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CHAPTER 6: WAVES
1. Motion of Waves
A wave front is a line or plane on which the vibration of every points on it are in phase
same
and are at the………….(same/different) position from the source of the water.
circular
2. When we use a fingertip to touch the surface of water repeatedly, ……....(circular/plane)
wavefronts are produced.
3. Types of waves
There are 2 types of waves :-
(a) Transverse
………………. wave Longitudinal
wave
(b) ……………….
4. Transverse wave
(i). Transverse wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is
perpendicular
at ……………….. (parallel/perpendicular) to the direction of propagation of the wave.
A A
B B
crest
A = … ……………….(crest / compression)
trough
B = …………………..(rarefaction /trough)
Q Q
sound wave
(ii) Example of longitudinal wave:…………………………..
compression
P = …………………..(crest / compression)
rarefaction
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Q = …………………..(rarefaction / trough)
Amplitude, Period and Frequency of a Wave
A
C A
B B
Figure 6.20
the position of the object where is no resultant force acts on the object.
1. Equilibrium position is …………………………………………………………….
2. One complete oscillation of the pendulum occurs when the pendulum bob moves from
A-B-C-B-A
…………............
6. Wave speed
If the wavelength of the wave is λ , the waves move forward a distance of f x λ
per second. Therefore, the speed of waves, v
v=f λ
Frequency, f
Question 3 The number of complete oscillations per
In an experiment , Lim observes that a simple second.
Question
pendulum 2completes 30 ascillations in 48.0 The S.I. unit is Hertz (Hz)
A child on
seconds. a swing
What is makes 20 complete
2 swings in The number off complete
= 1 oscillations
or f = per
n
30 seconds.
the period ofWhat is the frequency of the
oscillation? second. T t
oscillation?
The frequency of oscillation? The S.I. unit is Hertz (Hz)
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
0 0
Exercise 6.1
Figure 6.10
A
1. (a) The wavelength of the wave in the diagram above is given by letter ……….
D
(b) The amplitude of the wave in the diagram above is given by letter …………
Figure 6.11
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Exercise 6.11
Answer:
(a) f = 30/15 = 2 Hz
(b) T = 1/f
= 1/2
= 0.5 s
2. Displacement/cm
5
0 2 4 6 Time/s
-5
= 0.25 Hz
Displacement/cm
5
0 6
2 4
-5 Distance/cm
Answer:
(a) amplitude = 5 cm
(b) Wavelength = 0.4 cm
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Answer:
Amplitude: 4/2 = 2 cm 1
Period: T = = 0.08 s
f
Wavelength: 5 ×2 = 10 cm
Answer:
v=fxλ
= 3 x 0.5
= 1.5 m s-1
6.0 cm
•
6. The figure shows a wavefront pattern in a ripple tank produced by a vibrating dipper at
frequency of 5 Hz. What is the wave speed?
Answer:
f = 5 Hz
λ = 6.0/4 = 1.5 cm
V=fλ
= 7.5 cm s-1
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
4.5 cm
•
7. The figure shows a wavefront pattern in a ripple tank produced by a vibrating dipper at
frequency of 5 Hz. What is the wave speed?
Answer:
f = 5 Hz
λ = 4.5/3 = 1.5 cm
V=f λ
= 7.5 cm s-1
20 cm (5λ)
8. A mechanical stroboscope has 12 slits and rotates at a frequency 5 Hz. The stroboscope
is used to observe water waves. The observer notes there are 6 successive bright bands at a
distance 20 cm. Calculate the speed of the water waves.
Answer:
f=np λ = 20/5
= 4 cm
= 12 x 5 V=fλ
= 60 Hz = 60 x 4
= 240 cm s-1
9. The figure shows a loudspeaker produces a sound with a frequency 300 Hz. Calculate
(a) the wavelength.
(b) the speed of sound
Answer:
(a) 0.6 m
(b) V = f λ
= 300 x 0.6
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
= 180 m s-1
10. A given wave travels at a speed of 2 x 105 ms-1. If the frequency of the wave is 1000 Hz,
Calculate the wavelength
Answer:
λ= v/f
2 x10 5
= = 200 m
1000
(b) f = v / λ
= 330 / 0.5
= 660 Hz
Damping
Figure 6.12
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
process whereby oscillations die down due to a loss of energy to friction forces.
1. Damping is a …………………………………………………………………………..
increases
2. When a system is damped , the amplitude of the of oscillation …………….
(decreases/increases) slowly until the system stops oscillating.
Resonans
A resonance isthe phenomenon when the oscillating system is driven at its natural frequency by
……………………………………………………
a periodic force.
