Y vufrcHEdkif[kqdkonf? ,if;oabmxm;onf ykef;aea&;oufouf [kqdkygonf? vDppflonf ,ckvdk ol.tjrifudk ajymqdkaqG;aEG;&mwGif wkwfbmom pum;jzifh ajymqdkojzifh EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfonfh vDusHK;csef;rS Armbmomjzifh tusOf;jyef qdkay;ygonf? vDppflonf pum;ajymqdk&mY }uKHcJhzl;or#wGif tjrifrwlv#if a'gojzifh ezl;a=umrsm;wif;um acgif;rS qHyifrsm;yif axmifvmonftxd ajymqdkwwfygonf? Tonf ADZtusifhyJvm; rajymwwf? TtajymtqkdrsKd; r}uKHpzl; }uKHcJh&ygonf? u|efawmf. Toabmxm;wifjycsufudk a,bk,staeESifh wyfr[mygwD aumfrwDu vufcHygonf? (683) wyfr[mEdkifiHa&;rSL;ESifh wyfr[mygwD aumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL; vDusHK;csef;onf wyf&if;toD;oD;tm; ae&mcsxm;a&;ESifh e,fajrowf rSwfay;a&;udk tcdkiftrm pDpOfaqmif&Gufoljzpfonf? u wyfrsm;rjzef@cGJrDwGif &efol.ppfa=umif;wa=umif;udk wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;vdkonf[k ajymqdkonf? Tonfudk tm;vHk;rS oabmwl=uygonf? Axl;r@&Sd Axl;ppfausmif;udk umuG,f&onfhwyfrS xkwfEkwfvmonfh wyfwwyfonf xl;atmif ppfa=umif;trnfESifh v_yf&Sm;aeonf? xkdppfa=umif;(One Column) udk wdkufcdkuf&ef a&G;cs,f owfrSwf=uonf? xdkwdkufyGJtm; pDpOfOD;pD;rnfhol onf vDusHK;csef;udk,fwdkifyifjzpfonf? u|efawmf.wm0efrSm wdkufyJGrS'%f&m&&Sd olrsm;udk vHkcHpGm aq;ukoEdkif&ef pDpOfay;a&;jzpfonf? ,if;a=umifhu|efawmfonf (683) wyfr[m. aq;tzJG@ESifh (108) ppfa'oaq;tzJG@udk oifhav#mfrnfh &Jabmfrsm;ESifh 99

yl;aygif;zJG@pnf;um wm0efay;ygonf? aq;HkESifh aq;pcef;udkvnf; (108) ppfa'owyfrS wyfpkwpkudk ac:,lwm0efay;&avonf? ab;ywfvnf&Sdaus;&Gmrsm;rS jynfolrsm;udk vnf; owif;&&Sda&;ESifh vHkcHa&;twGuf tultnDrsm; awmif;cH&ygonf? tjyif &efo@l a=u;eef;owif;rsm;tm; =um;jzwfzrf;onhf (Intercept) tvkyfudkvnf; (108) ppfa'oa=u;eef;tzJG@udk ac:,lwm0efay;&onf? &&Sdonfh owif;rsm;udk vdktyfv#if vDusHK;csef;xHydk@&ef wyfr[ma=u;eef;XmerS 2 OD;udk ac:,lwm0efay;&ygonf? atmif v if ; xl ; ppf a =umif ; tm; wd k u f c d k u f a csr_ e f ; jcif ; tpdk;&ppfwyfrS ppfa=umif;rsm;onf (683) wyfr[mHk; ,m,Dwnf&Sd&m ausmuf*l/ rdkif;,Gif;ESifh rdkif;vef;e,fajrrsm;udk OD;wnfI xdk;ppfqifvmaeonf? T umvwGif (683) wyfr[mHk;onf ausmuf*la'o cJ[D;&Gm. ta&S@awmifbuf eef@ vrf;jrpfab;awmwGif; wae&mY &Sdaeayonf? eef@rvefr@ESifh wkefavmbufrSvnf; ppfa=umif;wa=umif;u aemif0dk;e,fxJ udk 0ifa&muf&i;f vif;ygonf? tjcm;aomppfa=umif;rsm;vnf; rdi;f ,Gi;f rS taemufbuf S k eef@vrf;jrpfudkOD;wnfI &Sif;vif;aeonf? tifawme,fbufrSvnf; ppfa=umif; 2 a=umif;u eef@vrf;jrpf udk ab;csif;,SOfI ajrmufzufokd@ OD;wnf&Sif;vif;aeonf? atmifvif;xl;ppfa=umif;onf ausmuf*le,f qDqHk*Edkif&GmrS cJ[D;&Gmbufudk awmvrf;twdkif; eef@vrf;jrpfzuf udk OD;wnfI csDwuf &Sif;vif;ygonf? Tppfa=umif; rsm;udk OD;pD;uGyfuJonfrSm ajcjrefwyfr 55 rS 'k-wyfrrSL;[k od&ayonf? xdkwyfrrSL; onf wdk@e,ftwGif; t&JpGef@0ifvmonfh (683) wyfr[mudk rSwfom;avmufatmif qHk;rjy rnf[k }udrf;0g;aeoljzpfonf? atmif v if ; xl ; ppf a =umif ; onf cJ [ D ; &G m awmif b uf v,f u G u f r sm;ES i f h v,fwJrsm;udk ppfAsL[majrmuf &Sif;vif;ae.? u|efawmfwdk@. wyfrsm;uvnf; Tppf a=umif;udk wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;&ef toifhae&m,lxm;=uonf? owfuGif;twGif; tm;vHk; r0ifao;I apmifhae=u&jcif; jzpfonf? r=umyg? aoewfoH/ vufypfAHk;aygufuGJoH rsm;ESifh 60 rr armfwmoHrsm; AZlumusnfaygufuGJoHrsm;onf ywf0ef;usif&Sd awm awmifrsm;udk dkufcwfyJhwifoGm;ygawmhonf? Tppfa=umif;wckvHk;eD;yg;udk acsr_ef;Edkifonf[k qdk&ygrnf? ay:vpD t m; rS m ;,G i f ; pG m vk y f a qmif c J h j cif ; Ttcsufudk arhcsefxm;cJhI rjzpfay? u|efawmfwkd@ (108) ppfa'otwGuf trSwfw&tjzpf oifcef;pm,l&rnfhtcsuf jzpfaeygonf? xdktcsufrSm ppfa'oygwD aumfrwDw&yfvHk;ESifh rywfoufyg? (108) ppfa'ozJG@ pnf;+yD;aemuf wESpfcef@t=um wGif (1972 - 73) ESpfrsm;yif jzpfrnf? ESpfrsm;Y ppfa'o&Sd &Srf;vlrsdK;rsm;aexdkifaom aemif0dk;ESifh rdkif;,Gif;a'orsm;wGif qif;&Jom;v,form;or*~rsm; pnf;Hk;zGJ@pnf;&ef 100

jzpfonf? TudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDtwGif;Y zGJ@oifh rzGJ@oifhESifh tcsdef umva&mufra&mufudk t}udwfte,faqG;aEG; jiif;cHk=u&avonf? ppfa'oygwDaumf rwD twGif;a&;rSL; &Jabmfjrrif;u qif;&Jom;v,form;or*~rsm; zJG@pnf;xlaxmifjcif; onf tcsdefumvtm;jzifh apmaeonf[k tjrif&Sdonf? u ynmay;jyifqif&rnfh tcsdefESifh ppfa&;t& wpHkw&m wnf+idrf&ef vdkao;onf[k qdkavonf? xdk@jyif vlrsdK;pk a'orsm;jzpfI EdkifiHa&;t& vlwef;pm;todt& vHkavmufr_rjynfhpHk[kvnf; qdkay onf? ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD 'k-twGif;a&;r; &Jabmf&JxGef;.tjrifrSm aemif0dk;/ rdkif;,Gif;a'orsm;onf 1949-50 ESpfrsm;rSpI Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDrS vufeufudkif wyfrsm; a&muf&SdtajccscJhonhfa'orsm; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh EdkifiHa&;ESifh vlwef;pm; tod tpdrf;oufoufe,frsm; r[kwf=uyg? ,if;tjrift&qdkv#if qif;&Jom;or*~ rsm;udk pnf;Hk;azmfxkwfoifhonf[k qdkvdkonf? u|efawmfu &Jabmf&JxGef;.tjrifudk axmufcHcJhonf? qif;&Jom;v,f orm;or*~rsm;udk pnf;Hk;xlaxmifoGm;&rnf? TtwGuf aemif0dk;ESifh rdkif;,Gif;e,frsm;&Sd aus;&Gmvl}uD;rsm;udk pkpnf;um vlwef;pm;ynmay;onfhoabmrsdK;jzifh oifwef;wck zGivpy@kd csoif.? TtwGuf &Jabmf&xe;f rS t"duwm0ef,+l yD; &Jabmfaomif;wifonf hf S f h J G wGJzufwm0ef ,loifhygonf? &Jabmfaomif;wifonf &Srf;pum;ESifh &Srf;pmyg wwfonfh yk*~dKvfjzpfI bmomjyefqdkay;Edkifygonf? &Jabmfjrrif;onf Tudpukd qufI tjiif;ryGm;vdonfoabmESihf trsm;pk. P k h tjriftm; oabmwl acgif;ndwfvdkufyHk&onf? u|efawmf.ADZvlwef;pm;onf aus; vufqif;&Jom; v,form;rsm;jzpfonf? rdbrsm;onf tnmaus;vufa'orS jzpf onf? u|efawmfonf rvdrfrnm dk;om;pGm0efcH&v#if rdrd.vlwef;pm;ta=umif;udk odem;vnfjcif; r&Sdyg? xdk@a=umifh &Jabmf&JxGef;.qif;&Jom;v,form;rsm;or*~ pnf;Hk; azmfxkwfa&;tay:udk pdwf0ifwpm; &Sdaejcif;jzpfonf? jynfol@'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;onf tESpfom&tm;jzifh ajr,m awmfvSefa&; yif jzpfonf[k qdonf? Tawmfvea&;udk pdwa&mud,yg axmufconfh tiftm;rsm; k S f f k f H rSmvnf; aus;vufqif;&Jom; v,form;rsm;yif jzpfonf? udkvdkeDwydkif; ya'o&mZf wydkif; EkdifiHrsm;wGif qifE$J=u&rnfh awmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; ya'o&mZfqef@usifa&; 'Drdkua&pDopf awmfvSefa&;yif jzpf.? Tawmf vSefa&;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh vrf;a=umif;vrf;oG,f trsdK;rsdK;&SdEdkifygonf? tqifhrsm;vnf; &SdEdkifygonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap aus;vufa'o rsm;onf awmfvSefa&;. tajccHpcef;rsm;tjzpf qufvufwnfaqmuf Edkifao;onf? aus;vufa'orsm;onf tm%m&tk y f p d k ; ol r sm;. =oZmtm%mcsnh f e J @ tm;enf ; onf h ae&mjzpf y gonf ? 101

