Technical/Bulletin No.

Guidelines for Quality Seed Production and Certification in Sindh

Edited by Muhammad Boota Arain

Deputy Director FSC&RD

Agricultural Policies Research and Awareness Center (APRAC)

6/B City Apartment, Hirabad, Hyderabad. Email: aprac02@hotmail.com

Contents
1. Introduction.
2.

List of crop varieties approved for cultivation in Sindh Province.

3. Schedule of seed certification activities in Sindh province. 4. Concise Field Standards (Pre-basic, Basic & Certified). 5. Concise Seed Standards (Pre-basic & Basic). 6. Concise Seed Standards (Certified & Truth-in-labeling). 7. Field and Seed Standards for Approved Category. 8. Norms of Seed Sampling. 9. Isolation requirements for seed crops. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Working hints for Seed Certification. Comparative characters of wheat varieties. Comparative characters of cotton varieties. Comparative characters of rice varieties. Quality cotton seed production in Sindh.

INTRODUCTION
This technical bulletin has been compiled to bring together necessary information on various aspects of seed certification which may be helpful for seed growers, seed companies and seed certification staff. Detailed procedures of field inspection, seed sampling and seed analysis have been omitted in the bulletin for the sake of conciseness. It is duly acknowledged that all the material included in this document has been taken from the official notifications of Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department (FSC&RD) and recreated only to make the information brief and handy. However FSC&RD is not responsible for any error or omission in this bulletin and it is not a valid document for any legal proceeding. Tables of Comparative Characters contain main characters of wheat, cotton and rice varieties which are presently in certified seed production system. Full text descriptions of all crop varieties approved for cultivation in Sindh are available as separate publication. Current taxonomic status of each scientific name included in this document has been reviewed using database of Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) of US Department of Agriculture (USDA). We are thankful to Mr. Muhammad Azhar Sealing Inspector and Mr. Altaf Hussain Laboratory Assistant for contributing in collection of related material and proof reading. However it was constant encouragement of Dr. Syed Akhlaq Hussain, Director General FSC&RD which made it possible to compile and publish this bulletin. Criticism on the document will be appreciated to improve next editions.

Dated: 27th May, 2004

Editors

List of Crop Varieties Approved for Cultivation in Sindh Province

(As on 27-05-2004)

1. WHEAT: ZA-77, TJ-83, Mehran-89, Anmol-91, Abadgar-93,

Momal-2002, Jauhar-78, Sarsabz, Soghat-90, Kiran-95, Marvi-2000, TD-1 and Bhitai.

2. COTTON: Qalandri, Sarmast, Rehmani, Reshmi, Shahbaz-95,

SKD 10/19, K 68/9, Shaheen, CRIS-9, Marvi (CRIS-5A), CRIS-134, Chandi-95, Sohni, CRIS-467, NIAB-78, CIM473, FH-901 and FH-1000.
3. RICE: IRRI-6, DR-82, DR-83, Lateefi, Sadahayat, DR-92,

Kanwal-95, Shadab, Shua-92, Khushboo-95 and Sarshar.

4. SUGARCANE: BF-129, NIA-98 and Thatta-10. 5. MUNG BEAN: AEM-96 (Khalood). 6. CHICKPEA (GRAM): DG-89 and DG-92. 7. RAPE & MUSTARD: Agati sarhein. 8. SAFFLOWER: Thori-78. 9. LINSEED (FLAX): Ilsi-90. 10. CASTOR: DS-30. 11. BITTER GOURD: Nasarpuri.

Schedule of certification activities in Sindh province CROP WHEAT ACTIVITY LAST DATE Submission of list of seed 15th February fields. Application for acceptance sampling. Seed sampling after processing. COTTON Submission of list of seed fields; i) Upper Sindh ii) Lower Sindh Crop inspection; i) Upper Sindh ii) Lower Sindh PADDY Application for sampling. Submission of list of seed fields. Crop inspection. 15th July 30th November

31st July 30th May 15th October 31st August 28th February 31st July 30th September

Field Standards
(Maximum %)

Crop
Barley, oat Wheat* Paddy Maize-OP Cotton Alfalfa, clover Pearl millet Sorghum-OP Sorghum inbred Groundnut Rape, mustard Sesame Sunflower Soybean Safflower Gram Lentil Mung-mash-moth Onion Cabbages Cucurbits Eggplant Pepper Okra Tomato Coriander Lettuce Spinach Peas Beans Beet root Carrot Turnip, radish Tobacco

