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Fri. Jan. 30th = The Culture of Emigration: Who came from England tothe American colonies, and why? (early-to mid-1600s)
The Culture of Emigration: Who came to the colonies, and why? (early- to mid-1600s)
1. Why emigrate from England? ... and why immigrate to America?A. Overpopulation (late-1500s to early-1700s; due to the 1500s Columbian Exchange) encouragesmany poor English to leave [see review of the 2006 film "The New World"at http://hnn.us/articles/21263.html] B. Chartered companies (business investors) look to areas north of Spanish colonies in NorthAmericai. Sir Walter Raleigh claims "Virginia Colony" for England (1584), and first settlementestablished (1585)ii. Roanoke fails (by 1589) due to lack of new supplies brought in on a regular basis (war with Spain,1588)iii. "Virginia Company" (1605-24) promises huge profits to investorsiv. Jamestown (1607+) eventually succeeds in the Chesapeake region [see link to interactiveversion of Capt. John Smith's 1612 map of Virginia at:http://www.mariner.org/chesapeakebay/colonial/col009.html]v. English expect Native American "Indians" to cooperate in helping find goldvi. The irony of propaganda: Virginia promoted as a paradise but colonists barely survive the"starving winter" (1609-10)vii. How to sustain a colony?a. Farmers needed: Virginia Company offers "headrights" (1610+) = grants of land to those settlerswho bring over workers (who get no land)b. Farm workers (cheap labor) needed: "indenture" system started with "freedom dues" as reward(1614+)c. Edmund Sandys promotes factories and English-Indian communitiesd. Grant some self-rule: America's 1st legislative assembly convened in Jamestown, 1619
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