Jl.

Tukad Batanghari VIII/7A – Denpasar – Bali – Indonesia

Jl
Tel: (62) 361 7910518 Fax: (62) 361 7910518

HVAC Systems

Drs. Agustinus Agus Purwanto, MM

Thermal Comfort

z Balancing heat produced by one’s body with

surrounding
di environment.
i t
z Body heat lost by convection, radiation, and
evaporation
ti
Factors that influence comfort

z indoor temperature
z humidity
z air movement
z room surface temperatures
z overall air quality
Comfort zone

z Insert comfort zone chart

Heat sources

z Electricity– Used in all electric heaters. Requires no

flue Usually most expensive
flue. expensive.
z Natural gas – Clean burning. Flue required. Very
efficient. Delivered via underground pipe
z Li
Liquefied
fi d petroleum
l – relatively
l i l clean
l b
burning.
i R
Requires
i
on-site storage tank. Delivered via truck.
z Fuel oil – tendencyy to create dirt/smoke. Requires
q on-
site storage tank. Delivered via truck. Various grades
available.
z Steam – more common in urban areas where available
from local utility or in large complexes with central
steam plant. Supply and return lines required.
Heating equipment

z Furnaces and Boilers Flue

z C b ti efficiency
Combustion ffi i
Furnace

Heat
Exchanger
Cooling Systems

z Boyles Ideal Gas Law

– Pressure
P
– Temperature
– Volume
z Certain gases react more
actively
– Refrigerants
– CFC’s
– HCFC’s
The Refrigeration Cycle
Compressor

Evaporator Coil
C d
Condenser C
Coilil

Expansion Valve/ Metering Device

Cooling
C li system
t operating
ti and
d
maintenance concerns

z Types of compressors
– Reciprocating
R i ti
– Centrifugal
– Rotary
z Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
z Integrated part load values (IPLV)
z Environmental Protection Agency
– supervises aspects of refrigeration equipment maintenance
– importance
p of eliminating
g or reducingg refrigerant
g leaks
Cooling
C li system
t operating
ti and
d
maintenance concerns

z Types of compressors
– Reciprocating
R i ti
– Centrifugal
– Rotary
z Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
z Integrated part load values (IPLV)
z Environmental Protection Agency
– supervises aspects of refrigeration equipment maintenance
– importance
p of eliminating
g or reducingg refrigerant
g leaks
HVAC system types

z Centralized systems; quiet

– ttwo-pipe
i
– three-pipe
– four-pipe
z Decentralized systems; not as quiet
– heating and cooling sources in guestroom itself or along
outside wall
z Hybrid systems
– characteristics of centralized and decentralized systems
System
S t types
t and
d maintenance
i t needs
d off
HVAC systems for other building areas

z Air handling units

– I l ti off zones (housekeeping,
Isolation (h k i kit
kitchen,
h maintenance…)
i t )
z Packaged air conditioning units
– usually
y mounted on roof
z Maintenance issues
– Filter replacement
– b lt checking
belt h ki and d replacement
l t
– cleaning of fans and heat transfer surfaces
HVAC controls

z Today’s controls are often electronic

z Th
Thermostat
t t
– enthalpy or economizer control
– Older control sensors—mechanical sensing
z Digital control systems
– variable air volume ((VAV)) systems
y
– load sensing equipment
– EMS sensors
Cooling towers

z Startup and shutdown concerns

z Inspection and lubrication of pumps and fans
z Removal of dirt and other debris
z Treatments to reduce bacteria, scale, and
corrosion
z Inspection of metal surfaces