Pre-basic
OT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OT 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.01

Basic
OC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05* 0.05* 0.0 0.1* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.5* 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.1* 0.1* 0.1* 0.1* 0.0 0.1* 0.0 0.1* 0.05 0.0 0.5* 0.0 0.0 0.1* 0.0 OW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5** 0.1** 0.0 0.05** 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5** 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1** 0.0 OT 0.10 0.20 0.10 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.10 1.00 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10

Certified
OC 0.05 0.02 0.1* 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.1* 0.1* 0.0 0.2* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 1.0* 0.01 0.01 0.0 0.5* 0.2* 0.5* 0.5* 0.0 0.5* 0.0 0.2* 0.1 0.0 1.0* 0.0 0.0 0.2* 0.0 OW 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.0** 0.5** 0.0 0.2** 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.0** 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2** 0.0

Note: OT= Off-types, OC= Other crops, OW= Objectionable weeds.

* Seed borne diseases, ** Virus & Mycoplasma diseases

Seed Standards (Pre-basic & Basic)

(G minimum%, all others maximum %)

Crop Barley, Oat

Paddy Wheat Maize-OP Pearl Millet Sorghum-OP Cotton Clover, Alfalfa Rape & mustard Sesame Sunflower Soybean Safflower Gram Mung, mash, moth Lentils Okra Onion Cabbages Cucurbits Eggplant Capsicum Tomato Coriander Lettuce Spinach Peas Beans Carrot Turnip, Radish Tobacco O.V 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.10 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 O.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pre-basic
1.M 0.50 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.50 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 2.00 0.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 0.10 0.50 O.W 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 G% 85 80 85 90 75 80 80, 75 85 85 75 85 85 80 75 75 75 70 70 75 65 70 70 70 65 75 70 75 75 65 70 80 O.V 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.5 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05

Basic
O.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.0 1 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.01 1.M 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 O.W 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.0 G% 85 80 85 90 75 80 80, 70 80 85 75 85 80 80 75 70 70 65 70 70 65 70 70 70 60 70 65 70 75 60 70 80

Note: OV=other varieties, OC=other crops, IM=inert matter, OW=objectionable weeds, G=germination.

Seed Standards (Certified & Truth-in-labeling)

7

(G minimum%, all others maximum %)

Crop Barley, Oat

Paddy Wheat Maize-OP Maize-H Pearl Millet-H Sorghum-OP Sorghum-H Cotton Clover, Alfalfa Rape & mustard Sesame Sunflower-H Sunflower-OP Soybean Safflower Gram Mung, mash, moth Lentils Okra Onion Cabbages Cucurbits Eggplant Capsicum Tomato Coriander Lettuce Spinach Peas Beans Carrot Turnip, Radish Radish-H Tobacco Flowers O.V 0.20 0.10 0.20 1.00 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.20 1.00 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.20 1.00 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.10 O.C 0.1 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.0 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.0 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.10 0.02

Certified
1.M 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 4.0 O.W 0.05 0.02 5/Kg 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.05 35/kg 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.01 0.0 0.10 0.10 0.0 0.20 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.10 0.05 G% 85 80 85 90 90 70 80 80 75/70 80 80 75 80 80 80 75 75 70 70 65 70 70 60 70 65 70 60 70 65 70 75 60 70 80 98.0 Pure 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 97.0 97.0 96.0 97.0 97.0 96.0 97.0 96.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 98.0 96.0 97.0 94.0 97.0 97.0 94.0 97.0 98.0

Truth-in-labeling
O.C 0.10 0.20 0.10 Nil Nil 0.1 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 Nil Nil 0.20 Nil 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 Nil Nil 1.M 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 O.W 0.05 0.05 0.05 Nil Nil Nil 0.05 0.05 0.10 Nil 0.01 0.01 Nil Nil 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Nil Nil 0.01 Nil 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Nil 0.01 G% 75 75 75 70 75 75 70 70 65 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 65 60 65 70 60 60 60 60 65 60 65 70 65 70 70 65

Note: OV=other varieties, OC=other crops, IM=inert matter, OW=objectionable weeds, G=germination.

