Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF THE
ITALIAN ARMY
SEPTEMBER 1942
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE
WASHINGTON D.C.
PAGE NO.
FOREWORD
1. DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES BY AREAS 1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
ITALy.................................................................... 1
NORTH AFRICA 3
EAST AFRICA 6
YUGOSLAVIA ........................... . 6
ALBANIA & MONTENEGRO 7
GREECE AND ISLANDS 8
RUSSIA : 10
DODECANESE 11
2. SUMMARIZED ORDER OF BATTLE
(A) HIGH COMMAND
Italy '. _. . . . . . . . .. 1
North Africa : _ 3
Yugoslavia... .. . 6
Albania and Montenegro _..... ....... 7
Greece and Islands................................................. 8
Russia................................................................. 10
(B) ARMY GROUPS
Italy 1
North Africa........................................................... 3
Yugoslavia
Albania and Montenegro
Greece and Islands
Russia
(C) ARMIES
Italy
Nor th. Africa
yugoslavia
Albania and Montenegro
Greece and Islands
Russia
(D) CORPS
Italy
North Africa
6
7
8
10
1
3
6
7
8
10
2
4
yugoslavia ........................................................... 6
Albania and Montenegro ,............ 8
Greece and Islands _ 9
Russia 10
(E) DIVISIONS
Italy.;...................................... 2
North Africa. 5
yugoslavia I'l'\' :... 7
Albania and ..
Greece and Islands .. ; .. . >
8
_." 9
i
12
PAGE NO.
Russia 10
- Dodecanese. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 11
3. DETAILED ORDER OF BATTLE 13
(A) DIVISIONS 13,14,15,16,17,18
(B) REGIMENTS ; 13,14,15,16,17,18
4. AREAS IN ITALY -- HOME STATIONS 17
(A) ARMIES 19,20,21,22
(B) CORPS '," 19,20,21,22
(C) DIVISIONS 19,20,21,22
(D) REGIMENTS............................................... 19,20,21,22
ii
1. Order of Battle information is Vii a he tlitary Intelligence Serree.
This information received from many agencies scattered aU over the world,is
carefully, pieced together in the Order of Battle section, Military Intelligence Ser
vice, in order to present to the combat commands of the United Nations the best
possible estimates of the enemy situation. The decisions which involve the lives
of thousands of American soldiers are based at least partially on Order of Battle
intelligence.
2. Order of Battle information. is classified under two headings:
"Order of Battle - Strength."
"Order of Battle - Location."
3. "Order of Battle - Strength" is 'a careful tabulation of all of the' units
in the Axis Armies, and of those organizations of the other services, the Navy,
and the Air Force, which operate with the field armies. An analysis of this in
formation reveals:
Organization of enemy units.
Composition of enemyunits.
Detailed identification of enemy unit3.
Principles of employment (composition of taskforres)
Total strength of Axis armies.
Strength of various arms of Axis armies.
Changes in tactical or strategical procedure as evidenced
by changes in organization.
4. From the Harder of Battle - Strength" records, the intelligence
officer's handbook, "The Order of Battle oithe German (Italian, Japanese, Hun
garian, Rumanian; etc.,) Army," is published. This text enables the unit intelli
gence officers, in combat to identify the enemy forces with whom they are engag
ed. Another text, "The German {Italian, etc.) Forces in the Field," also com
piled from Order of Battle information, will provide all of the known organization
history, the names' and qualifications of the commanders and staff officers, the
composition, the insignia, and any known combat characteristics of the enemy
units.
5. "Order of Battle - Location'" gives the disposition of Axis units, and
includes all information as to actual unit locations, movements, concentration.
areas, and changes in organization, equipment, and armament. A study of the
dispositions, the terrain, and fortificatipn activity, combined with a knowledge of
enemy tactical and strategical procedure, will enable intelligence officers to as
sign priorities to enemy capabilities.
6. The mission of the,
'i\
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a. To provide a may be mada
. :t. To. make all informa
hon that WIll aSSIst them to perform thelr-dutles effIcIently.
iii
't/.
o
1tlm' . of Battle information:
. e ltS.
b.. Names and qualifications of enemy commanders and staff offiCErs:
Promotion lists published in papers "are a good source.
c. Dispositions (locations of enemy units).
d. Move"ments. -
e. Concentration areas.
f. Types of units: 'The location of panzer or tank units, mountain
units, artillery concentrations, and other arms of offense is especially imporiant
g. Insignia: This includes personal insignia, unit insignia,
tions, and the like. Sketches showing dimensions and colorS are very helpful.
h. Military symbols and abbreviations: These are necessary in or&r
that captured maps and documents may be translated.