xdk@a=umifh aus;vuf v,form;vlxktm; pnf;Hk;&ef vdk+rJvdktyfayonf? rnfodk@ pnf;Hk;rnfenf;? Ttcsufudk u|efawmfonf tawmfpdwf0ifwpm;&Sdonf? odk@aomf TtwGuf vufawGvkyfaqmif&ef A[kokw vGefpGmtm;enf;ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'o ygwDaumfrwDonf aemif0dk;/ rdkif;,Gif;e,fudk prf;oyfe,fajrrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfygonf? Te,fajrrsm;wGif qif;&Jom;v,form; or*~rsm; aus;&GmESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk 40 ausmfY zJG@pnf;xlaxmifcJh=uonf? xdkodk@ zJG@pnf;=u&mY vlwef;pm;tv$m cGJjcm;owfrSwf=u&ygonf? tv$mcJGjcm; owfrSwf =u&mY a,bk,stm;jzifh pHxm;&rnfh tcsuf 3 csufESifh cJGjcrf;pdwfjzm=u&ayonf? TpHxm;csuf 3 csufrSm (1) ydkifqdkifr _? ydkifqdkifr_qdk&mwGif a,bk,stm;jzifh ajr,mrsm;/ O,smOf +cHajrrsm;ESifh aetdrftaqmuftODrsm; v,f,mvkyfud&d,m rsm; (u|J/ EGm;rsm;ESifh xGefwkef;/ xGefoefrsm;) ESifh twGif; ypPnf; rsm; pdef/ a&$/ aiG vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; jzpfonf? (2) cJGa0toHk;csr_? TcGJa0toHk;csr_onf txufwGif azmfjycJhonfh ajr,m ESifh O,smOf+cHajrrsm;tygt0if ypPnf;OpPm tm;vHk;onf rnf okd@rnfyHk cGJa0toHk;csonfudk qdkvdkygonf? (Oyrm ydkifqdkif xm;aomv,f,mrsm;ESifh O,smOf+cHajrrsm;udk oD;pm; odk@r [kwf tzufay; jcif; odk@r[kwf vliSm;rsm;ESifh vkyfudkifjcif;udk qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf?) (3) vlvlcsif;qufqHr_ ? vlcsif;qufqHr_tydkif;onf t&Sif;vif;qHk;ESifh tvG,fulqHk;ajym&v#if tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform; qufqH a&;/ ajr&SifESifh ajru|efqufqHa&;/ ypPnf;&SifESifhypPnf;rJh quf qHa&;/ ocifESifhu|ef qufqHa&;wdk@yif jzpfonf? azmfjyygpHxm;csuf (3) csufwGif vlvlcsif; qufqHa&;tcsufonf t"duESifh y"meusaom tcsufyif jzpfonf? xdkvkyfief;udk wm0ef,l vkyfudkif=u&onfh &Jabmf rsm;onf pHy&rnfh rloabmxm;rsm;t& vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf=uaomfvnf; trSm; t,Gif;rsm;/ twdrf;tapmif;rsm; &SdcJhygonf? ay:vGifxif&Sm;onfh trSm;onf csrf;om aom v,form; vlwef;pm;tay: xm;&Sd&rnfh oabmxm;ESifh vkyf&yftcsdK@yif jzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@ ygwD. (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD) ajr,mvrf;pOfwGif qif;&Judk tajccH/ tvwfudk r[mrdwfy/ csrf;omudk =um;xm;/ ajr&Sif udkOD;wnfwdkuf[k azmfjy yg&Sdonf? ajr&Sifvlwef;pm;udk OD;wnfwdkufEdkifa&;twGuf csrf;omonfhv,form; vlwef;pm;udk aumif;pGm =um;xm;EdkifrSomv#if wdkufcdkuf&rnfh&efoludk xdxdrdrd 102

wdkufcdkufEdkifrnf[k qdkygonf? csrf;omaom v,form; vlwef;pm;udk =um;xm;&rnfh oabmxm; Toabmxm;onf &Sif;ovdkESifh _yfaxG;onf[k qdk&ygrnf? csrf;omonfh v,form;vlwef;pm;udk =um;tjzpfxm;&mwGif a,bk,s taeESifh atmufygtcsuf (3) csufjzifh udkufnD&ygrnf? (1) EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;ray;& (2) vkyfief;rsm; csKyfcs,f (3) pD;yGm;xddef;odrf;qdkonfwdk@ jzpfonf? EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&; ray;& qdk&mwGif a,bk,stm;jzifh aus;&Gm odk@r[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpkrsm;wGif awmifolv,form; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ or*~rsm;wGif yg0ifa&G;cs,f ydici/hf qENray;cGihf r&S&yg? vkyief;csKyfcs,q&mwGif vkyuionfh pD;yGm;a&; vkyief; kfG J d f f kd f kd f f rsm;wGif aoG;pkyfonfhtydkif;udkom uef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;&rnf jzpfonf? pD;yGm;a&; xdef;odrf;&rnfqdkonfhtydkif;rSmvnf; ydkifv,f,majrrsm;ESifh O,smOf+cHajrrsm;/ v,fvyu&,mrsm; ( u|/J EGm;rsm;) udk awmifov,form;or*~rsm;tm; todray;bJ k f d d l rdroabmESihf a&mif;csjcif;/ iSm;&rf;jcif;/ aygiEa&$@ ajymif;jcif;rsm;udk ryvky&ef xde;f odr;f d f HS f xm;&Sd&rnf[k qdkvdkygonf? txufazmfjyygoabmxm;rsm;t& vkyuiaqmif&uc=hJ uaomfvnf; vuf f kd f G f awG@wGif trSm;t,Gif; twdrf;tapmif;rsm; &SdcJhavonf? csrf;omaom v,form;vl wef;pm;onf wdk@.v,f,mvkyfief;rsm;udk odompGm av#mhcsvkyfudkifvm=uonf? ydkifypPnf; OpPmrsm;vnf; v#Kd@0SufpGm ajymif;a&$@a&mif;cs=uonf? wzufrSmvnf; ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;rsm; usqif;um aus;vufa'o pD;yGm;zGH@z;a&;onf ,kwfav#mh us qif;vm.? T'%f&m'%fcsufrsm;. wdkufdkuftusKd;cHpm;=u&onfholrsm;rSm qif;&J om; v,form;rsm;yif jzpfonf? Ttcsufonf u|ef awmfwdk@ rSm;,Gif;usL;vGefchJaom vuf0Jwdrf;apmif;r_trSm;[k qdk&ygrnf? v,form;qdk&mrSmvnf; v,fvkyfolwdkif;udk v,form;[k rac:qdkEdkifyg? v,form;qdkonfrSm v,f,majrrsm;udk t"duxm;I toufarG;0rf;a=umif; vkyfudkif pm;aomuf=uolrsm;omv#if v,form;[k qdk&ygrnf? wenf;qdkaomf v,f,m vkyfief;wGif ta&;}uD;onfh tvkkyfcsdefumvonf a,bk,stm;jzifh oHk;}udrfr# &Sdygrnf? rSm xGef,ufcsdef (uqkef/ e,kef/ 0gqdk) (3) v jzpfonf? pdkufysKd;csdef (0gacgif/ awmfovif;/ oDwif;u|wf) (3) v jzpf.? &dwfodrf;csdef (waqmifrkef;/ ewfawmf/ jymqdk) (3) v pkpkaygif; (9)v &uftm;jzifh 270 r#&Sdrnf? xdktvkyfcsdefudk rdrdudk,fwdkif tcsdefjynfheD;yg; yg&Sdvkyfudkifaom yk*~dKvfukdrS v,form;[k ac:qdkEdkifygrnf? 103

Tonf u|eawmfw@kd . ajr,mvrf;pOfukd vufawG@vyaqmifcaom tawG@ f k f hJ tuHxJrS tcsuftvuftcsKd@udkom oifcef;pmtjzpfESifh xkwfEkwfazmfjyjcif;om jzpfonf? v,form;jy\emESSifh ajr,mjy\emonf us,f0ef;euf_dif;ygonf? ae&m a'o rwljcm;em;ouJhodk@ ajr,mrSmvnf; rwluGJjym;onfh pnf;pepfrsm; ArmjynfwGif wnf&Sdaeygonf? Armjynf&Sd v,f,majrjy\emrsm;udk pepfwutcsdef,lum avhvm okawoeyoifh=uygonf? jynf o l r sm;acgif ; jywf = u&wJ h j zwf a v;jzwf ? u|efawmfwdk@&J@ ajymufusm;a'o (108) e,fajrudk tpdk;&onf tjrpfjzwf onfhenf;jzifh acsr_ef;zdk@ vkyfvmygonf? Tvkyf&yfonf ausmuf*le,frSm pwifvkyf aqmifcJhjcif; jzpfonf? a'orSm aexdkif=uonfh &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif a'ocHjynfol awGudk t}uD;tus,f twd'kuQ a&mufapcJhygonf? vlawG tajcrJhtaerJh 'kuQa&muf =ukHomru wd&dp>mefawGjzpfonfh u|J/ EGm;/ bJ/ 0uf/ =uufygrusef tm;vHk; twd 'kuQa&muf=u&onf[k qkdEkdifygonf? rqv ppftpdk;&onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk ausmuf*la'orSm ajcrcs Edkifatmif jzwfav;jzwf pDrHudef;cs yvkyfvmjcif; jzpfygonf? umv 1978 ckESpf avmufrSm ausmuf*le,fwGif aus;&Gmaygif; 27 &GmeJ@ vlOD;a&pkpkaygif; 20000 ESpfaomif; eD;yg;r# &Sdaeygonf? a'owckvHk;u &GmawGtm;vHk;udk w&Gmrusef ppfpcef;&Sd&m ausmuf*l&Gmokd@ ajymif;a&$@aexdkif=u&rSm jzpfonf? ausmuf*l&Gmonf ppfwyfrS wyfcGJ wcGJ tajcyxm;onfh pcef;tjzpfwnf&SdcJhaomfvnf; ppfa&;t& xdk;ppfrsm; yvkyf vmonfhtcgwGifrl wyfpcef;onf ppfa=umif;Hk;/ AsL[mHk;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ oGm;wufygonf/ ausmuf*la'o &Gmtrsm;pkrSm ESpfy&dap>'&Snf=umpGm aexdkifvmcJh=uaom aus;&Gmrsm;jzpf=uonf? &Gmrsm;wGif ysOfaxmifoGyfrdk; tdrf}uD;tdrfaumif;rsm;vnf; &Sd=uonf? &GmOD;rSm aqmufvkyfudk;uG,fxm;aom bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;rsm;rSmvnf; 'g,dum/ 'g,dumrrsm; trsm;tjym;u vSL'gef;aqmufvkyfxm;=uonfhtwGuf ysOf umoGyfrdk;rsm;ESifh tcdkiftrm&Sdae=uygonf? Ak'<bmom udk;uG,fonfha'ojzpfI tcsKd@ &GmawGrSm bk&m;apwDykxdk;ESifh odrfZ&yfawGyg tcdkiftrm &Sdae=u onf? &Gmtawmf rsm;rsm;rSm t&dyftm0goaumif;vSonfh anmifyif/ ydEMJyif/ refusnf;yifrsm;vnf; &Sd=uonf? opfyifrsm;onf ESpfaygif; &Snf=umpGm &SdcJh=uonfh ouf&ifhyif}uD;awG jzpf.? &Gmwdkif; tdrfwdkif;u udk,fpDudk,fiS rdrdwdk@. tdrf+cH0ef;awGrSm pdkufysKd;xm;=uonfh 104