Standards for Approved Category

8

(G minimum%, all others maximum %)

Crop
Barley Oats Maize Paddy Wheat Cotton Barseem Alfalfa, clover Millet Sorghum Sodan grass Castor Groundnut Linseed Rape, mustard Sesame Sunflower Soybean Safflower Gram Lentils Mung/Mash/Moth Onion Cabbages Cucurbits Okra Eggplant Pepper Tomato Coriander Lettuce Spinach Peas Cowpea, beans Beet root Carrot Turnip Radish Potato Tobacco Flowers Forest species Other crops

Field Standards
OT% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 OC% 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 OW% 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 OV% 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Seed Standards
OC% 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 IM% 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 OW/kg 5 10 0 10 15 0 0.05% 25 0 5 5 0 0 10 10 5 5 0 10 0 10 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 G% 85 85 90 80 85 70 80 80 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 75 80 80 75 75 70 70 70 70 60 65 70 65 70 60 70 65 70 75 65 60 70 70 80 70 70 70

Note: OV=other varieties, OC=other crops, IM=inert matter, OW=objectionable weeds, G=germination.

NORMS OF SEED SAMPLING

9

SPECIES Abelmoschus esculentus Allium cepa Arachis hypogea Brassica napus Brassica nigra Capsicum annum Carthamus tinctorius Cicer arietinum Citrullus lanatus Praecitrullus fistulosus Cucumis melo Coriandrum sativum Cucumis sativus Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita moschata Cucurbita pepo Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Daucus carota Glycine max Gossypium spp Lagenaria siceraria Helianthus annus Lactuca sativa Lens culinaris Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum Medicago sativa Momordica charantia Oryza sativa Pennisetum glaucum Pisum sativum Raphanus sativus Ricinus communis Sesamum orientale Solanum melongena Sorghum bicolor Spinacia oleracea Trifolium alexandrinum Triticum aestivum Vigna radiata Zea mays

CROP okra onion peanut rape mustard pepper safflower chickpea watermelon tinda muskmelon coriander cucumber Pumpkin Red gourd marrow Cluster bean carrot soybean cotton Bottle gourd sunflower lettuce lentil tomato lucerne Bitter gourd rice millet pea radish castor sesame eggplant sorghum spinach barseem wheat mung maize

Max: lot Submitte wt. MT d Sample. 20 1000g 10 80 20 1000 10 70 10 40 10 150 10 900 20 1000 20 1000 10 150 10 150 20 500 10 150 20 1000 10 350 20 1000 20 800 10 30 20 1000 20 1000 10 700 20 1000 10 700 10 600 10 15 10 10 25 10 20 10 20 10 10 10 10 10 25 20 40 50 700 400 150 1000 300 1000 70 150 900 250 60 1000 1000 1000

Working sample. 140g 8 1000 7 4 15 90 1000 250 70 70 50 70 700 180 700 80 3 500 350 70 200 70 6 7 5 70 40 15 900 30 500 7 15 90 25 6 120 120 1000 10

Isolation Requirements for Seed Crops

Name of crop

1. Wheat, Barley, Oats & Rice 2. Cotton 3. Maize (OP) 4. Barseem & Lucerne 5. Pearl Millet (self pollinated varieties) 6. Pearl Millet (cross pollinated varieties) 7. Sorghum (OP) 8. Groundnut & Soybean 9. Rape and Mustard 10. Sesame 11. Sunflower (OP) 12. Safflower 13. Gram, Lentils 14. Mung, Mash & Moth 15. Onion 16. Cabbages, Beet root, Carrot, Turnip, radish 17. Cucurbits 18. Eggplant, Pepper 19. Okra 20. Tomato 21. Coriander 22. Lettuce 23. Spinach 24. Peas and Beans 25. Potato 26. Tobacco

Pre-basic 10 m 50 m 400 m 400 m 10 m 400 m 300 m 10 m 400 m 50 m 800 m 400 m 20 m 5m 1600 m 1600 m 800 m 400 m 400 m 60 m 1000 m 50 m 400 m 30 m 10 m 400 m

Basic 10 m 50 m 400 m 200 m 10 m 400 m 300 m 10 m 400 m 50 m 800 m 400 m 20 m 5m 1600 m 1600 m 800 m 400 m 400 m 60 m 1000 m 50 m 400 m 30 m 10 m 400 m

