INFRASTRUCTURE

DEVNADI DAM
Nikhil Sagade: 43 Radhika Limsay: 29 Apoorv Pathak: 39

Social Mapping

Target Pointing

Devnadi : Lifeline for Sinnar

HISTORY OF IRRIGATION

There are 20 BANDHARAS built on this river by British Government in 1870. Each check dam has a canal, which is further divided into sub-canals. The gravitational flow of the water ensures that every piece of land is irrigated.

Stakeholder analysis

Villagers

Farmers

Public /Private institutions

Consumers

Traders

Political parties Devnadi DAM Project N.G.O Panchayat

Jila parishad

Yuvamitra

Govt. offices

OUR LEARNINGS
Water

Storage and percolation problem Encourage 5 kunthe farming Catchments store huge amount of water Silt deposition and displacement is an issue Lack of awareness and funds for irrigation planning Water conservation facilities not available Height of dam walls(bandhara) Mud blocks should be increased

OBSERVATIONS
Traditional

v/s Latest approach Lack of awareness, confidence Water Rotations in channels should be more frequent Restriction on number of wells Decision on Ownership

SUGGESTIONS
Seasonal

employment use of origami Artificial lakes, ponds, reservoirs More no. of simple water conservations techniques like rain water harvesting Training on use of more conservative techniques of water utilization Spreading awareness with the help of schools and students Exploring more resource points like Aundhewadi with the help of experts and agencies

BANDHARA

Canal constructed by Farmers

Value Profiling : DAMS

Function To store water for a longer period of time so that farmers can cultivate crops throughout the year without facing any drought problems. Experience In summers they face lot of problems related to percolation of water. Dams existed from the era of 1870s Limits Dams are drying out because of bad weather conditions . Challenge Percolation of water with increase in population of the villages . Height Increase

Stones/Cement :Stones are the basic raw material required for constructing the dams.

Farms:Water which is stored in dams is used as a irrigation purpose for the cultivations of crops.

Labour:- Labour is required for the construction of dams.

Catchments:- Rain water is stored into dams with the help of these catchments

Pressure Point: more ponds can be formed to store the water from the catchments ,since the land availability is less to create such bhandharas Chock Point: the height of the dams cannot be increased because the farms are next to the dams and due to excess water supply the crops will get damaged.The dams cannot be in ampole amount since of land scarcity. Welingkar

Value Profiling : CANALS

Function The rain water which is hit by the catchments and directed towards the river is being supplied into the farms of various villages by building the canals and giving them diversification through various gate channels. Experience The canals are usually dig by the farmers before 3 months of rainy season. The canal water is being given to each village as per rotation of 7 days. the metal gate is used as a channel to diversify the water. Limits Per farmer a canal is not possible because of limitation of the areas. Challenge No proper association is taking into account the canal infrastructure

Labour:- Digging work of the canals is undertaken by the farmers themselves by appropriate tools.

Crops:- most of the crops receive water by these canals

Water Diversification:Water from river is diverted to water the neighboring farms

. Farms:- water

from canals is used to water farms.

Pressure Point: No maintenance head under govenrment budget, people are not aware about the benefits Chock Point:- A permanent canal cannot being built because of various issues of land, water and political scenario Welingkar

VALUE PROFILING : Roads and Houses

Function Houses solve the purpose of providing shelter to the villagers and their animals which are their source of income.

Experience There are very rare concrete structures, rest are houses made of brick walls and mud walls covered with bamboo rooftops
Limits: budget allocation by govt., availability of labour Challenge:- Because of the major area of the village is covered by farms villagers are finding difficult to setup new houses.

Brick Houses:Most of the houses are made of bricks and covered with clay or mud.

Roads are semi constructed and are in descent condition

Pressure Point: Village area remains neglected as more focus is upon developing near by industrial area and SEZ

Welingkar

Value Profiling :Rivers

Function:To cater to the basic needs of the farmers as well as water the farms. Experience The village suffers drought between the span of January to May. Water inside the river dries out . Limits:- River water is not accessible to all the 20 villages around.

Source:Source is from the rain water

Catchment:- It is basically a drain area for rain water. Water is drained down into the villages in the form of river.

Bandharas: to stop and diverge water to different canals attached at various locations

.River water is used for cultivation

Pressure Point: no NRM (Natural Resource Management) system incorporated till date

Challenge:- Water percolation is the greatest challenge .