,1. Captured maps, documents and other written material.
j. Maps of all kinds, especially new ones.
k. Lines of communications (changes in railways, canal systems,Etc.)
1. All information on mObilization: Case history of individuals, es
pecially when they are typical, is of great assistance. Observe the promotion
rates for senior commanders for indications of an expansion.
m. Armament: Watch for new weapons, or modificatiol13 of standard
weapons.
n. Organization of enemy (especially for particular operations).
o. Casualties.
p. Auxiliary units (labor units, truck-driver or labor-service forma
tions, etc., which operate under military jurisdiction).
q. Terrain.
r. Climate and weather.
s. Uniforms (particularly changes).
t. Types of personnel (with particular attention to specialists).
u. Special kinds of training.
Vi Changes in equipment:' For example, a new canister for gas maEks.
w. Boundaries of zones of action, or sectors.
x. Interest of Axis sources in special maps or special kinds of maps
(indications of suchotnterest are likely to occur in neutral countries).
y. Any special P,xis staff activity.
S. The information outlined in paragraph 7 applies to air and naval units
as well as to land organizations, especially those units which operate with the
field armies.
9. Order of Battle information should be transmitted to the Military In
telligence Service as quickly as possi , arrives too late, it belongs to
still another classification, Historical."
10 ositions, identifications, move
ments' ';. ard a radical change in enemy procedure
should . d. Detailed, information of ,all kinds, such as name s of
staff officEjrs,;,in.'ew insignia, description of fortifications, and lists of military
iv
abbreviations b mail. im
portant,a summary of detaiie the of ,mail
ing.
11. A suggested method for handling Order of Battle information follows:.
, .
a. P"fter having received it,write it in a report as quickly as possitle
. ar.d then study the informati 1 to see whether a cable is required.
b. After a cable is drafted,' have apother officer read it to see if it
accurately reports the important information covered in the report.
c. If time is available, a written report should be submitted. &eiches,
maps, or overlays are very useful supplements to the written report.
12. Where the means are available, the location of enemy units should be
posted by means of pins on mounted maps. This procedure aSsists greatly in
evaluating Order of Battle reports at the iriformation-collecting agency.
13.Well-kept records of the data submitted by the various sources of in
formation will enable the intelligence agenc.ies to evaluate the reliability of the
sources. This is iIIlportant be.cause sOTIie of the Axis powers. intentionally plant
falseinformaUon (s9metimes mixed with known reliable information) for our in
telligence agencies to report. '
14. The minute details are important. Some Of these may have consider
able significance when compared with information from other sources.
15. Officers and agencies evaluate the Order of Battle information
they receive and indicate their opinion of its reliability. The Order of Battle
Section may not have any other means of evaluating the report.
16. Where practical, the source of the Order of Battle information should
be indicated. If it is not desirable to mention names or sources in cables or re
ports,a list of code names to represent them can be transmUted to the Military
Intelligence SerVice by secret letter. '
17. As far as possible, exploit sources which are not available or known
to represeIltatives and agencies of the other United Nations.
18. Personalities are important. For example, the appearance at Gibral
tar of Oberst (Colonel) Mikosch, the German Commander who captured Fort
Eben Emael and who later broke the Maginot Line near Saarbrucken, may be
extremely significant.
. 19. All Order of Battle inforrnation is normally classified confidential,
. unless for some special reason a particular message or report should be class
ified secret.
v
.. 1;1 Order of Battle information, money is often
Cultivate a banker friend and watch all
_ requently bonds, stocks, and checks will not vary' in value, b.utcash or:
currency wilL For example,during the first week lIl.Decembe:r 1941, in Berlin,
the rate of exchange was 2.49 RM per dollar. This held true for valu
able paper, but the cashdollar dropped suddenly several days before Pearl Har
bor to 1.90 RM per dollar. Unexplainable variations in the value of money should
be cabled at once.
21. In exchanging Order of Battle information with sources,be careful
not to receive the same information later from other parties and accept it as
confirmation of your own information.
22. The following mistakes or inaccuracies have often nullified the
value of Order of Battle information in the past:
a. Use of foreign language initials or apbreviations which were not
familiar to persormel in MIS. Give the equivalent in English, usingU.S. mili
tary terminology wherever possible.