Certified 3m 10 m 200 m 50 m 3m 200 m 200 m 10 m 200 m 25 m 800 m 200 m 10 m 3m 800 m 1000 m 400 m 200 m 250 m 10 m 500 m 25 m 300 m 20 m 5m 400 m

11

Working hints for seed certification

1. Please go through description of varieties at the start of each crop inspection season and verify variety before starting inspection of crop. 2. Verify source of seed sown from purchase voucher, certification tags and empty seed bags before inspection work. 3. Check cropping history for possibility of volunteer plants from last season crop. 4. Properly assess area under seed crop and must have access to all sides of the field for clear idea of the crop. 5. One fourth acre is practical unit of cultivation in Sindh; hence calculation of maximum number of permissible off-type or other crop plants for such unit will facilitate quick general evaluation. 6. Seeds of winter crops normally germinate at 20C and seeds of summer crops normally germinate at 25-30C. 7. Large and medium sized seeds best germinate between the papers (or towel sheets) whereas small seeds are best germinated on top of the paper. Disinfected sand can be used for germination test of all types of seeds. 8. Sun-drying of freshly ginned cotton seed is recommended to break temporary dormancy before germination test. 9. Regularly disinfect germination media and germination chamber, rotate sides of trays in germinator and ensure proper moisture & humidity level to get accurate results in germination test. 10.Endorse Traces only in case no seed of other variety, other species or objectionable weed is found in working sample but observed in submitted sample. Give actual percentage of weight if above mentioned type of seeds are found in working sample. Use average weight of seed if weighing balance is not precise. 11.Insect damaged and broken seeds of more than half of original size are part of pure seed and seed lots may not be rejected if germination is up to standard. 12.If seed samples are found contaminated with predominantly seed borne diseases, appropriate seed treatment may be recommended. 13. Accuracy of seed testing report depends upon accuracy of drawing submitted sample and preparing working sample.

12

Comparative Characters of Wheat Varieties of Sindh

Character 1. Plant Height 2. Leaf color 3. Stem wax 4. F. leaf wax 5. Ear wax 6.Auride pigments 7. F. leaf attitude 8.F.leaf twist 9. F. leaf width 10. Ear color(m) 11. Ear shape 12. Ear density 13. Ear pubescence 14. Kink 15. Glume length 16. Shoulder 17. Beak length 18. Beak spicules 19. Seed size 20. Seed shape 21.Brush 22. Germ size 23. Seed color 24. Seedling color 25. Seedling pigments TJ83 85cm green medium medium weak absent semierect weak 1.3cm white tapering lax absent medium long narrow long present 6.9x2.9 x2.1mm ovate medium medium amber green absent Kiran -95 105110 green medium high weak absent semierect weak 2.2 Light red tapering lax absent medium long elevated short present 7x3x2.5 ovate medium medium curved Amber red green absent Marvi -2000 85 dark green medium high medium absent semierect medium 2.7 light red tapering medium dense present weak long narrow short present 8x4x3 ovate short large amber dark green absent Mehran -89 100 dark green medium medium high weak erect absent 1.5 white tapering medium dense absent weak medium indented medium present 6.2x3.0 x2.6 ovate medium medium amber red dark green absent Anmol -91 100105 dark green weak medium medium weak horizontal weak 1.3 light red parallel medium dense absent absent medium medium medium present 6x3x3 ovate medium medium amber dark green absent
Abadgar -93

108 dark green medium medium medium weak erect absent 1.4 yellow white parallel medium dense absent absent long medium medium present 8x4.5x3 ovate medium medium amber dark green absent

Momal -2002 100 green medium weak absent absent erect weak 1.1 offwhite parallel medium dense absent absent long narrow long absent 8x3.5x3 ovate medium medium amber green absent

Sarsabz 100105 green medium medium medium absent recurved absent 2.0 white tapering lax absent weak medium medium short present 6x3x2.3 ovate medium medium amber green absent

