TYPE OF TEXT

BAYU SEPTOVIAJI P XII IPS 3

1.REPORT TEXT
Definition

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis Purpose

to convey information text observations and systematic analysis. General structure

1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general 2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials DRAFT GENERAL STRUCTURE GENERAL CLASSIFICATION TEXT
Do you know what is the largest lizard? This lizard is called komodo. It lives in the scrub and woodland of a few Indonesian islands. Komodo dragon is the world's heaviest lizard, weighing 150 pounds or more. The largest Komodo ever measured was more than 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighed 366 pounds (166 kg) but the average size of komodo in the wild is about 8 feet (2.5 meters) long and 200 pounds (91 kg) Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerful limbs and a muscular tail. They use their keen sense of smell to locate decaying animal remains from several miles away. They also hunt other lizards as well as large mammals and are sometimes cannibalistic. The Komodo dragon's teeth are almost completely covered by its gums. When it feeds, the gums bleed, creating an ideal culture for virulent bacteria. The bacteria that live in the Komodo dragon's saliva causes septicemia, or blood poisoning, in its victims. A dragon will bite its prey, then follow it until the animal is too weak to carry on.

Example

DESCRIPTION

This lizard species is threatened by hunting, loss of prey species and habitat loss.

2.HORTATORY TEXT Definition

Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that belongs to the class of Argumentation. Hortatory Exposition is a type of English textthat influences the reader to do something oract in a certain way.

Purpose

The Purpose Hortatory exposition is to presenting and influencing the readers thatshould be so, and should not be.

General structure

1. Thesis The contain of thesis is introduction tothe main idea of a effect or event that will be raised or discussed. 2. Arguments The contain of argument is the opinions of the writer that support the main idea. The more opinions the authorswrite, the more attractive a HortatoryExposition Text, because readers tend to believe in an event if there are many opinions that support in it. 3. Recommendation Recommendation contains a recommendation or solicitation writer tothe reader.

Example

DRAFT GENERAL STRUCTURE THESIS TEXT

Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.

ARGUMENTS

Argument 1 The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials. Argument 2 Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.

RECOMMENDATION

I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.

3.RECOUNT TEXT

Definition Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative Purpose

The purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences by retelling events in the order in which they happened (chronological order). Recounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either informing or entertaining their audience (or both). General structure

1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time 2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past 3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story DRAFT GENERAL STRUCTURE ORIENTATION TEXT The tour to Pangandaran Beach started on holiday last semester. We decided to go to Pangandaran Beach by our motorbike. That was very interesting tour. Riding a motorbike from my hometown, Cirebon, to Pangandaran Beach with my best friends made me feel exited. The tour to Pangandaran Beach began at 09.00 a.m. in the morning and it took 5 hours riding to Pangandaran Beach. There were so many story that my friends and I got when we were in the tour such as there was my friend who got lost, ran out of fuel in the middle of jungle, and so forth. But it was interesting, because it was the first moment that I ever had in touring. We arrived at Pangandaran Beach at 02.00 p.m. and we stright to move to the beach. At beach we just lied down there to stretch our muscle because of 5 hours riding. We also had a lunch there by eating some foods that we brought from Cirebon. That was very nice moment when we shared our own food to others. After we had enough rest, we began to explore Pangandaran Beach. Started by exploring the beach, and the sea using rented boat. Then we went to dive by renting some diving equipment. We could see many coral there. We just had 2 hours to enjoy Pangandaran Beach because we had to come back to Cirebon.

Example

EVENTS

REORIENTATION

We came back to Cirebon at 04.00 p.m. It was imposible to ride in the night, so we just decided to stay over in our friend house in Ciamis and we started to come back in the morning. That was very nice experience that I and my friends ever had. We would never forget that moment.

4.Procedure Text

Definition

Text that explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. Purpose

The purpose procedural text is to tell the reader how to do or make something. The information is presented in a logical sequence of events which is broken up into small sequenced steps. These texts are usually written in the present tense. The most common example of a procedural text is a recipe

General structure

1. Goal: showing the purpose 2. Material: Telling the needed materials 3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose DRAFT GENERAL STRUCTURE GOAL How to make Cheese Omelet TEXT

Example

Material

You need these ingredients to make cheese omlet:

1 egg, 50 g cheese 1 cup milk 3 table spoons cooking oil A pinch of salt and pepper Frying pan Fork Spatula Cheese grater Bowl Plate

STEPS

Here are the instructions that you must follow to make cheese omelet

1. Crack an egg into a bowl. 2. Whisk the egg with a fork until it is smooth. 3. Add milk and whisk well. 4. Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir. 5. Heat the oil in a frying pan. 6. Pour the mixture into the frying pan. 7. Turn the omelet with a spatula when it browns. 8. Cook both sides. 9. Place on a plate, spread salt and pepper. 10. Eat while warm.