. b. use of .oDsolete or improper geographical place names. Whm
appropriate, identify the map used. Whe'n one place has a name in
give both. A small place may be located with reference tO'a larger well-known
place. Many places have the same name. For example, there are several
towns named Chalons, France, andtherc' are several Frankfurts in Germany.
c. Information of movements has been sent by mail whenibshould
have been cabled. Many European reports reach Washington a month after they
are written. The concentration for the Balkan Campaign took place in about
two or three weeks.
d. Incorrect designations have been given to units. 119th Inf. means
nothing. When in send foreign language designation of unit with your own
translation. Sometimes State Department personnel paraphrase the unit desig
nation, and much time and effort is lost in rechecking. Send Order of Battle in
formation by military codes as far as possible.
e. Order of Battle information has bE::tn included in other reports.
and incorrectly filed or lost ina a mass of other minutia. Order of Battle
should be submitted in reports with that title and given appropI'iate.IG file
bers 6905 or 6910. Where information pertinent to Order of Battle is submitted
in report form under other subjects anq. filed under other guide nurd:> ers, ref
erence to it should be' made in the next .Order of Battle report.
f. The meaning in cabled dispatches was not clear.
g. The date of the Order of Battle information was not stated.
Answer as much of the "Who, what, when, w " and "where" as possible.
"What, 'when, " "where" are e,
h. Transpos e 196th Division in Norway
has been reported ,si,on.Thiscaused some con
cern since
/,.,'
'
22. tiM' dpnment of.:oldunits, or the con
version of one Unit into anothgf esign.atioIl,is important because it
affects the strength estimates. For exam e: Recent information indicates that
,the German 1st Cavalry Division was converted into the German 24th Panzer Di-
I /Vision.
/
*
* * *
.*
*
This is the first edition of the Order of Battle of the Italian Army,
and lssl;led by the Military Intelligence Se.rvice.
The volume is so boUIid as to facilitate placing in a loose-leaf binder.
I Revision sheets will be prepared and issued as additional informatlon becomes
availlable.
"".:&
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1. ", -frm'
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(A) Italy
(1) High Command:
Location Date C. in Chief
Frascati July 2, 1942 Marshal Cavallero
(near Rome)
(2) Army Groups:
Name Location Date Composition
Central,
Southern,
and Islands
of Sardinia,
and Sicily.
Group of the
East.
Group of the
Remarks
Marshal Cavallero is also
Chief of Supreme G.S.
Commander Remarks
Prince of
Piedmont.
Commander Remarks
The divisions
are tactically
under other
corps.
Commander Remarks
II Corps in'
Yugoslavia.
. Scala
All corps
abroad.
Gen. (Duke of
Bergamo).'
West.
Name
Superior
Alpine
No.
ill
N
vn
(3) Superior Commands:
Location
'T'rento
(4) Armies:
Home Station
Verona
Rome or
N ..,
\i"\ t
(
Naples Aug. 8,
1942.,
Date
Aug1Jst 7,
1942.
Date
7 divisions,
only one in
Italy at pres
ent.
Composition
XII Corps
Sicily
1
I
XIII Corps-
Sardinia.
XV Corps
Genoa.
TOTAL -- 4 Armies
(5) Corps
No. Location Date Composition
I Turin May 7,
1940.
XII Sicily,
Palermo.
July 15, 54 - Napoli,
1941. May 4, 1942.
XLII Sardinia,
Cagliari.
July 15, 30 ... Sabauda,
1941. 31 - Calabria.
XV Genoa May 7,
1940.
XXXI Catanzara April 28, 211 and 212
1942.
TOTAL -- 5 Corps.
(6) Divisions:
No. and
Location Date
Name
AH.MORED
134 Freccia
Rome April 17.1 1942.
131 Centauro Udine Oct., 1941.
ALPINE Cuneo Aug. 7, 1942,.
4 Cuneense
MO'l'ORIZED
10 Piave Genoa Aug. 7, 1942.
PARACHUTE
/0
45 Spezia Pisa
! j i,!
INFANTRY
),1'7"',//-'\
7 Lupi di
-"A:ugf'-7}
Toscana (Calabria
12 Sassari Italy Nov. 12, 1941.
. 25 Volturna
Italy
Commander
Commander
Remarks
All divisions
abroad.
All
abroad.
Remarks
Bis - ,It is believed
that two of these
exist.