13

Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties

(A-1) Character Plant height Growth habit Flowering type Monopodia, no. attitude Sympodia, no. attitude Sympodia length Nodes/ sympodia Stem tip hair Stem pigments Stem color Foliage density Leaf type Leaf color Leaf size-cm Leaf attitude Leaf nectries Leaf pubescence Petiole length Flower size Petal color Pollen color Petal spot Flower nectries Stamen density Stigma exertion Calyx size Bracteole type Bracteole length Bracteole width B. teeth number B. teeth type Peduncle length Boll shape Boll size Beak size NIAB-78 100-120 spreading single 0-2 s-erect 18-24 spreading long CIM-473 115 compact single 0-4 s-erect 26 s-erect medium profuse medium red-green medium normal green medium medium normal L-green 14x17 s-erect present profuse 12.4 cm medium cream cream absent present s-dense 2.6 mm medium normal 4.2 cm 2.4 cm FH-900 80-130 c-med single 1-2 s-erect 16-17 s-erect FH-901 FH-1000 80-120 95cm spreading medium single single 2 3.2 s-erect s-erect 22 20 horizontal s-erect short medium weak dense normal L-green 13.1x15.3 horizontal present sparse 9.7 cm medium cream cream absent present s-dense 3.2 mm medium normal medium medium medium weak medium normal green 12.8x15. 7 s-erect present medium 12.7 medium cream cream absent present s-dense 4.0mm medium normal medium CRIS-134 105 cm medium single 0-1 16-18 medium medium medium medium normal d-green 11x14

medium weak medium normal green 12x14.5 horizonpresent sparse 10.2 cm medium cream cream absent present s-dense 3.2 mm medium normal medium wide

present medium medium cream cream absent present 3-5 mm medium normal medium 6-7

medium cream cream absent present s-dense 3.6 mm medium normal medium

r-oval medium short

1.46 cm round large short

2.5 cm r-oval medium short

2.25 cm r-oval medium short

round large

round medium short

14

Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties

(A-2) Character Beak spike Boll length Boll width Boll surface Boll gossypol Boll opening Seed size Seed length Seed width Seed fuzz Fuzz color NIAB-78 medium 4.3 cm 3.1 cm smooth normal good medium 8-10 4-5 mm fuzzy dusky, gr-tinge Fiber color white Staple length 27 mm GOT 36-37 Seed index 75-85 g Bolls/plant 40 Boll weight 3-3.5 g Maturity medium CLCV resistance absent Seedling Characters Height,14 days Leaf spot Color Anthocyanin Cot; leaf size 1st true leaf size Gossypol CIM-473 3.7 cm 3.2 cm smooth normal good medium 7.6 mm 4.1 mm n-sf-fuzzy dusky white 29.1 mm 40.4 83.5 g 4.46 g short present FH-900 FH-901 4.0 cm 3.5 cm smooth normal good medium 9 mm 5 mm fuzzy white gr-tinge white 28.6 38.4 85 g 28 4.1 g medium present 4.0 cm 3.4 cm smooth normal good medium 10 mm 5 mm Sf-fuzzy white white 28 mm 38.0 80 g 33 4.2 g medium present FH-1000 CRIS-134 4.5 cm 3.6 cm smooth normal good medium 9 mm 5.2 mm s-fuzzy d-white sh-white 3.8 cm 3.1 cm smooth normal good medium 9-10 mm 5-6 mm d-fuzzy dusky white 27.5-28 34.5 86-90 g 45-55 2.9 g medium absent

61

present L-green

present green

present green

15

Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties

(B-1) Character Plant height Growth habit Flowering type Monopodia, no. attitude Sympodia, no. attitude Sympodia length Nodes/ sympodia Stem tip hair Stem pigments Stem color Foliage density Leaf color Leaf type Leaf size-cm Leaf attitude Leaf nectries Leaf pubescence Petiole length Flower size Petal color Petal spot Pollen color Flower nectries Stamen density Stigma exertion Calyx size Bracteole type Bracteole length Bracteole width B. teeth number B. teeth type CRIS-9 Shahee n 150 cm Shahbaz95 120-125 cm spreading single 1-2 15-18 semi-erect Reshmi 117 cm spreading single Chandi95 110 cm medium single 1-2 18-20 S. erect medium short Sohni 79 cm medium single 1-2 16-18