……………………………………………………………………………..
E
A
B D
C
Figure 6.12: Barton’s pendulum
Pendulum B and D are the same length. When pendulum B oscilates, all the pendulum start
to oscilate. But pendulum B and D have the same length, so there have same natural
maximum
frequency. So pendulum D will oscilates with ……………(maximum/minimum) amplitude.
1. Reflection of a wave occurs when a wave strikes an obstacle such as barrier, plane
reflector, mirror and wall.
2. The reflection
(i) The of incidence
angle of waves obeys the law
is equal of reflection
to the :
angle of reflection.
………………………………………………………………
(ii)The incident wave, the reflected wave and the normal lie in the same plane.
………………………………………………………………..
3. When the reflection of a wave happened , the wavelength ,λ, the frequency, f and the
do not change
speed, v …………………….but the direction of propagation of the wave changes.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Exercise 6.2
Complete the diagram below.
(b)
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Water waves
Ripple tank
Screen
B D B D B D B
B = Bright
D = Dark
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
1. When rays of light strike any surface the rays are reflected , unless the surface is
black, when they are absorbed.
2. A plane mirror is a flat smooth surface which reflects regularly most of the light
falling on it.
Figure 6.20
1. The characteristics of reflection of light waves:
(i) The size of the image = the size of the object
…………………………………………………………………
(ii) The distance of the image = the distance of the object
2. The bright and dark bands of the wave pattern formed on the screen because the
convex lens
surface of water acts as lenses. The crest of water waves similar with …………….
concave lens
(concave lens /convex lens) and the trough of water waves similar with ……
(concave lens /convex lens).
Exercise 6.21
The diagram shows a single ray of light being directed at a plane mirror. What are the
angles of incidence and reflection?
(a) (b)
i r
o
35
Answer:
o
i =r = 90 – 55 = 35
i = r = 70 o
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
1. The sound waves is reflected by walls and ceilings of buildings, unborn baby or sea
bed.
Figure 6.21
2. The sound wave from the stopwatch experience a reflection after striking the smooth
wall.
equal to
The angle of incidence, i is ………….(equal to /more than/less than) the angle of
reflection, r.
Exercise 6.22
50 m
1. The diagram shows a student shouting in front of a school building. Calculate the time
taken by the student to hear the echo of his voice.
[The speed of sound in air is 340 m s-1 ]
Answer:
2(50)
2s = v x t , t= = 0.29 s
340
2.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
If an echo is heard one second after the holler and reflects off canyon walls which are a
distance of 170 meters away, then what is the speed of the wave?
Answer:
2s = v x t
2 s 2(170)
v= = = 340 m s-1
t 1
6.3 ANALYSING REFRACTION OF WAVES
change of direction of the propagation of waves
1. The refraction of water waves occur when there is a ………………………………………
traveling from a medium to another medium due
to a change of speed.
Figure 6.30
frequency
1. After refraction, the wave has the same …………………………. but a different
speed, wavelength and direction.
………………………….
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
λ1 λ2
Deep shallow
Figure 6.31
towards
1. When the water wave travel from a deep area, the direction of the waves is refracted ………
(towards/away from) the normal.
2. The angle of incidence, i of the water isgreater ………. (greater / smaller) than the angle of
refraction, r
3. When the refraction of a wave happened , the frequency, f does not change but the
wavelength
……………… ,λ, the speed and the direction of propagation
................................................................................of the wave change.
Exercise 6.3
1. Complete the table below to show the properties of refracted water waves when wave travels
from one area to another area of a different depth. Use the words given.
Properties of refracted water Deep water to shallow water Shallow water to deep water
waves
Wavelength Decreases Increases
Velocity Decreases Increases
Frequency Unchanged Unchanged
Direction of travel Bends towards the normal Bends away from the normal
2. On each of the following diagram, draw the refracted wave by the perspex.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
2.A plane wave has a wavelength of 2 cm and a velocity of 8 cms-1 as it moves over the
surface of shallow water. When the plane wave moves into an area of greater, depth, its
velocity becomes 12 cms-1. What is the
a. wavelength
b. frequency
of the wave in the area of greater depth?
•Answer:
8 2
(a) λ1 = 2 v1 = 2 v=fλ =
12 λ 2
v1 λ1 12x 2
λ2 = ? v2 = 12 = λ2 = = 3 cm
v2 λ2 8
v 12
(b) f = = = 4 Hz
λ 3
Refraction of water wave of the sea water
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Figure 6.32
1. Why are the speed and wavelength of waves in the middle of the sea almost uniform?
The depth of water in the middle of the sea is almost uniform.
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What do you think would happen to the wave speed if the depth of water is increased?