2
(Continued)
No. and
Name
28 Aosta
30 Sabauda
31 Calabria
32 Marche
44 Cremona
46 Udine
A7 Bari
54 Napoli
57 Lombardia
58 Legnano
104 Mantova
105 Rovigo
151 Perugia
154 Murge
156 Vicenza
Piaceriza
157 Novaro
159 Veneto
COASTAL
211
212
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Sicily
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Italy
Fossano
Fossano
Fossano
CataI!Zara
Catanzara
Dec. 20, 1941.
Dec. 20, 1941.
Dec. 20, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941.
Dec. 20, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941.
May 4, 1942.
Nov. 1, 1941.
Dec. 20, 1941.
Aug. 7, 1942.
June 10, 1942.
Dec. 20, 1941.
April 11, 1942._
June 10, 1942.
Aug. 1, 1942.
June 10, 1942.
June 10, 1942.
April 28, 1942.
April 28, 1942.
TOTAL -- 28,Divisions.
(B) North Africa
(1) High Command:
Location Date C.. in Chief
Toera - April 27, 1942. Gen. Bastico
North of Gen. Barbasetti
Bengazi Chief of Staff.
(2) Army Groups - Unknown:
Remarks
On French -frontier
Remarks
Gen. Maceratina and
Cerutti also ill Libyan
Theater.
(3) Armies:
No. Location Date Composition Commander Remarks
,r>
Apr. 23/42
Gen. S.
rileiso
3
V
x Apr. 27,
1942.
TOTAL -- 5 Corps
Note: In ,''.'.' o.... .. '.' ;.0 . . _:., a .. .. ......... ... )iS., .. ; '.; a.. ' .. ..':' .. . ..,:;n''.' . ... :',,, : ,tJiV ,j.p,.iy.: ''., .. e.,'.. .. ,:lJ.o.. :v,., ,:e.",- ..Corps there are 9 more
J; f.' . 'I !GI
d., .' J"/,,,,!iU ""!.j:]:;,\) , 'ljc+C;JJ:/1
TOTAL - - 2 Armies.
(4)- Corps:
No. Location
X Gadd e1
Almur
xx E1 Adem
XXI North
Africa
XXII North
Africa
xxm North
Africa
Motor- North
ized ,Africa.
Corps
Armored North
Corps Africa
Libyan North
Corps Africa
Date
April 27,
1942.
April 27,
1942.
Aug. 22,
1940.
Aug. 22,
1940.
Aug. 31,
1942.
Aug. 31,
1942.
\
Aug. '22,
1940.
Commander
Gen. Guido
Composition
25 Bo16gna
27 Brescia
55 Savona
Aug., 1942.
17 Pavia
60 Sabrata
61 Sirte (1)
62 Marmarica(l)
63 Cirene (1)
3 B.S. Div (1)
4 B.S. Div. (1)
1st B.S. Di1J. (1)
2nd B.S. Div. (1)
101 Trento
102 Trieste
132 Ariete
133 Littorio
1st Libyan Div. Gen. Spattaco Status unknown.
2nd Libyan Div.
(Aug. 22,
1940}.
Commander
Gen. Nicco1osi,
Aug. 22, 1940.
Gen. Cone,
Aug. 22, 1940.
. (1) Destroyed.
(1) Destroyed.
Remarks
(1) XX Corps was
at El Adem. April.
27, 1942.
Remarks
(1) Destroyed
being recon
structed, Apr.
1, 1942.
(1) Destroyed
being recon
stituted April
1. 1942.
4
ARMORED
132 Ariete, Cyrenaica.
133 Littorio' Cyrenaica
MOTORIZED
101 Trieste Cyrenaica
102 Trento 4 Cyrenaica
17 Pavia Cyrenaica
25 Bologna Cyrenaica
16Pistoia
".
Cyrenaica
PARACfIUTE
Folgore Cyrenaica
INFANTJtY-f
1 Superga Cyrenaica
4Llvorna North Africa
llBrennero North Afrlca
_20 Friuli North Africa
26 Assieta North Africa
27 Brescia. North Africa
55 Savona North Africa
60 Sabrata. North Africa
61 Sirte (1) North Africa
62 Marmarica Africa
(1)
63 Cirene "'-- North Africa
64 Catanzata ,North Africa
(2)
NATIVE
1 Libyan (3) North Africa
2 Libyan (3) North Africa
JEIED Commander
August 30,
August 30, 1942.
August 30, 1942.
August 30,1942.
August 30, J942.
August 30, 1942.