120 cm spreading single single 1-2 1-2 S-spread 18 19 S-spread

medium medium medium green normal 14.5x18 s-erect present medium 17.5 cm medium cream absent cream present s-dense 8.0 mm medium normal medium

medium medium medium green normal 10.5x12

sparse

medium weak medium green normal 10x11

profuse medium medium green normal 10x11.5

L-green normal

D. green S. okra 12.1x12. 4

medium

present medium medium cream absent cream present s-dense 1.2 mm medium normal 4.1 cm 9-10 medium

sparse large cream absent cream present 3-5 mm normal 3.4 cm 9-10

present medium medium cream absent cream present s-dense 2-3 mm medium normal medium

present profuse medium cream absent cream present s-dense 0-1 medium normal medium

absent cream present 1.7-2.5 normal

16

Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties

(B-2) Character Peduncle length Boll shape Boll size Boll length-cm Boll width-cm Beak size Beak spike Boll surface Boll gossypol Boll opening Seed size Seed length-mm Seed width-mm Seed fuzz Seed coat color Fuzz color Fiber color Staple length GOT % Fiber fineness Seed index-gm Bolls/plant Boll weight-gm Maturity CLCV resistance Seedling Characters Height,14 days Leaf spot Color Anthocyanin Cot; leaf size 1st true leaf size Gossypol CRIS-9 1.3 cm round medium 3.3 2.7 short smooth normal good medium 8.0 5.0 fuzzy d-brown dusky white 26.1 34.6 3.7 20 2.6 medium absent Shaheen Shahbaz-95 Reshmi 4.0 cm conical large 4.6 3.5 Chandi-95 Sohni round-oval medium 3.8 3.2 medium smooth normal good medium 7-9 4-5 fuzzy brown white white 30 mm 35 4.0 30-40 4.2 medium absent round medium 3.5 3.0 short smooth normal good medium 9.5-10 5.0 fuzzy brown dusky white 26.5 38 4.5 70 100 3.36 short absent

Conical-b round medium short smooth normal good medium fuzzy greenish white 27.4 mm 35.1 4.3 80-85 39 3-4 medium absent smooth normal good medium fuzzy brown Dusky white white 27.5 mm 33-33.5 4-4.2 micron 80-85 25-30 3.5 medium absent

normal good bold 8-11 4-6 fuzzy white 31.5 35.2 4.0 100110 5-6 late absent

Light green

green

17

Comparative Characteristics of Shua-92 (IR8-5), IRRI-8, IRRI-6, Shadab (IR6-18) and Sarshar (IR8-151). Agronomic characters 1. Leaves 2. Plant height (cm) 3. Lodging 4. Optimum fertilizer, NPK 5. Stem borer resistance 6. Kernel smut resistance 7. Brown spot resistance 7. Days to flowering 8. Days to maturity 9. Productive tillers 10. Grains/ panicle 11. Yield (kg/ ha) 12. Yield (mds/acre) Paddy seed characters: 1. Length (mm) 2. Width (mm) 3. Thickness (mm) 4. L/B ratio 5. 1000 grain weight (g) Rice grain characters: 1. Length (mm) 2. Width (mm) 3. Thickness (mm) 4. L/B ratio 5. 1000 grain weight (g) 6. Size 7. Shape Chemical composition: Amylose content Chalkiness % Protein % Ca (mg/ 100g) P (mg/ 100g) Fe (mg/ 100g) Na (mg/ 100g) K (mg/ 100g) Cooking characters: 1. Gel consistency (mm) Shua-92 upright 100 resistant 140-70-0 resistant resistant 122 148 18 168 10239 77 9.54 2.13 2.20 4.47 24.5 7.09 2.05 1.73 3.46 18.97 long slender high 1.85 7.76 28.33 229 3.05 11.29 99 medium IRRI-8 upright 99 resistant 140-70-0 IRRI-6 upright 103 resistant 140-70-0 Shadab upright, curved at tip 100 resistant 140-70-0 Sarshar upright 99.75 resistant 140-70-0 resistant resistant 150 20 156 83 9.64 2.57 1.93 3.57 28.8 7.11 2.16 1.74 3.29 21.00 long slender high 1.85 7.22

susceptible susceptible resistant resistant resistant resistant resistant resistant 118 121 120 147 150 148 14 19 21 138 156 164 8918 9258 7588 72 73 8.97 3.13 2.09 2.86 29.0 6.77 2.61 1.83 2.59 22.1 long medium high 45.81 7.62 25.18 210 2.46 11.19 112 medium 9.90 2.07 2.00 4.80 26.5 6.91 2.09 1.71 3.30 19.75 long slender high 7.87 8.49 33.86 245 3.50 14.11 147 medium 10.19 2.39 1.94 4.30 24.1 7.52 1.84 1.66 4.08 18.48 extra long slender high 9.56