iSufaysm/ oabFm/ o&uf/ rmvmumyifawGuvnf; O,smOfwr# pdrf;vef;pdkjynf aus;iSufom&umawGyg em;cdk&m pH&dyfrHawG jzpfaecJhygonf ? ,ckuJhokd@ ESpfv&Snf=um wnf&SdvmcJh=uonfh rdrdwdk@&Gm rdrdwdk@tdrfrsm;udk pGef@cGm+yD; ae=u&rnfqdkv#if rnfolrS aevdk=urnfr[kwfyg? ppfwyf.trdef@ tm %mjzpfonfhtwGuf rvGefqefEdkif=uawmhbJ rajymif;csif=uaomfvnf; }udwfrSdwf+yD; rausreyf pdwfESvkH; rcsrf;ajr@pGmjzifh ajymif;=u a&$@=u&rn@fb0 qkdufa&mufoGm;=uygonf? jzwfav;jzwfqdk&mrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtygt0if vuf eufudkifawmf vSefa&; tiftm;pkrsm;udk tjrpfjywfacsr_ef;onfh ppfa&;enf;AsL[m wckom jzpfygonf? wenf;ajym&v#if vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;udk jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f ryvkyfEdkifatmif wm;qD;[ef@wm; ydwfqdk@xm;a&;yJ jzpfygonf? rqv tpdk;&ppfwyfawG.tac:t0:t&qdkv#if awmfvSefa&;tiftm;awGudk jynfolvlxkESifh tquf j zwf a &;/ &d u Q m jzwf a &;/ owif ; rsm; r&&S d a tmif jzwf a wmuf x m;a&;/ jynfolawGvlxktm; OD;acgif;udk jzwfawmufokwfoifa&;qdkonfh jzwfav;jzwfyif jzpfygawmhonf? b,fvdkyJ tjrpfjywfacsr_ef;a&; vkyfcJhvkyfcJh/ jynfwGif;ppfumv wav#muf vHk;rSm b,folu b,foludkrS tjrpfjywfatmif rjzwfEdkifcJh=uyg? 'gudk jynfwGif;ppf ordkif;u xif&Sm;yDjyifpGm oufaoxlcJhygonf? oufao xlaeygonf? wjynfvHk;u vlrsKd;aygif;pHk vkyfom;jynfolrsm;omv#if acgif;jywf=u&wm rsm;ygonf? jynfwGif;ppf&J@ '%fudk tqdk;&Gm;qHk;cH&olrsm;rSm ajrpmyifjzpf=u&aom jynfolawGom jzpfygonf? ,ckvnf; ausmuf*la'ou &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif vlrsKd;awGrSm tdk;ypftdrfypf &Gmudkyif pGef@ypfxm;cJh=u&+yD; ausmuf*l&Gmwyfpcef;teD; ab;ywfvnfrSm ae=u&wmjzpfonff? ppfwyfu pcef;rSL;qkdol owfrSwfcsay;xm;onfh ajruGufvyfav;awGrSm ae=u&jcif; jzpfonf? t&dytm0gouif;rJaeonfh vGiw;D acgirm jzpfovdk aexdi=f u&onfh b0yg? f h f f S k trsm;pkrSm ,dkifeJ@eJ@ 0g;tdrf uav;rsm;udkaqmuf+yD; ae=u&wm jzpfonf? &Gmaygif; 27 &Gmu vlOD;a& 20000 ESpfaomif;wkd@onf ywfodyfusyfnyfpGmjzifh avmu i&JwGif; okd@ t&Sifvwfvwfusa&mufaeonfhyrm aexkdifcJh=u&avonf? aEG rdk; &moDawGa&muf+yDqkdv#if 0rf;ysuf/ 0rf;azma&m*gESifh iSufzsm;a&m*g/ tla&mifief;zsm;a&m*grsm;a=umifh uav;/vl}uD; tawmfrsm;rsm; toufqkH;_H; cJh=u&yg onf? 'D=um;xJ rlv&Gmrsm;wGif usef&pfcJhonfh pyg;/ ajryJ/ ESrf;paom oD;ESHrsm;ukd tjrefqkH; oGm;a&muf o,f,l =u&ygao;onf? olwkd@owfrSwfxm;onfhae&mrSmom &duQmawGukd pkpnf;xm;&Sd&rnfqkdonfh ppfwyf.trdef@twkdif; &Gmom;rsm;crsm vkdufem xm;&Sd=u&jcif; jzpfygonf? xkdr#omru ae@pOfae@wkdif; &Gmtvkduf w&Gmv#if &Gmom; okH;av;OD;pDyg0if+yD; tvSnfhusoabmrsKd;jzifh ausmuf *lppfwyfpcef;.t&yfav;rsufESm 105

okH;rkdifc&D;ywfvnf{&d,mtwGif; vSnfhvnfppfaq;um awmfvSefa&;wyfrsm;.ajc&m udk vkdufvH =unfh_ &+yD; awG@rawG@ owif;ydk@=u&ygao;onf? nbuftcsdefrSmvnf; &Gmtvdkuf vufeufryg tvSnfhus uif;apmifh=u&ygonf? v,fvkyfcsdef ,mvkyfcsdef a&mufv#ifvnf; reuf 7 em&DrS aetdrfrsm;u xGuf=u&onf? nae 5 em&DtcsdefrSm rdrdwdk@ aetdrftoD;oD;okd@ ta&mufjyef=u& onf? ppfwyfu 'Dvdkpnf;urf;awG csrSwfxm;onfhtwGuf tdrfrS tvSrf;a0;uGmaom v,f,majrwGif vkyfudkif=u&aomolrsm;rSm oGm;&jyef&ESifh tvkyfvkyfcsdef enf;yg;onfh twGuf tcuf}uKH&jyefygao;onf? v,f,mvkyfief;cGifokd@ oGm;a&mufvkyfudkif=u &onfhtcgwGifvnf; xrif;xkyf,lroGm;&/ aq;ayghvdyf oHk;vdyfxuf ydkr,l&/ opfom; rD;jcpfqH ig;qHxuf ydkr,l& ponfhtrdef@pnf;urf;rsm;uvnf; &Sdaeygao;onf? 'DypPnf; awG tydktv#H ,laqmifoGm;rdygu olykefoluefrsm;udk tm;ay;axmufcHol[k ajymqdk +cdrf;ajcmufygao;onf? t&m&m ppfwyfu xdef;csKyfxm;vdk@ tdrfoltdrfom;rsm; ae@pOf csufywfpm;zdk@ qefudkyif ppfpcef;twGif; xkwf,lpm;aomufae=u&onfh b0yg? 'gawGtm;vHk;[m jzwfav;jzwf.'%f&m'%fcsufESifh tusKd;qufawGyJ jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@uGefjrLepfygwD0ifawGESifh awmfvSefa&;wyfom;awGtzdk@ 'Dvkyf &yfawGa=umifh wpHw&m tcuftcJ&ayr,fh &ifqiausmvm;Ediygonf? u|eawmfw@kd rm k dS kd f f $ kf f S a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifh v#Kd@0SufqufoG,fr_rsm;&Sd=u+yD; wdk@. t}uH^m%frsm;twdkif; vdkufemaqmif&Guf=uonfhtwGufvnf; tckvdk ausmfv$m;EdkifcJhjcif; jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@. a'oqdkif&m oabmxm;ay:vpDudkvnf; ,ckuJhokd@ csrSwfcJh ygao;onf? oabmxm;ay:vpD t usOf ; ? aus;&Gmvl}uD;rsm;taeESifh rsufESmESpfzufudk wyifwnf; r#wpGm rsufESmrl=u &ygrnf ? vG,fvG,fajym&v#if ysm;vnf;pGJom &SOfhvnf; av#mufom oabmxm;vkyf [efudk usifhokH;zdk@yJ jzpfygonf? odk@aomfvnf; tiftm;}uD;ol. =oZmtm%mpufonf ydkIpl;&Sxufjrufygvdrfhrnf? 'gudkvnf; todtrSwfy&ygrnf? qdkvdkwmu EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&. tqifhqifhaom tm%mrsm;ESifh tvkyfrsm;ukdyg tav;xm;vkyf=u&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf? awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawG.tvkyfudkvnf; vspfvsL_xm;I rjzpfyg? 'Doabmxm; ay:vpDudk p+yD;taumiftxnfazmfpu tawG@ tuHr&Sdao; onfhtavsmuf aus;&Gmvl}uD;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm rvkyfwwfrudkifwwf jzpf=u&yg onf? wcsdK@&GmawGu &Gmvl}uD;ae&mukd tvSnfhusvkyfa&;qdk+yD; vkyfvmwmtxd 106