Chock Point: no perennial source of water, dependence on rain

Welingkar

VALUE PROFILING: WELLS

Function:To cater to the basic needs of the farmers as well as water the farms. Experience The village suffers drought between the span of January to May. Water inside the wells dries out . Limits:- number of wells Challenge:- More wells are dug because of the decrease in the water table. EMPTY WELL:Empty wells are the outcomes of reduction in the water table

Too many number of villages is a threat to water table, its difficult to maintain the same

Chock point: no regulatory body to keep a check in excessive digging of wells in a certain locality

Scenario 1:Seasonal Employment for Women in the drought period.

Seasonal Employment: In Sinnar region people rely largely on rain water .The cultivation cycle is of 6 months starting from June/July to December/jan and can be extended up to month of febmar depending upon the availibity of water. When rain doesnt fall in plenty amount the water table becomes low and there is no enough water for the cultivation of crops During this period ,the women of the house can utilize the time by doing 3-4 months of seasonal employment'. Like doing origami, stone carving ,or working in fields or making home made pickles. This will not only make them self employed but will serve a purpose of earning.

Weaving bags, carpets, mats will be an a good options since many of them are good in sewing and this can be sold in near by macro markets

The skills required to make a Bidi is very similar to Origami , so this type of the hand made products can be exhibited and sold in the govt. emporium and private shops

In the Sinnar area there was a lot of white stone available. So it can be crushed to . make rangoli or can be carved in various small sculptures which can be sold in high end gift shops.
Value point: Employment generation, way of earning, way of resources utilization

Welingkar

Scenario2 : Effective Irrigation Techniques

Treadle pumps A simple, inexpensive human-powered water pump to irrigate crops. This technology would help Sinnar farmers if it could be adapted to local conditions and manufactured locally. A great deal of focus is being placed on optimising existing systems through better management in an effort to increase efficiency and save costs without the need for large capital investment, . Farmers who switched from sprinkler irrigation to drip systems (above) have cut their water use by 30-60% Chock Pint: the higher cost of diesel energy may be a factor mitigating against this technology.

Drip irrigation is already in use, we propose to introduce Linear irrigation system measures 1 km across, with two arms each extending 500 m, traversing 2,5 km, and giving total irrigation coverage of 250 ha. The company says that the technology saves water, reduces labour input, is able to produce the highest crop yields at relatively low capital cost, is flexible and offers greater water management capabilities, with a 95% uniform water distribution over the crop. Linear systems are fed through a central, or side, channel, which is cheaper and has a lower energy demand than pressurised pipe systems. The larger systems are diesel driven, so there is no reliance on electricity, which is erratic in many parts of INDIA

Welingkar

Scenario 3:- Government

Commitments of the government:1) Maintenance and efficient operation and modernisation where necessary of irrigation system in the Command Area. 2) Development and maintenance of the main and subsidiary drainage system in the command Area. 3) Conducting soil survey from time to time and modifying most suitable cropping pattern in the command Area. 4) Ensuring efficient maintenance of the fixed channels and field drains within the command area. 5) Prescribing and enforcing an appropriate system of distribution and regulation of water supply through the command Area. 6) Implementation of policies of the Government in respect of the intensive development of the command . 7) Long term solution of proposing a huge dam project with hydroelectricity power plant in order to store the water from catchments and various other sources, this will be done with the help of collaboration with private sector company (source : confidential )

Chock Point: Govt. Officer Irrigation dept. : We dont want to spend on maintenance of such a system(traditional British times Canal and bandhara System) which is temporary and provides water during rainfall, we are looking forward to large projects which can be a long term solution.
Welingkar

Scenario 4: Guntha farming

The 5 ghunthe farming is that in which instead of cultivating 1 crop in whole land. the farm is divided in equivalent 5 different areas. In each area separate crop is cultivated. So the lands 1 bhiga is 1/5 guntha. . 40 ghuente-1 acre 20 ghute -1 bhiga Its a good practice in time of water storage since itll earn around 1000/per day. so maximum propagation of such farming should be done

Welingkar

Scenario 6: Rain Water Harvesting programs

Storage of rainwater on surface for future use Dams: percolation of water

Rainfall is the most unpredictable thing. most of the rain water is being wasted and passes through drainage and sewage gutters. there are two ways for rain water harvesting Storage of rainwater on surface for future use. Recharge to ground water.

Ponds: helps to store the water in small areas ,unlike dams it is small and is total independent
.

Weir is a small overflow dam used to alter the flow characteristics of a river or stream

Welingkar

Scenario 5:Rain water harvesting: recharge of ground water

Wells: the water can be stored but if incase huge number of wells are placed in one area, itll cause water table low.

Recharge to ground water: Wells Pits

the Rooftop collection of rainwater can be done as the water can be collected with the help of catchment and the water will be stored I big containers, as a storage . purpose.

Chock Point: more area is required for if in case we are making rain water harvesting for whole village. Welingkar