medium

medium

18

Suggestions for Quality Cotton Seed Production 1. Use high-vigor and high-purity source seed for seed multiplication to get good quality crop and good seed maturity. 2. Plant population in seed crop may be kept 20% less than recommended for the specific variety to allow proper growth, aeration and rouging. 3. Nitrogen fertilizer may be applied 20% less than recommended dose, phosphorus fertilizer as per recommendation and potassium fertilizer 20% more than recommended dose in seed crop for better seed development. 4. Water stress may be avoided after boll formation to facilitate normal seed maturity. 5. Rouging of off-types may be done as soon as flowering is initiated to curtail pollination of other plants by insects. 6. First 2-3 bolls opened at the base of the plants may be picked separately and may not be used for seed production. Similarly the end picking may also not be used for seed production. 7. Proper pest control measures, especially against pink boll worm, are necessary for quality seed production. 8. Picking may not be delayed when sufficient bolls have opened in the field. Delay may result in seed deterioration. 9. Picking may not be started early in the morning so as dew is evaporated before start of picking operation. 10.Picked seed cotton may be properly dried before regular storage and preferably be stored under shade to avoid dew fall. 11.Seed cotton may not be pressed during storage. 12.Ginning of seed cotton may be arranged as early as possible. After ginning seed may be dried properly to bring seed moisture in the range of 6-8% and then stored in cool aerated store. 13.Proper stacking of seed bags and use of pallets may be ensured so as each seed bag is aerated, to avoid chance of seed heating. 14.During uncertain weather silica gel can be used to keep stores dry. 15. Fuzzy cotton seed may be graded before final bagging to separate immature seeds.

19

16.Cotton seed delinted with sulphuric acid must be neutralized with proper alkali and immediately dried to safe limit. 17.Delinted seed can be graded using gravity table to separate low weight seeds.

Our Publications
1. Guidelines for Quality Seed Production and Certification in Sindh. 2. Full Text Descriptions of All Crop Varieties Approved for Cultivation in Sindh. 3. Guidelines for Early Generation True-to-type Seed Production. 4. Guidelines for Seed Business under WTO-Regime. 5. WTO-Farm Policies: New Risks, New Challenges (Urdu). 6. WTO-Farm Policies and Our Options at State and Farm Level (Urdu). 7. Updated Taxonomic Directory: Economic Plants of South Asia (Magnoliophyta). All entries reviewed according to Current International Taxonomic System. 8. Under-utilized Genetic Resources of Sindh: Famine Foods, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Varieties. 9. In Situ Conservation of Biodiversity and Farmers Participatory Breeding Programs. 10. Crop Variety Descriptors for Cereal Crops: Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Barley, Oat, Corn, Rice, Sorghum, Millets, Triticale etc. 11. Crop Variety Descriptors for Industrial Crops: Sugarcane, Sugar beet, Cotton, Tobacco, Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, Cola, Rubber, Jute, Guar, Castor and others. 12.Crop Variety Descriptors for Vegetable and Melon Crops. 13. Crop Variety Descriptors for Fodder Crops: Grasses, Crucifers, Legumes, Fodder beet and others. 14. Crop Variety Descriptors for Oilseed Crops: Crucifers, Sunflower, Soybean, Sesame, Safflower, Groundnut, Flax, Oil palm, Coconut etc. 15. Crop Variety Descriptors for Grain Legume Crops (Pulses): Gram, Mung, Mash, Moth, Lens, Pigeon pea, Matri and others. 16. Crop Variety Descriptors for Fruit Plants: Mango, Citrus, Banana, Guava, Jujube, Litchi, Chiku, Plums and others. 17. Crop Variety Descriptors for Spices Crops: Turmeric, Ginger, Cumin, Fennel, Betel leaf, Betel nut, Kalonji and others. 18.Crop Variety Descriptors for Ornamental and Aromatic Plants. 19.Crop Variety Descriptors for Medicinal Plants.
20

20.Protection of Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge Act (Proposed). 21. Ornamental Plants of South Asia (Magnoliophyta). All entries reviewed according to Current International Taxonomic System.

21