August 24, 1942.
August 31, 1942.
August 7, 1942.
August 7,1942.
August 26, 1942.
August 7, 1942.
August 7, 1942.
May 30, 1942.
June 4,1942. Gen. Levi
Aug 22/40
Aug. 25, 1942. Gen. Zaglio
o. Aug22/40
Nov. 12, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941.
Nov. 12, 1941. Gen. Spattoco
Aug. 22/40.
n. Spattoco
ug. 22/40.
Remarks
(1) Being recon
stituted.
(1) Being recon
stituted.
(1) Being recon
stituted.
(2) Reconstituted.
(3) status unknown.
(3) Status unknown.
5
in 1941.
(D) .Yugoslavia.
(1) High Command:
Location Date C. in Chief Remarks
Susak, April 22, 1942. General Roatta
Croatia.
(2) Army Groups:
Name Location Date Composition Commander Remarks
Group of the April 22, TIArmy Roatta
East. 1942. VI Army
(3) Armies:
No. Location Date Composition Commander Remarks
TI Susak April 22, Dalmatian Corps Gen. Delmazzo
1942. XXI Croatia April 22, 1942.
Lubiana
VI Dubrovnik April 12, Gen. Rosi,
1942. May 21, 1942.
IX Serbia Aug. 27, Gen. Pirzio Part of this is
1942. Biroli. Montenegro.
TOTAL -- 3 Armies.
(4) Corns:
No. Location Date Composition Commander Remarks
TI April 22, 1942.
{:M
Dalmatian
XI Croatia
Lubiana
TOTAL -- 3 Corps.
6
(5) WiLA
IFiED
No. and
Location Date Commanrl.er Remarks
Name
ALPINE
1 Taurineense Yugoslavia April 28, 1942.
CELERE
1 Eugenio di Yugoslavia May 17, 1942.
Savoia
INFANTRY
13 Re Yugoslavia Dec. 20, 1941.
14Isonzo Yugoslavia Dec. 20, 1941.
15 Bergamo Yugoslavia June 4, 1942.
19 Venezia Yugoslavia May 4,1942.
21 Granatieri Yugoslavia Dec. 12, 1941.
di Sardegna
23 Ferraro Yugoslavia Aug. 7, 1942.
153 Macerata Yugoslavia Aug. 7, 1942.
155 Imilia Yugoslavia June 10, 1942.
TOTAL -- 10 Divisions.
Note: In addition there are 2 Black Shirt Bns. and 1 Carabinieri Bn. -
April 22, 1942.
(E) Albania & Montenegro
(1) High Command:
Location Date C. in Chief Remarks
Montenegro August 27, 1941. Gen. Pirzio-Biroli
(2) Army Groups:
Name Location Date Composition Commander Remarks
Group of
East
Augusl. 27,
1941.
IX Army Gen. Pirzio
Biroli.
(3) Armies:
No. Commander Remarks
IX Monten Gen. Pirzio-Biro
(Aug. 27, 1941)
li
7
No. sition Command Remarks
IV Albania Gen. Mercalli
XVII Albania
(5) Divisions:
No. and
Location Date Commander Remarks
Name
ALPINE
5 Pusteria Montenegro July 15, 1941
6 Reserve Montenegro May 16, 1942.
INFANTRY
18 Messina Albania May 16, 1942.
38 Puglie Albania Dec. 20, 1941
41 Firenze Montenegro Dec. 20, 1941.
4-9 Parma Albania Dec. 20, 1941. Gen. Grattarolo
. (Aug. 22,1940).
53 Arezzo Koritza, May 4, 1942.
Albania.
TOTAL .. - 7 Divisions.
(F) Greece and Islands
(1) High Command:
Location Date C. in Chief Remarks
Larissa July 27, 1942. Gen. Geloso Gen. Bocai, C. of Carabinieri
(Aug. 3/41). Athens, March 30, 1942.
(2) Army Groups:
Name Location Date Composition Commander Remarks
Group of Peloponnesus M#qh 30,
the East. (Kiato) Ui9:42i
(3) Armies:
No. Location Date ComRosition Commander Remarks
XI Larissa July 27, vm Corps Gen. Geloso
1942. XIV Corps (July 15, 1941)
8
No. Location Date Composition
ill Athens July 10/42.
V Peloponnesus July 10/42.
VI Greece July 10/42.
VII Cyclades July 10/42.
vm Volos July 29/42.
IX Jamna July 19/42.
XIV Janina