jzpfcJhygonf? 'DaemufrSmawmh vkyf&if;udkif&if; tvkyftawG@tuHESifh b0ay;todt& vkyfwwfudkif wwfjzpfvmygonf? aus;&Gmvl}uD;awGudk axmufulyHhydk;rnfh aus;&Gm ud,pm;vS,EpO;D udvnf; xyfra&G;cs,I acgi;f aqmifr_ tiftm;udk jznfc=hJ u&ygonf? k f f S f k H f h 'DtcgusrSyJ rsufESmESpfzuf(ESpfzufrsufESm ay:vpD) udk yDyDjyifjyif yifwlyrl v_yf&Sm;vm Edkif=uygawmhonf? u|efawmfwdk@. ESpfzufrsufESmoabmxm;ay:vpD.OD;wnfcsufrSm ajrpmyif b0 a&muf&Sdae=uaom jynfolawGudk touf_acsmif apzdk@yJ jzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;v#H=um;rSm tnyfcH=u&onfh aus;&Gmvl}uD;awG.b0udk oufomapvdk onfh &nf&G,fcsufyJ jzpfygonf? rqv tpd;k &. jzwfav;jzwf ppfa&;r[mAsL[m pDrue;f onf tcse=f umvm H d d onfESifhtr# tvkyfrjzpf/ xda&mufr_vnf; r&Sdyg? aemufqHk;awmh a'ocHjynfolawG 0dkif;0ef;qef@usif=ujcif;a=umifh ESpfESpfcef@ t=umrSmyJ rqv tpdk;&u tav#mhay;um rodrom zsufodrf;cJh=uygonf? TonfrSm 1978 ckESpftwGif; (108) ppfa'o ajymuf usm; e,fajrrSm &ifqdkifuHawG@cJh&onfh jzwfav;jzwf ppfa&;tawG@tuHwckudk wifjy jcif; jzpfygonf? TtawG@t}uHKrSm a'ocH "Ek/ &Srf;/ yavmif jynfolawGomv#if aoG;ac|;rsuf&nfaygif;rsm;pGm uscJh=u/ay;qyfcJh=u&aom tawG@ t}uKH jzpfygonf? (4) 1979 'DESpfxJwGif yefqef;rSm wdk;csJ@A[dkaumfrwD tpnf;ta0; usif;ycJh ygonf? 'D t pnf ; ta0;u ,cif y gwD A [d k (yJ c l ; d k ; r) u csrS w f c J h a om zwf xk w f o wf ygwD w nf a qmuf a &; ay:vpD t rS m ;ud k vH k ; 0 zsuf o d r f ; cJ h y gonf ? tvm;wl &efolxdk;ppfudk igwdk@xdk;ppfESifh dkufcsKd;=uqdkonfh ppfa&;vrf;pOf trSm;udkvnf; zsufodrf;cJh=uygonf? 'Dwdk;csJ@yefqef;A[dkaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;u oifhawmfonfh ygwD0if 0g&ifh au'gwcsKd@udk A[dkaumfrwDESifh t&HA[dkaumfrwDrsm;tjzpf wdk;jrifhwm0efay;onf[k od&Sd&onf? 'Dtpnf;ta0;uyJ ygwDu a&S@vkyf aqmifoGm;rnfh vrf;pOf ay:vpDrsm;ESifh ygwD&J@zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'pnf;rsOf;rsm;udkyg qHk;jzwf jymef;cJhonf? Tt}udrf tpnf;ta0;onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGuf wpHkw&m ta&;ygonf[k qdk&yg rnf? yJcl;dk;r&Sd A[dkXmecsKyfwGif OuUocifZifESifh twGif;a&;rSL;ocifcspfwdk@ ESpfOD;rSm rqvtpdk;& ppfwyfrsm;.vufcsufjzifh usqHk;cJh=u&onf? 'DvdktajctaersdK;wGif wdk;csJA[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; ac:qdkusif;ycJhonfrSm wygwDvHk;tzdk@ tusKd;&Sdygonf? rSm;,Gif;onfh wabmxm;wcsKd@ESifh vkyf[efwcsKd@udkvnf; yjyifEdkifcJhI ygwD0ifrsm;tm; 107

tm;wuf&$ifvef;apygonf? okd@&mwGif 'Dtpnf;ta0;onf wESpfeD;yg;r# tcsdef=umcJh onfqkdjcif;a=umifh jynfwGif;ppfESifh&ifqdkifae&aom ygwDtzdk@ tcsdef,lvGef;onf[k qkd&ygrnf? pnf;Hk;zGJ@pnf;a&;rSm 'Dtpnf;ta0;uyJ A[dkXmecGJESpfckudk topfzGJ@pnf; cJhygonf? ajrmufydkif;A[dkXmecGJ (Northem Bureau ) ESifh tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ (Central Bureau) wdk@ jzpfonf? yefqef;wdk;csJ@ A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;+yD;onfhaemufrSm wjynfvHk;&Sd tqifhqifhau'grsm;ESifh ygwD0ifrsm;udk csjyonfhaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk wzef yvkyf=u&jyefygonf? (108) ppfa'oeJ@ (683) w,fr[me,fajr&Sd au'gESifhygwD0ifawGudk topfzGJ@ pnf;cJhonfhtv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;u wm0ef,l=u&jcif; jzpfonf? tv,fydkif;AsLdkacgif;aqmifrsm; jzpf=uonfh &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;/ &JabmfwdkufatmifESifh &Jabmfjrrif;wdk@u wm0ef,l=urSmjzpfI yefqef;rS (108) ppfa'ookd@ xdkyk*~dKvfrsm; qif;vm=uygonf? acgif;aqmifyk*~dKvfoHk;OD;onf 1980 ckESpf w0dkufrSmyJ (108) ppfa'o. aemifvHke,fokd@ a&muf&Sdvm=uygonf? aemifvHke,f ta&S@jcrf;&Sd eef@vrf;jrpfab; awmwGif;wae&mrSm ,m,Dpcef; y+yD; aum'gwcsKd@ESifh tpnf;ta0; yvkyfcJhonf? 'Dtpnf;a0;rSm 79 A[dkaumfrwD tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh ygwD. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;rsOf;Oya' qHk;jzwfcsuf rsm;udkyg &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;u aqG;aEG;ygonf? tjyif tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJudk wyfr[m (683) e,fajrwckv;kH ESihf tiftm;wckv;kH udyg yg0ifap+yD; (108) ppfa'ovnf; k xnfhoGif;zGJ@pnf;xm;aom A[dkXmecGJ zGJ@pnf;yHkudkvnf; wifjyygonf? (CENTRAL BUREAU) tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ ( ) (1) &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;- ygwDaumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh EdkifiHa&;rSL;? (2) &Jabmfwdkufatmif-ppfa&;wm0efcHwyfrSL;? 'k-ygwDaumfrwD twGif; a&;rSL;? (3) &Jabmfjrrif;- 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL;? (4) &Jabmfcif!dk- XmerSL; - EdkifiHa&;Xme? (5) &JabmfvDusKH;csef;- XmerSL; -ppfOD;pD;Xme? (6) axmufyHhbmXme XmerSL;- udk;uef@ wkwfvlrsKd;/ rlv (683) wyfr[mrSL;? (7) &JabmfvDppfl -'k-XmerSL; EdkifiHa&;Xme? (8) &Jabmfayguf,dkcsef;- 'k-XmerSL; ppfOD;pD;Xme? (9) 'k-XmerSL;/ ppfOD;pD;Xme- udk;uef@ wkwfvlrsKd; (,cif (683) wyfr[m 108

'k-wyfr[mrSL;) wdk@jzpf=uygonf? xdktcsdefu tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ vufatmufrSm vufeufudkifwyfrsm; tjzpfESifh rlv (683) wyfr[mvufatmufu wyf&if; (4) &if;/ tjyif topfxyfrH zGJ@pnf;cJhonfh wyf&if;yg aygif;v#if (5) &if;cef@ jzpfonf? topfzGJ@pnf;onfh wyf&if;rSm r@e,f (3) ckrS r@e,fwyfrsm;udk pkzGJ@xm;jcif; jzpfonff? ausmuf*lr@e,fwyfudk cGJ (1) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ aemif0dk;r@e,fwyfudk cGJ (2) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ [dkcJr@e,fwyfudk cGJ (3) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wyf&if; (1) tjzpf zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf? 'DzGJ@pnf;r_udk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh rlt& vufcHoabmwl cJh=ujcif; jzpfonf? okd@&mwGif wyf&if;opfonf vufawG@ wGif yDyDjyifjyif taumiftxnf jzpfrvmcJhacs? aemif0dk;r@e,ftaejzifh 'Dwyf&if; zGJ@ pnf;r_udk olwm0ef,l&rnfhtydkif;wGif rwufru jzpfaeonf? aemif0dk;r@ e,fwm0efcH onf 0 vlrsKd; wOD;jzpfonf? olonf vDppfl acgif;aqmif onfh (4045) wyf&if;rSm 'k-cGJrSL;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhzl;ol wOD;jzpfonf? olonf wjcm;aom 0 &Jabmfrsm;ESifh rwlbJ jynfolvlxktay:/ atmuf ajcwyfom;xktay:rSm EdkifxufpD;eif; yrlqufqH wwfol wOD;jzpfonf? onf ae@nrjywf t&ufaomufpm; rl;l;aewwfI pdwf rxif&if rxifovdk vufeuftm;udk;ESifh yrlwwfavonf? Tae&mwGif ol@ta=umif; vufawG@ jzpf&yfav;wckudk tvsOf;oifhojzifh wifjyvdkygonf? &Srf;jynfwdk;wufa&;ygwD (Shan State Progress Party; SSPP) e,fajrjzpfonfh erf@rvefa'orSm &Srf;vlrsKd;wkd@. dk;&mbmoma&;yGJawmfwck usif;y cJh=uonf? 'DyGJwGif oDaygr@rS &Srf;t+idrf@wckudk iSm;&rf;um ujyazsmfajzcJhonf? ywf 0ef;usif &Srf;&Gmtawmfrsm;rsm;u vma&muf=unfh_=uonfhtwGuf tawmfpnfum; onf[kqdkonf? t+idrfhu (2) n ujy&onfjzpf&m aemufqHk;n ujyt+yD; rdk;vif;I t+idrfhyGJkyfodrf;&yfem;=uonf? t+idrfhyGJudk Auy aemif0dk;r@e,f wm0efcH0 trsK;d om;onfvnf; aemufyg oH;k av;OD;ESitwl oGm;a&muf=unfonf[k =um;&onf? hf h rdk;vif;I t+idrfhyGJodrf;onfwGif olu t&ufrl;rl;ESifh t+idrfhpifay:wuf+yD; qufu&rnf [k ajymonf? 'gudk teD;&Sd aumif;cH&GmrS ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf bkef;}uD;u tusKd; ta=umif;ESifh awmif;yefygonf? xkd aemif0kd;r@e,frS wm0efcH 0trsKd;om;u xdkq&m awmfudk }udrf;armif;qJqdkum OD;acgif;udk usifi,fa&ESifh yef;onftxd dkif;jyapmf um;cJhonf? xdkudpPudk rauseyfonfhtwGuf &Srf;jynfwdk;wufa&;ygwD (SSPP) xdyfydkif; acgif;aqmifwOD;u Auy tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJwm0efcH &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;xH pma&; wdkif=um;onftxd jzpfcJhonf? 'Djy\emudk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;zdk@ u|efawmhfudk &Jabmf cifarmif}uD;u wm0efay;onfhtwGuf wm0ef,lajz&Sif;cJh&onf? aemufydkif;rSm 109