The speed increases
…………………………..
.
3. Why do the distances between the wavefronts decrease as the waves approach the beach?
On approaching the beach, the depth of water decreases. The speed of waves decrease and the
……………………………………………………………………………………………
wavelength is decreased.
4. Why is the water in the bay stationary compared to the water at the cape?
The depth of water varies across the area of the bay
……………………………………………………………………………………………
The energy of the water wave spreads to a wider area as compared to the region near the cape
The amplitude of the water wave near the bay is low and hence the water at the bay is
comparatively still
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
glass block
Figure 6.33
1. When a ray propagates from one medium to an optically denser medium, the ray refracts
towards
…………………(towards / away from) the normal.
decreases
2. The speed of light …………….(decreases/increases) as it propagates in the glass block,
causing it to alter the direction of propagation.
2. On a hot day, the hot surface of the Earth causes the layer of air near the surface to be
warmer
………… (warmer/cooler)
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Exercise 6.4
1. The table shows the properties of diffracted water waves as they pass through a gap.
Choose the correct answers given into the blanks.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
2. Complete the diagrams below by drawing the wavefronts to show the diffraction of water
waves.
(c)Wider obstacle
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Smaller bright strip at the centre Larger bright strip at the centre
1. The diffraction of light waves occur when the light waves pass through a small slit or
small pin hole.
2. The wider middle bright fringe shows that the light waves diffracted after pass
through a narrow slit.
less
3. If the slit becomes wider, diffraction pattern becomes ………….. (less/more) distinct.
Figure 6.42
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
1. A listener is requested to stand on the other side of the corner of the wall so that the radio
is beyond his vision.
2. The listener is able to hear the sound of the radio although it is behind the wall.
3. It is because the sound of the radio spreads around the corner of the wall due to diffraction
of sound.
1. Interference is the superposition of two waves from two coherent sources meet
frequency
2. Two waves are in coherent if they are of the same ………………….and amplitude
………………,
Principle of superposition
When two waves overlap, the resultant displacement is
1. The principle of superposition states that………………………………………………………
equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual wave
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
the crests or troughs of both waves coincide to produce
2. Constructive interference occurs when…………………………………………………
a wave with maximum amplitude.
the crests of one wave coincide with the trough of
3. Destructive interference occurs when………………………………………………………
the other waves to produce a wave with zero amplitude
+ =
+ =
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
When the vertical displacement of two waves are in the same direction as in Figure 6.50
constructive
(a) and (b), …………………………(constructive/destructive) interference occurs.
+ =
Figure 6.51
NODAL LINE
ANTINODAL LINE
1. At the points of constructive interference, the water moves up and down with a ………
large
…(large/ small) amplitude
antinodes
2. The points of constructive interferences, is known as …………..( nodes/antinodes)
nodes
The points of destructive interferences is known as ………………(nodes/antinodes).
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Exercise 6.5
B
C
Figure 6.53
1. Figure 6.53 shows the interference pattern of water by two coherent sources of water
waves.
constructive
(i) At point A, two crest meet resulting in ……………………….. interference.
constructive
(ii) At point B, two through meet resulting in ……………………..interference.
destructive
(iii) At point C, a crest meet a trough resulting in …………………interference.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
A,B
(a) Constructive interference:…………………….
C,D, E, F
(b) Destructive interference:……………………..
.
5. Two dot vibrators which has a separation of 5.0 cm are placed on a water surface in
a ripple tank. The distance between two adjacent antinodes on a screen is 3.0 cm. If
the perpendicular distance between the dot vibrators and the screen is 10.0 cm, what
is the wavelength of the water waves?
Answer:
5.0 x3.0
λ= = 1.5 cm
10.0
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
coherent
1. Two sources are said to be ……………………if they have the same frequency of
vibration and a zero or constant phase difference.
interference
2. We can use a ripple tank to observe …………………..patterns of water waves.
constructive
3. Antinodes are points where ……………… ..interference occurs.
destructive
4. Nodes are points where ………………interference occurs.
antinodes
5. Antinodal lines are lines joining ………………………
nodes
6. Nodal lines are lines joining …………………………
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
A ray of light passes through the single slit and reaches the double-slit will give
rise to two coherent light rays.
1. Interference occur when at least two coherent light waves overlap or superpose
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Exercise 6.51
Answer:
(a) λ = 633 nm = 633 x 10-9
a = 0.5 mm = 0.5 x 10-3 m
D =4m
633 x10 −9 x 4
x=
0.5 x10 −3
x = 5.064 x 10-3 mm
(b)
14 mm
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
2. The wavelength of light can be determined with a double-slit plate. The diagram
above shows the pattern of interference fringes obtained in a Young’s double-slit
experiment. The separation distance of the two slit is 0.20 mm and the distance
between the screen and the double-slit plate is 4.0 m.
