6.

1
6.1.1

Problem 6.1

ustituting f @~ H; tHA a @xHA@yHA@tHA into eqution TFRU in tksonX x Z xH ; H @~ ; tA a fj@~~ t~Ajret d3xH x x xH Z @xHA@yHA@tHAret dxHdyHdzH a j~ ~ Hj x x

xoting tht tHret a t j~ ~ Hj =cD x x   p Z Z Z  @xH A @y H A t H A2 C @y y H A2 C @z z H A2 =c @x x p @~ ; tA a x dxH dy H dz H @x xHA2 C @y yHA2 C @z zHA2   p Z  t 2 C y 2 C @z z H A2 =c x p a dz H x2 C y 2 C @z z H A2 p vetting  a x2 C y2 nd z a z zHX ~   p Z  t 2 C z 2 =c ~ p @~ ; tA a x dz ~ 2 C z 2 ~ e will use the following identityX X I @z z A  @f @z AA a @TFIA i jf H@zAj
p
i

where zi re the zeroes of f @zAX zi a for @~ ; tA is equl toX x



c2 t 2

2F reneD the delt funtion our expression

X
i

 t
Z

2

z 2 =c

2

C z 2  @z z A i jzj
p #

@~ ; tA a x

I p 2 C z 2 ~
2

" p

2

C z2  z pc2t2 2 C c 2 C z2  z C pc2t2 2 dz ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ jzj ~ jzj ~

2 r 6 6 2 4

ar

& I jct a jctj P p c & j 2 && c2t2 

p

I
c2 t 2

2

2

p  c2 t2 

p

c2 t2

  2 

2

2

2

C c2t2 2  p   c2t2 2  

2 3 7 7 5

xote tht this solution is imginry for ct <  s result of the delt funtion we9re usingF roweverD it is importnt to note tht we9re integrting over the rel numer line{ thereforeD the imginry solutions re foriddenF reneD @~ ; tA is zero for ct < F e will multiply it x y the unit step funtionX p @~ ; tA a Pc@ct 2A x c2 t2 
6.1.2

ustituting f @~ H; tHA a @xHA@tHA into eqution TFRU in tksonX x Z f @~ H; tHAret d3xH x @~ ; tA a x j~ ~ Hj x x Z H  tH a @jx A@~ HAret dxHdyHdzH ~ x xj xoting tht tHret a t j~ ~ Hj =cD x x @~ ; tA a x
ZZZ

dxH dy H dz H @x xHA2 C @y yHA2 C @z zHA2  p ZZ  t x2 C @y y H A2 C @z z H A2 =c p a dy H dz H 2 C @y y H A2 C @z z H A2 x vetting y a y yH nd z a z zHX ~ ~   p ZZ  t x2 C y 2 C z 2 =c ~ ~ p dy dz ~~ @~ ; tA a x x2 C y 2 C z 2 ~ ~ gonverting to polr oordintes in the yE~ plneX ~z   p ZZ  t x2 C 2 =c p dd' @~ ; tA a x x2 C 2   p Z  t x2 C 2 =c p a P d x2 C 2 eginD we will use the identity in eqution @TFIA to determine tht the delt funtion in the ove eqution is equl toX p   Xc p x 2 C 2  t x2 C 2 =c a jj @ iA i
 @xH A t
p

@x xHA2 C @y yHA2 C @z zHA2=c

p xoting tht the zero of the rgument of the our delt funtion is i a c2t2 x2 @there is only one root sine  is stritly nonnegtiveA nd plugging this identity into our expression for @~ ; tAX x p Z $ x $$ I  c$$2 C 2   pc2t2 x2 d @~ ; tA a P p$2 C 2 x   x $ $$$  Z p a P c  c2t2 x2 d
a P
Z

eginD we hve imginry roots for ct < jxjF por this resonD we gin multiply @~ ; tA y x the unit step funtionX @~ ; tA a Pc@ct jxjA x
6.4
6.4.1