5.News Item Text Definition

A news item text is a text which is grouped into the text genre of narration. Purpose

News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important General structure

1. Newsworthy event(s): recount the event in summary form. 2. Background event(s): elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstance 3. Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event

DRAFT

Example

GENERAL STRUCTURE Newsworthy event

TEXT Moscow A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Background events

Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo 22 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a thermal and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Sources

A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.

6.Analytical Definition text yang mencoba memberikan penjelasan secara komprehensif tentang suatu masalah dengan menampilkan pendapat-pendapat pendukung secara hati-hati. Purpose to attempt to persuade the reader to believe something by presenting one side of the argument Generic Structure Position : Introduces topic and indicates writers position. Preview : Outlines the main arguments to be presented. Arguments Point : Restates main arguments outlines in Preview. Elaboration : Develops and supports each point/argument. Reiteration Restates writers position. Example

The Advantages of Gold Coin Investment Gold has become a precious metal to mankind since it was the dawn of civilization. The nature of gold is soft and malleable which people can make and easily change to any forms, even it is done just by a simple technology. The beautiful golden and shiny color does not easily fade out. The form of gold can be as jewelry, bar, or coin. Now days gold coin, such as gold IRA, becomes an advantageous investment. Gold is safe and profitable for investment. In uncertain situations, many people are turning to gold because gold has a more stable value and regarded as currency without limitation assets. It is secure and can be cashed out at any time we need. The Gold values tend to be stable; take a look an IRA gold discussion. It is zero inflation effect. It is very rare that the gold prices fell. Even every year, the gold price tends to increase. Investments in the form of coins, it is famous as gold coin, is more profitable if it is compared with the investment gold in the form of jewelry. Gold Coin, for example gold 401k which some people call 401k gold, is very good when used as an alternative investment, whether it is for the medium-term investment and long-term investment. Besides that gold coins need less cost in production and manufacturing sot it is more lucrative than investing gold in the form of jewelry. Moreover, some people do not just think gold as an investment, but also as collections. Because the character is a collection so the uniqueness and rareness are the point. There might be coins that cost up to more than a million because of the history variables, ownership, and perhaps an important event when the coin is launched. From the reason above, if we decide to make an investment, it could be useful to consider investing gold coin or think about gold IRA transfer. It is really recommended. 7.Descriptive Definition a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing Purpose To tell the reader General Structure -identification -description Example GITAR My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond guitar--the first instrument I taught myself how to play.

It's nothing fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and finger-printed. At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slim neck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers pressing chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that was slightly damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off years ago. No, it's not a beautiful instrument, but it still lets me make music, and for that I will always treasure it. 8.Narrative Description A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people Purpose To entertain the reader General Structure -Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced

-Complication : Where the problems in the story developed

-Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved Example The Legend of Rawa Pening Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village. He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little boy. Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal. When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a lesung, a big wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, please remember, if there is a flood you must save yourself. Use this lesung as a boat. The lesung was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy

continued his journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many people gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the ground. People challenged each other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried, but nobody succeeded. Can I try? asked the little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck so he stepped forward and pulled out the stick. He could do it very easily. Everybody was dumbfounded. Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until it flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the little boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As she told him, he used the lesung as a boat and picked up the old woman. The whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia. 9.Spoof Definition A story Joke Purpose To make the reader laughing General Structure -Orientation,introduction -Events, contain the main tragedy -Twist, ending of the story Example SAM TING WONG Jacky Wong got married with Lia Wong. Both of them had a white skin and straight hair. They are really a well-matched couple. One year later, Wong family got a new baby. A nurse brought them a son with curly hair and a black skin. The nurse congratulated and said, "What name will you give to this son?" With a confused face, Jacky Wong grumbled, "Sam Ting Wong!" 10.Review Description Review,summary