Calculate the wavelength of the light used in the experiment.
Exercise 6.52
1. Two loud speakers placed 2 m apart are connected to an audio signal generator that is
adjusted to produce sound waves of frequency 550 Hz. The detection of loud and soft
sounds as a person moves along a line is at 4.0 m from the loudspeakers. Distance
between two loud places is 1.2 m.
Calculate the
(a) wavelength
(b) speed
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Answer:
(a) a = 2 m
D = 4.0 m
2x1.2
λ= = 0.6 m
4.0
(b) f = 550 Hz
V=fλ
= 550 x 0.6
= 330 m s-1
1. Sound waves are longitudinal waves which require a medium for its propagation.
amplitude
2. The loudness of the sound is depend to the …………………
frequency
3. The pitch of the sound is depend to the ……………………...
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
2d = v x
t
Exercise 6.60
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
boundary
When a wave reaches the (1) .......... from one medium to another medium, a
portion of the wave undergoes reflection while the other portion of the wave
undergoes transmission across the boundary.
loudnest
The (2)………. sound will be heard when the angle of incidence, i equals the
angle of reflection, r
reflection
Therefore, we can say that sound waves obey the laws of (3)………..
Echoes
(4)…….. that are causes by multiple reflections from numerous reflecting
surfaces of a large hall can create an impression that sound lasts for a long time.
If the reflector is near to the sound source, the reflected sound will overlap the
origin sound. It will not be heard as a separate sound, but as a prolonged origin
sound known as (5)…………reverberation
Answer:
v = 1482 m s-1, t = 0.35 s
2d=vxt
1482x0.35
d= = 259.35 m
2
Field Application
Medicine Sound waves of high energy are directed
to the kidney stones to destroy them in the
cavity of the kidney.
Industry Sound waves of high energy are directed
to the kidney stones to destroy them in the
cavity of the kidney.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
1. perpendicular
The electric and magnetic field vibrate ………………..(perpendicular/parallel) to
each other and to the direction of propagation.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Exercise 6.70
1. The diagram below shows the pattern of spectrum electromagnetic. In the boxes
provided, write the names of the parts given .
Radiowave microwave gamma ray x-ray visible ray infra-red ray ultraviolet ray
wavelength
frequency
Table 6.70
Identify P, Q, R and S
Answer:
P = Infra-red rays
Q = Microwaves
R = Visible light
S = Gamma rays
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Reinforcement Chapter 6
A. 8 Hz.
B. 1/8 Hz
C. 4 Hz.
D. ¼ Hz
E. 12 Hz
A. x-ray.
B. Gamma ray
C. water wave
D. microwave.
A. x-ray
B. gamma ray
C. sound wave
D. light wave.
A. 4 cm
B. 8 cm
C. 10 cm
D. 15 cm
E. 20 cm
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
A. velocity.
B. Frequency
C. Amplitude
D. Period.
A. reflection.
B. Refraction.
C. Interference.
7. A given wave travels at a speed of 4 x 105 ms-1. If the frequency of the wave is 1000 Hz,
calculate the wavelength
A. 100 m
B. 200 m
C. 300 m
D. 400 m
E. 500 m
9. Which of the following electromagnetic waves are arranged in the order of increasing
wavelength.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Figure 1
1. Figure 1 shows the use of sonar equipment to measure the depth of the sea.
(a) Reflection
State the phenomenon of sound wave applied in sonar equipment.
……………….
[1 mark]
5
(b) Sound waves with frequency of 6.0 x 10 Hz are used to determine the depth of
the sea. [speed of sound in sea water = 1500 m s-1]
[2 marks]
(ii) If the time interval between the instant the sound wave is sent to the
instant the echo is received is 1.5 s, what is the depth of the sea
vt 1500x1.5
d= = = 1125 m [2 marks]
2 2
2.
Figure 2
A ping pong ball is held with a string and placed near a loudspeaker as shown
in Figure 2
The loudspeaker emits a low frequency sound and the ping-pong ball seems to
vibrate to it.
(a) Explain how the sound from the loudspeaker produces vibration on the ping
pong ball.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
The vibration of the loudspeaker moves the air molecules around it.
The sound wave produced by the loudspeaker transfers energy to the ping
pong ball and causes it to move
(b) What will happen to the vibration of the ping pong ball if the loudness emits
(i) a louder sound?