Problem 6.4

~ e re given tht the sphere is uniformly mgnetized with m a @R=QAM R3 @eqution SFIHU ~ in tksonAF e will pik oordinte system suh tht the sphere is rotting out the ~ z ExisF reneD m a mz F olving for M nd plugging into eqution SFIHS in tkson yieldsX ~ P0 M ~ ~ Ba Q  P0 Qmz  a Q RR3
0m a PR3 z

~ ~ v ~ iqution SFIRP in tkson sttes tht E H a E C ~ B F essuming there is no externl eletri H a H nd heneX ~ eldD E ~ ~ E a ~ B v   a !z R z PR3 ~ 0m
2 3 7 5

~ ~ a 0m! 6R @{zz} z z R PR3 4 |z A

 |

a 0m! PR3

~ R

zR os 
Q

{z } R cos  i

sn ylindril oordintesX
Ez

sing the dierentil form of quss9 vwX  ~ arE "

0

a E' a H 0 m!r Er a PR3

H H U  I @ @rE A C I @E C @Ez a r @r r r @'' @z  2 3   I PR30m!Pr 0m!r PR a r R 2 R 6 m!r 0 m! a R3 C P0R3
 m! m!r a c2R3 C PR3

6.4.2

es hs lredy een givenD the monopole moments @l a HA vnish euse the sphere is eletrilly neutrlF sn dditionD euse the eletri eld found in the previous prt is odd @E @rA a E @rAAD we note tht the l a I terms will lso vnish @in ftD ll the odd l terms will vnishAF feuse the qudrupole moment @l a PA is nonvnishing @s will e shown nextAD the lowest nonvnishing moments re qudrupoleF e egin y nd the eletrostti potentil in ylindril oordintesX @~ A a x gonverting to spheril oordintesX
Z

~ E d~ `

a PR3

0 m!r 2

1 xoting tht sin2  a 3 P0@os A P2@os AX 2 0 @~ A a Pm!r I P0@os A P2@os A x R3 Q e9re prtiulrly interested in the ` a P termX m! `=2@r a RA a T0R P2@os A

2 2 @~ A a 0m!r sin  x PR3

gompring this with the ` a P; m a H term of eqution RFI in tkson yieldsX  "0 SR3  0 m! q2;0 a TR P2@os A Y1;0 @; 'A 2P  a Sm!R Y 2@os 'A 2 Tc 1;0@; A 2 Sm!r3 1 2 a Tc2R3 1 q@Q os  IA 5 @Q os2  IA 4  r Sm!R2  a Qc2  S q prom eqution RFT in tksonD we n see tht Q3;3 a P 45 q2;0X r r R  Sm!R2   Q3;3 a P S Qc2  S Rm!R2 Q3;3 a Qc2 feuse the qudrupole moment tensor is trelessD Q1;1 C Q2;2 C Q3;3F fy xEy symmetryD Q1;1 a Q2;2 F reneD Q1;1 a Q1;1 a 1 Q3;3 F 2
6.4.3

he eletrostti potentil inside the sphere is s found in the previous prtX 2 0 in@~ A a Pm!r I P0@os A P2@os A x R3 Q 0 m!r I ~r ) Ein a P0@os A P2@os A R3 Q feuse everything lower thn ` a P vnishes outside the sphereD the eletrostti potentil outside the sphere isX m!R2 I out@~ A a 0Pr3 Q P2@os A x  m!R2 ~r ) Eout a 0 4 P2 @os A Pr
 
r r @ A a "0 Eout Einr=R   0 m!R2 0 m!r I a "0 Pr4 P2@os A R3 Q I P2@os A r=R  m! I P @os A C I I P @os A a c2R2 P 2 2 Q

 

@ A a Qc2R2

m!

S P @os A I P 2

6.4.4

ia
a

Z 0
==2 2

~ E d~ `

 0 out ==2  0 B


r=R

13 !C7

6 6 0 m!R2 6 6 r 3 4

B I P @os@HAA I B 0m!R2 I P os    HC7 X B $$ B C7 2 $$ 2 Q | {z } @ Pr3 Q P C7 A5

1
|

a TR C IPR

0 m!