tao;pdwf azmfjyygrnf? au'gtpnf;ta0;yGJ xdkifaepOfumvrSm jzpf&yfav;wckudk wifjycsifygao; onf? aqG;aEG;yGJae&mESifh rvSrf;rurf; rdepf (30) cef@ tuGmrSm tpdk;&ppfwyfu wyfcGJ (2) cGJyg tiftm;ESifh ppfa=umif;wa=umif; a&muf&Sdaeonfqkdaom owif;ukd owif; =um;jzwf(Intercept) rS &&Sdvkdufonf[kqkdonf? &Jabmf wdkufatmif. ppfa&;t}uH ay;&Jabmfu ppfoHk;ajryHkESifhtwl ajryHk!ef;ESifh wuG ol@xifjrift}uHay;csufukd pmyg a&;+yD; &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;/ &Jbmf wdkufatmifwdk@ (2) OD;udk wifjyvmonf? Tppfa&; t}uHay; &Jabmf.wifjycsuft& acgif;aqmif (2) OD;rSm tpnf;ta0;yGJudk acwW&yf em;xm;um ppfoHk;ajryHkESifh tvkyf_yfae=uonf? +yD;rS &Jabmfjrrif;/ vDusKH;csef;ESifh u|efawmfudkyg ac:onf? &Jabmfwdkufatmifu owif;eJ@ owif;oHk;oyfcsufudk ajymjyum ae&ma&$@zdk@ ajymvmygonf? 'DtcgrSm u|efawmfu 'Dowif;[m rjzpfEdkifyg? ppfa=umif; a&muf aeonfhae&monf ajryHk!ef;t&qdku opfawmrsm;r&Sdyg? teD;tem;aus;&Gmrsm;u t+rJwrf; oufi,f&dwfaewJh oref;awmyg? ppfa=umif;a&mufdk;rSef&if &Gmom;rsm;ESifh awG@=urnf? awG@v#if teD;tem;&GmawGu owif;vmydk@Edkifonf[k wifjyvkdufygonf? wyfu&Jabmf (2) OD;udk t&yf0wfjzifh &Gmokd@v$wf+yD; pHkprf;cdkif;rnf? 'D&J abmfESpfOD;jyefa&mufrS pcef;a&G@a&;udk pOf;pm;v#ifaumif;rnf[k ajymonfhtay: oabmwl=uonf? &Gmokd@v$wfvdkufonfh &JabmfESpfOD; r=umrD jyefa&mufvm=uyg onf? olwdk@ESpfOD;u oufi,fawmae&m ppfa=umif; ra&mufyg? tckyJ oufi,f&dwf+yD; jyefvm=uonfh &Gmom;awGu ajymonf? wcsdK@qdk tJ'Dae&mrSmyJ usefae=uao; onf[k ajymygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;vnf; taerysuf tajcrysuf qufvufum aqG;aEG;yGJ udk usi;f yEdic=hJ uonf? ppfa&;t}uHay; &Jabmf. oH;k oyfcsut& ae&ma&$@ ajymif;&ygu kf f vESifhcsDum vkyfief;rsm;&yfem;ae&rSm jzpfonf? tpdk;&ppfwyfawGrSm a=u;pm;wyf rsm;yDyD ajryHk=unfh+yD; atmufu txufudkvdrf txufu atmufudknm txufESifh atmuf tjyeftvSef vdrfnmae=uonfh a=u;pm;wyfawGqdkwmudk Tjzpf&yfu txift&Sm; oufaojyaeygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tzdk@vnf; a0[ifrS &onfhowif;udk ajrjyifESifhaygif;pyfrSom ,Hk=unfpdwfcs&onfhowif; jzpfEkdifonfqkdaom todw&m;udk &&Sdvdkufygonf? aemif0;kd r@e,frL; 0trsKd ;om;ta=umif;udk qufvufazmfjy ygrnf? olonf S t&yftarmif; ykyswfyswf&Sd+yD; udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfrSm rSefwrf;[k qkdEkdifygonf? touf t&G,frSm (30) 0ef;usif&Sdygrnff? olonf 0 trsKd;om;wOD;jzpfayr,fh wkwfbm ompum;ESifh &Srf;bmompum;rsm;udk tawmftwef em;vnfajymqdkEdkifygonf? 110

ol@udktxufvl}uD;wOD;OD;u tvkyfwckck ckdif;apygu ol@enf;ol[efESifh rjzpfrae vkyfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf? cdkif;aponfhyk*~dKvftzdk@ tm;&auseyfr_ rkcsraoG &&Sdygvdrfh rnf? b,fvdktajctaerSmyJjzpfap a&bl;xJudka&ygvmrSmuawmh taotcsm jzpfyg onf? olonf aemif0dk;e,f nJhpif&Gmu &Srf;trsKd;orD;wOD;ESifh tdrfaxmifus+yD; uav; (2) a,muf zatvnf; jzpfonf? 1982 ckESpfw0dkufrSm olonf yef,ef;buf u &Srf;trsKd;orD;wOD;ESifhvnf; vlrodolrod wdwfwcdk;,lxm;ao;onf? vlrodolrod qdkaomfvnf; tv,f ydkif;A[dkXmecGJu au'g}uD;wOD;jzpfonfh OD;aomif;wifuawmh rodcsifayr,fh odvdkuf&onf? 'gudkpma&;+yD; tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ EdkifiHa&;rSL; jzpfonfh &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;xH wifjycJhao;onf? 'Dwifjycsufpmudk OD;aomif;wiftaejzifh T0trsKd;om; r@e,frSL;.tm%mpuf xufjrufr_udk jrifI aemufqkwf kyfodrf; cJhonf[k od&onf? 'Dta=umif;udk OD;cifarmif}uD; odrodrajymwwfyg? u|efawmf uawmh ,ae@txd acgif;xJ rSm usef&Sdaeao;onf? u|eawmfonf &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;. wm0efay;csut& aumif;cH&m ausmif; f f G xdkifq&mawmfESifhoGm;a&mufawG@qHkygonf? q&mawmfudk tjzpftysuftay:rSm tEl; tnGwf0efcsawmif;yef &Sdcdk;av#mufxm;cJhygonf? q&mawmfu 'um}uD; bkef;}uD; &J@b00fu;a=umifh jzpfvm &wmygudpPr&Sdygbl;[k ajymygonf? u|efawmfuquf+yD; q&mawmfbk&m;wynfhawmfwdk@vla=umifh jzpf&wmyg? wynfhawmfwdk@vl[m vlenf;pktrsKd;om;wOD;jzpfovdk Ak'<bmomeJ@ywfoufvdk@vnf; aocsm*% em;vnf olr[kwfyg t&Sifbk&m;? 'D&Jabmfudk wynfhawmf wdk@tzGJ@rS xdkufoifhovdk ta&;,l aqmif&Gufygr,fbk&m;? t&Sifbk&m;udk wynfhawmfwdk@tzGJ@tpnf;u aq;ukozdk@ twGuf aiGoHk;axmif (3000) udk vSL'gef;ygw,f? cGifhyawmfrlygbk&m; [kqdkum vSLcJhyg onf? q&mawmfu auseyfygw,fqdkojzifh 'Djy\emrSm tqifhwqifht&awmh ajyvnfatmif aqmif&GufvkdufEkdifonf[k xifrdygonf? 0trsKd;om; r@e,frSL;onf 1983 ckESpfrSm ol. rdbrsm;&Sd&m oHvGif jrpfta&S@ yefqef;a'oudk cGifhjyefygonf? 'DcGifhudk u|efawmfuyJ tvG,fwulESifh cGifhycJh wmjzpfonf? xdktcsdefumvu tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrSm xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm; r&Sd=u yg? yefqef;ygwDA[dkHk;okd@ a&muf&Sdae=ucsdef jzpfonf? tv,fydkif;A[dkXmwcGJwckvHk;udk u|efawmfu wm0ef,lyg[k wm0efay;xm;onfhtwGuf wm0ef,lxm;&onfh umv jzpfonf? xdkumvu tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ vufatmufrSm&Sd=uonfh ygwDwGif; wyfwGif;tajctaerSm ajymr,HkEdkifatmifyif qdk;&Gm;aeygonf? wyfwGif;ygwD. tcef;uonf vHk;0eD;yg; tvkyfrvkyfEdkifyJ &Sdaeygonf? wyfwGif;rSmvnf; *dk%f;*% rsKd;pHkESifh rauseyfonfhvkyf[efaygif;pHku ae&mwdkif;rSm xif[yfjyoaeaom tajc 111

taejzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@ wyfawGrSm jynfol@wyfrawmf. aumif;jrwfonfh tpOftvm awG wdrfryf+yD; a'ocHjynfolawGtay:rSm xifovdk AdkvfustEdkifusifhonfh vkyf&yfawG u v$rf;rdk;vmaeonf? ppfbk&if0g'ESifh rif;rJh0g'wkd@ wyifwnf; ay:aygufvmonf? ygwDu wyfudk trdef@ay;vdk@r&onfhtjyif wyfuom ygwDudktusyfudkif Adkvfusvm onf? wyf&if;wdkif; r@e,fwdkif; raumif;aom tedmHkawGjzpfonfh avmif;upm;yGJrsm;/ t&ufaopm aomufpm;yGJrsm;/ pD;yGm;a&;t& jynfolawGtay:rSm tEdkifusifh aps;ESdrf onfh ta&mif;t0,ftvkyfrsm; ay:vmygonf? wzufrSmvnf; tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;u tqufrjywf ppfa&;xdk;ppf}uD;i,f rsm;udk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJe,fajrrSm yvkyfae ygonf? u|efawmfonf txufrSm azmfjycJhaom tajctaersm;atmufwGif tv,f ydkif; A[dkXmecGJ&Sd wyf&if; (4) &if;ESifh r@e,f (4) ckudk wm0ef,lacgif;aqmifae&jcif; jzpf onf? u|efawmf.acgif;aqmifr_wm0efonf f0g;vHk;acgif;xJrSm qifacgif;0if&ovkdrsKd; jzpfaeonf[k qdk&ygrnf? 'D=um;xJrSm vlrdkufvl&rf;um; wyf&if;au'gwcsKd@. tusyfudkifr_/ vlv$wfI vufeufESifh +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;yg uHawG@&ifqdkifcHcJh&ygao;onf? u|efawmfudk,f u|efawmfvnf; 'Dumv 'DtajctaerSm ig[m tcsdefae&m ra&G; acgi;f jywfom;Ekionf[k wGuqxm;ygonf? tawG@tuH&chJ uHcz;l onftwGuf G df f dS hJ h jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'ob0u avhusifharG;jrL ysKd;axmifvmcJhaom rdkif;,Gif; rdkif;vefa'ou &Srf;vlrsKd;wyfcGJ au'gwOD;jzpfonfh &Jabmfaomfu tvkyf}uH cHcJh&ygonf? 'D&Jabmfonf dk;om;ajzmifhrwf+yD; vlxkESifh wom;xJusatmif aexdkif wwfol jzpfonf? olonf tvkyfwm0efukd }uKd;pm;vkyfudkifwwf+yD; a'ocHjynf olawGu av;pm;cspfcif=uonfh &JabmfwOD;vnf; jzpfonf? udk rdkif;,Gif;acsmif; tul;wae&mrSm olESifhol@tul&Jabmfudkyg acsmif;ajrmif;ypfcwf vkyf}uHowfjzwfcJh=u ygonf? tvm;wl &Jabmf0gvdrfonfvnf; tpteray:bJ aysmufqHk;oGm;cJhygonf? TonfrSm 1983 ckESpfw0dkufu jzpfygonf? topfzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh wyf&if; (1) . wyf&if; au'g (2) OD;jzpfaom &Jabmfoef;0if;/ &Jabmfxe;f vif;wd@k (2) OD;onf tif;av; G vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf+yD; wdk@ (2) OD;onfvnf; wdkufyGJrsm;twGif; usqHk;oGm;=uonf? olwdk@vnf; *dk%f;*%.v_dif;wHydk;awG=um;rSm v_dif;tykwfcHb0ESifh uHcJh=u&zl;onf?
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1985 xdkESpfxJwGif &Jabmfjrrif; yefqef;A[dkHk;toGm;rSm c&D;}uHKonfESifh u|efawmf olESifhawG@+yD; tusKd;ta=umif;ajymum twlvdkufygoGm;cJhygonf? 'DumvawGu u|eawmfonf use;f rma&; ody+f yD;raumif;vSyg? ESv;kH aoG;a=umusO;f a&m*grsK;d cHpm;ae& f ygonf? yefqef;a&mufrS aq;ppf=unfawmh a&m*gtajctae taotcsmrodbJ jzpfae h onf? &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;/ &Jabmfjrrif;wdk@u u|efawmfudkac:+yD; 1985 ckESpfxJrSm ygwDA[dktaeeJ@ jynfvHk;qdkif&m ygwDuGef*&ufudk usif;yrSm jzpfw,f? 'DuGef*&ufudk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJtaeeJ@ wyf&if;wyfzGJ@toD;oD;u uGef*&ufudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,fum wuf=u&rSmjzpfw,f? yef;qef;/ em;avmheJ@ 0 ajrmufa'owcsKd@rSm au'gwcsKd@eJ@ ygwD0ifwcsKd@a&muf&Sd ae=uw,f? wcsKd@u tvkyfwm0eft&jzpf+yD; wcsKd@u rdbeJ@ZeD;r,m; om;orD;rsm;xHudk cGifheJ@a&mufae=uwm jzpfw,f? tJ'D au'g ygwD 0 if a wG u d k pk p nf ; um 1985 ck E S p f usif ; yyvk y f r ,f h wwd , t}ud r f a jrmuf ygwDuGef*&ufudk wuf=u&r,fh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;=u&r,f? 'DtwGuf tpnf; ta0; yvkyfzdk@vdkw,f? tpnf;ta0;udk em;avmh&GmrSm vkyfoifhw,f? 'gudk &Jabmf jrrif;/ &Jabmfcif!dk/ vDppflwdk@u wm 0ef,laqmif&Gufyg[k wm0efay;vmonf? u|efawmfonf wm0efudk OD;jrrif;/ vDppflwdk@ESifhtwl aqmif&GufcJh&onf? uGef*&ufwufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,f=u&mrSm Armjynf uGefjrLepf ygwD.zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;yg tcef; (3) yk'fr (31) eJ@ (40) (41) rsm;t& vkyfaqmif=u&ygonf? tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ udk,fpm;y uGef*&uf udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tjzpf u|efawmf (cif!dk)/ vDppfl/ ayguf,dkcsef;ESifh wyf&if;wyfzGJ@ toD;oD;rS au'g ygwD0ifwcsKd@udk a&G;cs,fcJh=uygonf? u|efawmf (cif!dk)udk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrS uGef*&ufwuf a&muf=urnfh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@acgif;aqmiftjzpf a&G;ygonf? em;avmhtpnf;ta0;u ygwDuGef *&ufwufa&muf=urnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,f&mrSm aemif0dk;r@e,frSL; 0trsKd; om;vnf; yg0ifvmygonf? 'gudk u|efawmfu [ef@wm;uef@uGufcJhonfhtwGuf xkdaemif0kd;r@e,frSL; 0trsKd;om;rSm uGef*&uf wufa&muf&rnfh udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS ywfoGm;ygonf? 'Dtcsdef'DumvawGu ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD.ygwDwGif; tajc taerSm u|efawmfu xkdr@e,frSL; 0trsKd;om;udk uGef*&ufudk,f pm;vS,ftjzpfu qef@usifuef@uGufonfh tvkyfrsKd;udk b,fau'g b,fygwD0ifrsKd;urS vkyf=urnfh tajctaer&Sdyg? 'grSr[kwf ,if;okd@ vkyfrnfholrsKd; enf;yg;&Sm;yg; ygvdrfhrnf? u|efawmf uawmh trSeftwdkif; vkyfwm jzpfonf? ab;tEW&m,f&Sdr&Sd tav;rxm; rpOf;pm;bJ 113

vkyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf? u|efawmfonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD wwd,t}udrfajrmuf ygwDuGef*&uf okd@ wufa&mufcJh&onfh ordkif;0ifudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;[k qdkEdkifygonf? 'DuGef*&ufrSm tjypftemtqmESifh csKd@,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm; &SdEdkifaomfvnf; Armjynf uGefjrLepf ygwD.ordkif;wGif 1945 ckESpf Zlvdkifvu &efukefrSm usif;ycJhonfh 'kwd,t}udrf ygwD uGef*&uf usif;y+yD;aemufykdif; wwd,t}udrfajrmuf usif;y&onfh uGuf*&ufjzpfaom a=umifh rSwfwrf;wif=u&rnfh ordkif;0if uGef*&ufwckvdk@ qdk&ygrnf? TuGef*&ufwGif u|efawmfonf tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJu uGef*&ufudk wufa&muf=uonfh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@.acgif;aqmiftaeESifha&m udk,fpm;vS,f wOD; taeESifhyg wufcJh&onfhtwGuf wu,fhukd *k%f,l0rf;ajrmufrdcJhygonf? u|efawmf tzkd@ yxrqHk;aom uGef*&uftawG@tuHvnf; jzpfygonf? 'DuGef*&ufrSm A[dkaumf rwDu EdkifiHwumtajctaeESifh jynfwGif;tajctaersm;udk aygif;Hk;oHk;oyfum tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifoGif;ygonf? uGef*&ufwufa&mufvm=uonfh udk,fpm;vS,f rsm;taejzifh 'DtpD&ifcHpmtay:rSm tcef;utvdkuf rdrdwdk@. tpktzGJ@rsm;twGif; aqG;aEG;=u&ygonf? +yD;ygu oabmwlrwl uGJvGJcsuf &Sdr&SdESif/h &Sdygu b,ftcef; b,furSm &Sda=umif;udk tpnf;ta0;cef;rrSm tm;vHk; jyefvnfpkpnf;=uaom tcsdefwGif wifjy=u&ygonf? 'DtcgrSm wm0ef&Sdaom uGef*&ufobmywdtzGJ@0if wOD;OD;u jyefvnf&Sif;vif; aqG;aEG;ygonf? u|efawmfonf uGef*&ufudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;taejzifh A[dkaumf rwDrS wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpmtay:rSm rdrd.oabmxm;tjrifudk yGifhvif;dk;om;pGm wifjycJh ygonf? u|eawmfwifjycsurm txl;ojzifh vuf&awmfvea&;tajctae oH;k oyfcsuf f f S dS S f tay:rSm jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh awmfvSefa&;'Da&twuftus jy\emtay:rSm rdrdtjrifukd wifjycJhjcif; jzpfonf? rSwfrdor#udk jyefvnfwifjy&v#if A[dkaumfrwDu rsufarSmuf awmfvSef a&;tajctaerSm 'Da&jrifhESifh 'Da&edrfhumv (2) ckwkd@.=um;rSm wnf&Sdaeaom tajc taersKd; jzpfonf[lI azmfjyxm;ygonf? 'gudk &JabmfvDeifESifh &JabmfarmfpDwkef;wkd@ . rdef@cGef;=o0g'rsm;ESifh udk;um;um oabmw&m;tjrifjzifh &Sif;jyxm;ygonf? u|efawmfu 'Dtjrifudk vufrcHa=umif;ESifh rsufarSmufawmfvSefa&; tajc taerSm 'Da&jrifhvnf;r[kwf/ 'Da&edrfhvnf; r[kwf/ 'D (2) ck=um;u tajctaersKd; qkdonfrSm vHk;0rSm;,Gif;onf/ wu,fhtajctaerSm 'Da&edrfhumv vHk;vHk;jzpfonfqdkwmudk wkd&Sif;dk;pif;pGm oabmw&m;tukd;tum;awG rygbJ jymqdkwifjycJhygonf? 'DtcgrSm tpnf; ta0;cef;raqmif&Sd udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u rodrom ESmacgif;_H@ =uygonf? xdktjrif xdkt,ltqrSm wwd,t}udrfajrmuf jynfvHk;qdkif&m ygwDuGef 114