The ping pong ball vibrates with greater amplitude
(c) If the frequency of the sound is 50 Hz, calculate the wavelength of the sound
produced. [Assume the speed of the sound in air in 350 ms-1]
v 350
λ= = = 7m
f 50
3. (a) Figure 3 shows two sets of ripple tanks used to study diffraction of waves.
(ii) Which of the two sets will show a bigger effect of diffraction. Explain
your answer.
The set shown in Figure 4.1 will show a bigger effect of diffraction. This is
because the narrower the gap, the more the waves spread out.
(iii) Redraw and complete Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 to show the differences
between the two diffraction patterns.
(iv) State the characteristic to the diffracted waves in terms of waves in terms
of wavelength, frequency, speed and amplitude compared to the incident
waves.
(a) Wavelength remains unchanged
(b) Frequency remains unchanged
(c) Speed remains unchanged
(d) Amplitude becomes smaller compared to the incident waves
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
4. You are assigned to investigate the properties of waves that could be used in
broadcasting and communication. Table below shows the properties of six types
of waves P, Q, R, S T and U.
Based on the table, select the most suitable wave that could be used in
broadcasting and communication and give your reasons.
[10 marks]
Answer:
Characteristics Reason
It is transverse wave It can be modulated by the signal frequency
It does not require It can travel through vacuum
material medium for
propagation
It travels at a very high Information can be sent immediately to any
speed destination
It does not need a high Information can be transmitted in a straight
penetrating power line from one place to another
Wave R is chosen
because of it is transverse wave, not require material medium, very high speed
and doesn’t need a high penetrating power.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
5. Figure 5.1 shows the arrangement of the apparatus tor an experiment to study a
wave phenomenon.
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.1 shows the bright and dark bands of the wave pattern formed on the
white piece of paper produced by the vibration of two spherical dippers on the
water surface.
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3
(ii) Observe Figures 5.2 and 5.3. Compare the wave patterns produced by
the spherical dippers.
State the relationship between the distance of the two coherent of two
consecutive node or antinode lines.
[5 marks]
Answer:
i. The spherical dippers are closer in Figures 5.2 and they are futher
apart in Figure 5.3
ii. The wavelength is the same in Figure 5.2 and 5.3.
iii. The distance of two separation between two consecutive antinode or
node lines is smaller in Figure 5.3 than 5.2
iv. The angle between the successive antinode or node lines is smaller in
Figure 5.3 than5.2
v. The smaller the distance between two coherent sources, the larger is the
distance between the two consecutive antinode or node lines.
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
Part C: Essay
1. Figure 6.0 shows the arrangement of the apparatus for an experiment to study a
wave phenomenon.
Figure 6.0
Figure 6.1 shows the bright and dark bands of the waves pattern formed on the white
paper when plane waves passes through the narrow and wide gaps.
Diffraction [1 mark]
(b) (i)
Explain how the dark and light bands are formed on the white paper.
[4 marks]
√ Figure / Troughs
act as a concave
lens √ Figure / Crests
act as a convex
lens
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 5
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 6:Wave
(ii) Observe Figure 6.2(a) and (b). Compare the waves patterns and the wavelength of
the waves before and after they pass through the gaps.
Relate the size of the gaps, the waves patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a
relevant physics concept.
[5 marks]
a. In figure 6.1(a), size of the wavelength is the same as size of the gap // In figure
6.1(b), size of the gap is wider than size of the wavelength
b. In figure 6.1(a) and figure 6.1(b), size of the wavelengths are the same before and
after they pass through the gaps.
c. The waves emerging from the narrow gap in figure 6.1(a) is circular wavefronts
d. The waves emerging from the wider gap is plane wavefronts
e. When a wave passes through a gap, the wave spreads.
The narrower the gap the greater the spreading of the wave
(c) Figure 6.3 shows the seashore of a fishing village. During the rainy season, waves
are big. One year the waves eroded the seashore, caused the jetty to collapse and
damaged the fishermen’s boats.
Figure 6.3
To prevent similar damage in the future, the fishermen suggest building retaining walls
and relocating the jetty.
Make further suggestion of ways to help the fishermen solve their problems.
You should use your knowledge of reflection, refraction and diffraction of waves to
explain these suggestions, to include the following aspects.
(i) the design and structure of the retaining wall,
(ii) the location of the new jetty
(iii) the size or energy of the waves
[10 marks]
Answer:
1. Build slanting barrier to reduce speed of wave
2. Build the rough barrier to reduce reflection of the waves
3. Build the new jetty at the bay because the water is calm at the bay
4. Build the small opening surround the bay because diffraction happens at the opening
5. Build the barrier at the bay because the wave is spread according to the shape of the
bay
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