0 m! m! i a R0R

1=2

{z

r=R

6.5
6.5.1

Problem 6.5

trting with eqution TFIIU in tksonX I Z E Hd3x ~ ~ ~ Peld a 2 c V I Z @rA Hd3x ~ a

Peld
i

X aI "

c2

Z
V

c2

ijk

sntegrting y prtsX

i;j

@xi

H d3x
j

I X " Z H dS C " Z @Hj d3x Peld a 2 ijk j i ijk c @x

i

~ Peld

a cI2 a cI2

i;j Z

~ ~ dS H C cI2 ~ ~ dS H C cI2

Z
V

r {z H d3x ~} |
~ J

Z
S

Z
V

~ J d3x

~ ~ he surfe integrl vnishes if dS H 3 H s r 3 IF ine dS G r2D the surfe integrl 2 H 3 H s r 3 IF ~ vnishes if r

6.5.2

e strt y ylor expnding X

H a &&&C ~ r@~} C : : : @~b x | {z HA HA

~ 0) E (~

~ lugging this into our solution for Peld from the previous prt yieldsX I Z ~ E  J d3x ~ x ~ ~ P a
eld
i

Peld

I XZ a aI
c2 c2
j X j

c2

Ji xj Ej

@HAd3x

Ej

@HA
Z

xj Ji d3 x

sing the eqution two equtions elow SFSP in tksonX

Z

xj Ji d x
Z

xi Jj d3 x

I Z x J d3x Z x J d3x aA xj Jid x a P j i i j i lugging this into our expression for PeldX I X E @HA Z I @x J x J A d3x i Peld a 2 j c P j i ij j I X " E @HA I Z ~ J  d3x ~ a c2 x ijk j P k j;k Z   ~eld a I E @~ I ~ HA ~ d3 x P x c2 P ~ {z J } |
3
m ~

~ Peld

~ HA a cI2 E @~ m ~

6.5.3

e strt y dividing oth sides of eqution SFST in tkson y 0X I  Q @ mA m  r r ~ ~ ~ x H @~ A a 3 R j~j r U

ustituting this into the surfe integrl from the rst prt of this prolem yieldsX I Z dS H a I Z ~ E  dS r I  Q @ mA m  c2 |{z} ~ ~ r ~0 R r r ~ 3 ~ 2 c S j~j r S %~E0 r ~ I Z ~ E   ~ m  dS a Rc2 r ~ 0 r 4~ j~j 3 r S 2 I Z ~ E  6 ~ m 7 r2d@os Ad' a Rc2 r ~ 0 4 r ~r25 S 4  j~j  r  Z   I r ~ a Rc2 ~ E0 ~ 2m d@os Ad' r ~ j~j r S Z ~ D RI rI2 r`E0;`"ijk rj mk d@os Ad' S I " E m Z r`rj d@os Ad' a Rc2 ijk 0;` k r2 S I " E m Z r`rj d@os Ad' a Rc2 ijk 0;` k r2 S he integrl is zero unless ` a j F reneX I " E m Z rj2 d@os Ad' a Rc2 ijk 0;j k r2 S 2 3

I " E m 6 I Z 2 d@os Ad'7 7 a Rc2 ijk 0;j k 6 Q r2 4 {z }5 r S |

I I a Rc2 "ijk E0;j mk Q R a QI2 "ijk E0;j mk c ~ D QI2 E0 m ~ c
4

edding this to the volume integrl @whih is equl to the solution found in the seond prt to this prolemA yields the nl nswerX  I E m C  I E m ~ ~0 Peld a 2 ~ 0 ~ ~ Qc c2
~ Peld ~ a QP2 E0 m ~ c

he sme result n e otined y plugging eqution eqution SFTP @ eqution TFIIUX I E Z Hd3x ~ ~ P a ~
eld

R
V

~ Hd3 x

a 2 mA into 3~

I E  P m a c2 ~ 0 Qc2 ~ ~ a QP2 E0 m ~ c

c2