*&ufwGif udk,fpm;vS,faygif;rsm;pGmteuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; u|efawmfwOD; wa,muf wnf;om &Sdaeonfhtjrif[k ,lq&ygonf? 'Djzpf&yfudk uGef*&ufudk,fpm;vS,f awmf}uD;rsm;teuf ,ckwkdif toufxif&Sm; &Sd=uolwdkif;u rSwfrdae=uvdrfhrnf xifygonf? TuGef*&ufu topfa&G;cs,frnfh A[dkaumfrwDpm&if;xJu u|efawmhf trnfudk qENrJjzifh z,f&Sm;cJhygonf? rqef;vSyg? uGef*&ufrSm udk,fpm;vS,fwOD; taejzifh u|efawmf wufupGm yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhygonf? ta=umif;wkdufqkdifojzifh TuGef*&ufumvtwGif; u|efawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaom omrefto;tr$m; tvkyfav; wckta=umif;udkyJ ajymqdkwifjyvdkygao;onf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. wwd, t}udrf jynfvHk;qdkif&m ygwDuGuf*&ufwGif y%mrtzGifh aw;oDcsif;pmom;wcsKd@udk u|efawmf a&;cJhygonf? 'gudkuGef*&uft+yD; aemufqHk;&ufrSm uGef*&ufusif;ya&; aumfrwDu *k%fycsifonfqkdI u|efawmfhtm; zdwfac:ygao;onf? u|efawmf rwuf a&mufbJ aecJhygonf? ta=umif;uawmh u|ef awmfa&;cJhonfh oDcsif;pmom;awGudk zsuf+yD; uGef*&ufudk,fpm; vS,fwcsKd@u uGef*&ufusif;yaepOfrSmyif t&uf0dkif;rsm;rSm tckvdkqdkwmudk =um;&aoma=umifh jzpfygonf? rlvaw;oDcsif;pmom;wcsKd@rSm jynfvkH;ae&mtESH@u udk,fpm;vS,fawG pHknDwufa&muf=u v_dufvSJ0rf;om qD;u*k%fy&[k yg&Sdonf? xdkpm;om;rsm;udk zsufum tckvdkqdk=uygonf? jynfvHk;ae&mtESH@u udk,fpm;vS,fawG pHknDwuf a&muf=u/ aomuf=u rl;=u tm;yg;w& wJh? pHy&rnfh uGef*&ufudk,fpm; vS,fawmf }uD;rsm;qdkwmudk Tjzpf&yfu odomapygonf? udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk; r[kwfyg? taumif;eJ@tqdk; ta=umif;eJ@tusKd;qdkwm obm0uspGm &Sdwwfp+rJyg? 'gudk uGef *&uf u d k , f p m;vS , f w OD ; taeeJ @ u|ef a wmf h u d k , f a wG @ jzpf & yf r S e f waph w apmif ; ud k a&;om;azmfjyvkdufjcif; jzpfygonf? uGef*&uf}uD;uawmh atmifjrifpGm +yD;qHk;oGm;ygonf? wwd,t}udrf ajrmuf ygwDuGef*&uftjzpfESifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. ordkif;rSwfwrf;xJrSm armfuGef; urnf; wifcJh=u+yD; jzpfygonf? 1982 cG i f h v $ w f a pcsif o nf ? T 1982 udk csefvSyfxm;cJhI rjzpfyg? TESpfonf u|efawmfb0twGuf rSwfwdkif[k qdk&ygrnf? u|efawmhfta=umif;udk a&;v#if u|efawmf@ZeD;ta=umif;ygrS ydkIpHkvifjynfhpHkygrnf? u|efawmfonf rdrd.ZeD; tay:wGif wm0ef0wW&m; tau; 115

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Tod@k apmifae&aom tcseumvtwGi;f rrd;k udk tv,fyi;f A[dXmecGJ Ediia&;XmewGif h d f kd k kfH oihavsmaom vkyief;wm0efwck ay;xm;ygonf? xdwm0efrm a=u;eef; qufo,a&; f f f k S G f Xme. 0Sufpmudkifaomwm0ef jzpfygonf? u|efawmfonf tvkyfwm0efjzifh aemifvHke,fbufokd@ vHkcHa&; tapmifh wyfpdwfESifhtwl c&D;xGuf&ygonf? Tc&D;rSm rrdk;vnf; yg0ifygonf? aemifvHka'o ta&mufrSm awmwGif;wae&mudka&G;+yD; u|efawmfwdk@ pcef;cs&yfem;=uygonf? pcef;cs &yfem;aom ae&mw0dkufrSm aus;&GmwcsdK@ rvSrf;rurf;wGif &Sdaeygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ onf rnfonfhtcsdefumvrqdk a,bk,stm;jzifh &Gmrsm;rSm pcef;cs+yD; tdyfem;avh r&Sd=uyg? ta=umif;rSm ajymufusm;a'ojzpfI tcsdeftcgra&G; tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm; &Gmrsm;udk a&muf&SdvmEdkifI jzpfonf? a&muf&Sdvmygu &GmtwGif; wdkufyJjG zpfv#if xdk&Gm onf rsm;pGmxdcdkufepfemwwfygonf? u|efawmfESifhtwl tapmihfygvmaomwyfpdwfrS wyfom;&Jabmfrsm;rSm teD;tem;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;okd@ c%wzwf oGm;a&muf vnfywfvdk=uonf? xdk@a=umifh wyfom;rsm;udk &GmrSmnrtdyfbJ vnfywf&ef cGifhay;&ygonf? pcef;rSm u|efawmfESifh rrdk;ESpfOD;omv#if pcef;apmifhtjzpfESifh usef&Sdum tm;vHk;tvnfoGm;=uygonf? rrdk; (c) rcdkifonf .opfcufrsm;rdk;xm;aom wJuav;twGif;rSm vJavsmif;um pm zwfaeygonf? u|efawmfonf xdkodk@aom tcGifhta&;rsKd;udk ar#mfvifhaeolwOD; [k qdkv#if vnf; rSm;rnfrxifyg? u|efawmfESifhrcdkifwdk@onf wlnDaom EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkifudk vrf;a=umif;wckxJrSmyif twlwuG av#mufvSrf;ae=uolrsm;jzpfonf? tjyif ESpfOD;pvHk;onf vGwfvyfuif;&Sif;=uolrsm;jzpfovdk taoG;tom;rsm;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;=uaom ykxkpOfvlom;rsKd;EG,frsm;vnf; jzpfonf? vlom;wdk@onf wOD;ESifh wOD; twlwuG eD;uyfpGmaexdkif=u&v#if oHa,mZOf u;r#ifav;rsm;onf yifhultdrfozG,f qufoG,f&pfywf zGJ@aESmifwwf=uygonf? Tonf vlom;rsm;. obm0w[k qdk&rnfxifygonf? u|efawmfonf dk;om;pGm0efcH&v#if rcdkiftay:rSm wdwfwcdk; arwWm&Sd aerdygonf? Tonfudk rsKdodyfatmifhtnf; rxm;bJ zGifh[ajymqdk&ef u;pm;&ygrnf? u|efawmfonf udk,fhudk,fudk &Jaq;wifum r0Hhr&Jaom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh rckdif&Sdaom opfcwfwJav;qDokd@ vSrf;csDcJhygonf? rckdifonf u|efawmfvmaeonfudk jrifI vJavsmif;pmzwfae&mu xxdium vSr;f +yD; Ediia&;rSL; b,fom;rSmvJ[k ar;vmyg kf kfH G onf? xdktcg u|efawmfonf cifAsm;qDyJ vmwm[kajymum opfcufwJav;twGif; 0if x d k i f v d k u f y gonf ? u|ef a wmf a &m rcd k i f y g bmpum;rS rajymEd k i f = ubJ acwW r # +idrfaeygonf? +yD;vsif u|efawmfonf rdrd. &nf&G,fcsufudk t aumiftxnfazmf&ef 118

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xdkodk@jzifh 1981 ckESpfodk@ ul;ajymif;cJhygonf? xdkESpfxJrSmyif u|efawmfESifh rcdkifwdk@onf ESpfOD;om;vufrSwfa&;xdk;um tdrfaxmifbufrsm;tjzpf todtrSwf yay;yg&ef tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ. 'kEdkifiHa&;rSL; &Jabmfjrrif;xH pma&;wifjycJhonf? TtcsdefrSm yEdkifiHa&;rSL; &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;onf yefqef;A[kdokd@ a&muf&Sdaeygonf? wESpfusL;I 1982 ckESpf.ESpfopfokd@ ul;cJhavonf? xdkESpfopfrSm ESpfOD;om; pkvsm; &pfywf vufxyfzkd@ oabmwlum tzGJ@tpnf;xH pma&;wifjycJhygonf? txufau'g }uD;rsm;u &ufvudka&G;um vufxyfay;ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@. vufxyfyGJrSm 1982 ckESpf. ESpfv,fw0dkuf jzpfygvdrfhrnf? &ufvrsm;udk rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; ysufpD;oGm;I aumif;pGm rrSwfrdawmhyg? u|efawmfwkd@ . vufxyfyGJrSm awmfvSefa&;[ef awmfvSefa&;enf;jzifh wm0ef&Sdaom &Jabmfjrrif;. a&S@arSmufwGif vufxyf pm&Gufpmwrf;udk ESpfOD;om;udk,fpD vufrSwfa&;xdk;=uaom omref tcrf;tem;uav; wckr#om jzpfayonf? Ttcrf;tem;onf awmwGif; wae&m tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJHk;rSm jzpfonf? wdwfqdwfat;aq;vSaom u|efawmfwdk@ . vufxyfyGJonf tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm; v_yf&Sm;aeonfh=um;rSm usif;ycJh&jcif;vnf; jzpf onf? tvm;wl u|efawmfwdk@. r*FvmOD;nuvnf; wrlxl;onf[k qdk&rnfxifyg onf? TnrSm topfusyc|wf =uifpOD;armifEw@kd onf wuGwjym;pD tdypufc=hJ u&av f HS J f onf ? tH k ; puf & momcef ; tjzpf wl E S p f u d k , f a rS ; puf & ef a e&m tcuf t cJ a =umif h jzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;. A[dkcGJHk;qkdonfrSm t+rJwrf; v_yf&Sm;ajymif; a&$@ae&onf;kH jzpfI a&muf&&m ae&mrsm;rSm jzpfovdty=f u&aoma=umifh jzpfygonf? h dS k d u|efawmfonf aemufwae@ reufapmapmrSm A[dkcGJHk;pcef;u tjyifc&D; xGuf&ygonf? vkyfief;wm0efc&D; jzpfygonf? Tc&D;rSm rcdkifvnf; ygygonf? ,if;a=umifh pcef;wGif;&Sd &Jabmfrsm;u u|efawmfwdk@.c&D;udk ysm;&nfqrf; (Honey Moon) c&D;[k aemufajymifajymqdk=uygonf? u|efawmfwkd@onf erfhvefe,f ukef;om &GmESifhreD;ra0;&Sd awmif,mwJrsm;wGif pcef;csygonf? ausmuf*lr@e,fwyfrS cGJrSL; acgif ; aqmif o nf h tif t m;ES p f p d w f E S i f h Tawmif , mwJ r sm;Y qH k r d = uygonf ? TwyfzGJ@onf u|efawmfwdk@. vHkcHa&;twGuf wm0ef,l&ef jzpfonf? eef@vefr@&Sd tpdk;&ppfwyfrS wyfpk (2) pkyg ppfa=umif;onf tjyifxGuf v_yf&Sm;avh&Sdonf? ukef;om&GmwGif u|efawmfwdk@. aemif0dk;r@e,fwyfrS wyfpkwpk a&muf&um pcef;cs ntdyaeayonf? u|eawmf. tul&abmf tduarmif (&Sr;f &Jabmf) dS f f J k f onf u|eawmf. pD;jrif;udp;D um uke;f om&Gmok@d oGm;cJonf? Ttcsewif eef@vefr@u f k h d f G tpdk;&ppfwyfrS ppfa=umif;onf ukef;om&Gmudk a&muf&Sdvm&m &GmwGif;&Sd aemif0dk;r@e,f wyfESifhwdk;um wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhavonf? &Jabmftdkufarmifonf wdkufyGJtwGif; pD;jrif;udk xm;&pfcJhum u|efawmfwdk@xH jyefajy;vmavonf? 120

u|efawmfonf ukef;om&GmwdkufyGJ. aoewfarmfwmoHrsm;a=umifh tdyfae aom wJay:u uysmu,m atmufudk qif;cJhygonf? wJatmufa&mufrS rdrd. ypPwdk aoewfygaom ppfcg;ywf wJay:rSm usefcJh onfudk od&Sdrdygonf? xdktcg teD;&Sdrcdkifudk cdkifudk,fhaoewf wJay:rSm usefcJhvdk@ wuf,lay;yguGm[k ajymvdkufrdonf? rcdkif onf csufcsif;yif wJay:wufum u|efawmfypPwdkaoewftyg &Sdor# ypPnf;tm;vHk; odrf;usKH;um wJatmufokd@ ,lqif;vmygonf? rcdkifonf ypPwdkaoewfudk ay;&if; u|ef a wmf u d k wD ; wd k ; ajymvmygonf ? w,f a wmf w J h w yf r S L ;ygvm;ta&;xJ r S m udk,fudkifwJh aoewfudkawmif arhxm;cJh+yD; olwyg;udk ,lcdkif;w,f[k qdkvmygonf? rcdkif. xifjrifajymqdkcsufonf rSefygonf? u|efawmfonf ta&; }uD;tcsdef rSm rdrd.aoewfudk udk,fESifhuGmaeaom au'gwOD; jzpfaeygonf? ppfajrjyifrSm Tjzpf &yfrsKd;onf vHk;0rjzpfoifhaom udpPjzpfonf? txl;ojzifh topfpufpuf =uifpOD; ZeD;onfudk xdkodk@ cdkif;apjcif;onf rvdkvm;tyfaomt&m jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh u|efawmfonf rcdkifudk tav;teuf awmif;yef&ygonf? xdktcgrSm rcdkifonf yH;yH; av;ESifh aemufajymifusDp,fwmyg udk&mawmif;yefp&m rvdkygbl;? udk,fhZeD;udk cdkif; wmbJ r[kwfvm;wJh? dk;om;jzLpifum bmtjypfudkrS rjrif&Smaom ZeD;aumif; yDovSolygwum;? ao;i,fonfhTjzpf&yfuav;ukdyif u|ef awmftaeESifh ,ae@xuf wkdif rarhwJhEkdifatmif jzpfae&onfhta=umif; rckdifod=um;&atmif od=um;ap oufao!ef;vkdufcsifygbdonf? 1983 ckESpf xdkESpfxJrSm rcdkif. udk,f0efonf wae@wjcm; &ifhvmaeonf? tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;. ppfa&;xdk;ppfrsm;onfvnf; jywfonf[kI r&Sdyg? xdk@a=umifh A[dkXmecGJHk;onf ae@pOfqdkovdk v_yf&Sm;ae&ygonf? udk,f0ef&ifhvmaom rcdkiftzdk@ oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;&onfrSm cufcJvmygonf? xdkumvrsm;. &efolxdk;ppfonf A[dk XmecGJHk;udkom OD;wnfygonf? wdk@.tqdkt& OD;aESmufzmufpm;a&; jzpfonf[k qdkygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ tajcyv_yf&Sm;ae&aoma'orsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh &Srf;vlrsKd; rsm; aexdkifaom a'orsm;om jzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh rcdkifudk aus;&Gmrsm;wGif acwW tyfESHxm;&efrSm &Gmvl}uD;rsm;u vufrcH&J=uyg? Tonfvnf; obm0usygonf? rckdifrSmvnf; &Srf;bmompum; rwwfaoma=umifh ydk+yD;tcufawG@&ygonf? u|efawmfa&m rcdkifyg TudpPtwGuf acgif;ylatmif pOf;pm;ae=u&ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ A[dkXmecGJrSm ArmjynfaygufwkwfvlrsKd; aq;rSL;wOD;&Sdygonf? ol. trnfrSm &JabmfxGef;=unf (c) avmufuGJ jzpfygonf? u|efawmfonf xdkaq;rSL;ESifh rcdkifrD;zGm;a&;udpPudk aqG;aEG;wdkifyifum . t}uH^m%fudkyg awmif;ygonf? u u|efawmfwdk@Hk; tajctaeu rwnf+idrfyg? t+rJv_yf&Sm;ae&onf? xdk@a=umifh 'DrSm rcdir;D zGm;a&;[m rjzpfEiyg? jzpfEiajc&Sv#if r@y@kd +yD; rD;zGm;ygu toifawmfq;kH jzpfrnf kf kd f kd f d h 121

[k ajymygonf? oluyif usef;rma&;_a'gifht& ajym&v#if rcdkif.t&yftarmif;rSm 5 ay 3 vufrcGJcef@ &Sdygrnf? ,if;a=umifh uav;rD;zGm; &ef tcuftcJr&SdEdkifyg[k qdkonf? u|efawmfonf A[dkXmecGJ 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfaom OD;jrrif;ESifhyg aqG;aEG;ndE_dif; ygonf? .oabmuvnf; r@okd@c%ydk@um rD;zGm;zdk@ jzpfonf? u|efawmfonf r@ ay:rSvm=uaom &JabmfwcsKd@ESifhvnf; wdkifyif!dEdkif;ygao;onf? wdk@uvnf; r@udk ,m,Dydk@+yD; rD;zGm;HkrSwyg; tjcm;&Sdrnfrxif[k ajym=uygonf? u|efawmfonf xdkudpPudk rcdkifESifhtcsdef,l aqG;aEG;&ygawmhonf? rcdkif. oabmxm;rSm r@udk vHk;0roGm;vdkyg? 'DrSmyJ u;pm;=unfhapcsifonf[k qdkygonf? vH;k 0rjzpfEiv#iawmh rv$ombJ oGm;ygrnf[vnf; rsu0ef;twGi;f rS rsu&nfrsm;a0h0J kd f f J k f f um ajymvmygonf? u|efawmfonf aemufqHk;}uH&mr&jzpfum rcdkifudk r@wufrD;zGm; zdk@yJ em;cs&ygawmhonf? rcdionf roGm;vdaomc&D;udk &ifaoG;&wemzGm;zd@k &m idyGqifum oGm;cJ&&Sm kf k k J h onf? olronf u|efawmfudkyif EkwfrqufEdkifbJ cGJcGmoGm;ygawmhonf? TonfrSm 1983 ckESpf. wae@aom ae@&ufyif jzpfygvdrfhrnf? rcdkifc&D;oGm;+yD;aemufwGif u|efawmfwdk@tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ. tajctae onf wrsKd;wzkH ajymif;vJoGm;ygonf? A[dkXmecGJ. t"duacgif;aqmifrsm;onf wm0ef t& yefqef;A[dkokd@ ajymif;=u&ygonf? 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL; OD;jrrif;onfvnf; wyfaygif;pk vkyfief;wm0efopfjzifh ajymif;a&$@oGm;ygonf? u|efawmfonfomv#if tv,fydkif; A[dk XmecG J Y quf v uf w m0ef xrf ; aqmif & ygonf ? u|ef a wmf , l & aom wm0ef r S m tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ wckvHk;udk ,m,Doabm wm0ef,l&jcif; jzpfonf? u|efawmhf tzdk@qdk&v#if Twm0efrSm 0efESifh tm; av;ESifhjrm; rr#ovdkrsKd; jzpfygonf? u|efawmf onf jzpfay:aeaom ygwDwGif;/ wyfwGif;tajctaersm;udkvnf; rausrcsrf; jzpfae ygonf? rdrdtygt0if rnfoludkrS tm;r&yg? pdwfvnf; xdcdkufygonf? ,if;tcsuf tygt0if ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh usef;rma&;csKd@,Gif;vmygonf? xdk@a=umifh OD;jrrif; yefqef;toGm;rSm vlcsif;qHkum wifjy+yD; ESifhtwl yefqef;okd@ aq;uko&ef vdkufyg oGm;cJhygonf? u|efawmfonf aq;Hkudkwufa&muf+yD; a&m*gppfaq;aomfvnf; a&m*g vuQ%mukd twdtus rodbJ jzpfaeygonf? odk@aomf q&m0efrsm;. oabmxm;t& aq;HkrSmyif qufvufwufa&mufae&ygonf? xdkumvrSm OD;jrrif;xHu u|efawmfh qDudk a=u;eef;wapmif ay;ydk@vm ygonf? ,if;a=u;eef;pmrSm rcdkifonf uav;rD;zGm;+yD; jzpfonf? uav;rSm om;a,musfm;av;jzpfI oljyefvmrnf[k qdkonf? xdk@a=umifh uav; xm;+yD; jyefvmEdkifonf[k ta=umif;jyefxm;a=umif;wkd@jzpfygonf? xyfrHI &&Sdaomowif;rSm rcdkifa&m uav;yg &efukefrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; tif;pdeftusOf;axmif 122

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