Purpose to criticise an art work, event for a public audience Generic Structure Orientation : places the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with others of its kind or through an analog with a nonart object or event Interpretive Recount : summarize the plot and/or providers an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being Evaluation : provides an evaluation of the work and/or its performance or production; is usually recursive

Example Rhymes of the Times By: Harold Matthew Nash Publisher: Booksurge Reviewed by:Bayu Septoviaji I particularly liked the first few pages of this book where the poet acknowledges those who have helped him and tells us something about his life. Too often writing is a lonely task and poetry so personal that it excludes others until they read the final result. But both poets and audiences are intimately involved in the process. Readers are not consumers looking for a pair of shoes, but people trying to discover something about how they feel, as well as understand the emotions of the person writing the poem. This spirit of openness and participation is right here from the start in this collection. Harold is one of nine children, raised by his mother. In the Introduction he tells us about public moments that have shaped his life (Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream speech, Muhammad Alis I can float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.) as well as very private ones like attending the wedding of a girl he was still very much in love with. This not only gives us an insight into the person behind these poems, it helps us understand their inspiration and connection to things outside of the words. The Bee in the Web draws on the butterfly/bee of Alis boast, yet expands on it to a message of racial harmony as opposed to one of militant aggression and separatism. There are some great titles (The Martian and the Wino, W Stands for Wrong", Fasten Your Seatbelt) and lines that make us think (Sometimes I feel that lifes a curse, has front-wheel drive and no reverse and the very poignant I hate in order to protect yourselfyou pack a gun or mace. So why dont I say what the hell and hate the human race.) There are also some bad lines: Her skin is cream, her body is slim. Looking at her makes the average saint sin. perhaps, but what or who is the average saint? The book ends with a sweet poem by Charla

Angeline Hultmann (and I really like the candor of her bio) called Gift and giving is the real spirit of this book of poetry. I will be honest, I am not a fan of rhyme. There is a delight in adjacent sounds rubbing togethervowels held and savored, consonants clicking in a rowbut easy rhymes (head/dead; love/dove; moon/prune) tend to overshadow poetic subtleties, determine word choice and the words themselves lose their meaning, becoming clichs. But this is the music of this poets generation, and there is no denying that poetry is more alive, more meaningful and more accessible than it has ever been at any other time during my life. PS I do love the Osama mama rhyme. In general I think it would benefit Harold Nashs development to read more of the published contemporary Black poets.

But form aside, this is an honest (courageous and unflinching) look at life todayone we need to share together for the survival of us all. That is Rhymes of the Times message. And it is a good one. 12.Discussion Definition A conversation about something Purpose To give an information Generic structure 1. Issue 2. Arguments a. Supporting Points b. Contrasting Points 3. Conclusion / Recommendation Example The Ban on Smoking in Public Places Smoking ban in public places has been a hot issue these last months not only in Malta but also in various countries who are discussing the effects a ban would have. There have been several debates on smoking ban. Even though the harmful effects of smoking, both active and passive, are well known and undeniable smoking is far from being in decline; it is spreading among young people in particular quickly.

Most controversial debate is going on public smoking ban. The reason is simple, smoking ban affects directly all people rapidly and we can see its effects in a short-term period. There have been a lot of arguments brought up both in favour and against a public smoking ban. Some of the arguments in favour are the following. Smoking ban is one of the controversial ways for reducing smoking and recognizing non-smokers right to health protection. The health risks of smoking are clear. Passive smoking does carry risks. Many leading medical and scientific organizations recognize second hand smoke as a cause of a range of life-threatening conditions. The health situation could be drastically improved if one of the risk factors - tobacco - was eliminated. People have a right to protect themselves from smoke inhalation. People shouldnt have to inhale the ill-effects of other peoples smoking. The creation of smoke-free public places also improves air quality. Those opposing a smoking ban say that freedom of choice would be affected by such legislation. Some people against a ban say that smoking bans damage business. A smoking ban could lead to a significant fall in earnings from bars, restaurants and casinos. Another argument is that the smoker has a basic human right to smoke in public places, and the ban is a limitation for smokers rights. Businesses, smokers, publicans, tobacco industries, stars, and some of the nonsmokers oppose public smoking ban. Smokers light a cigarette because they need to smoke, not because they want it, because nicotine is physically addictive. Therefore, some smokers think that the public smoking ban is oppressiveness. They see the ban as a treatment to smokers as second-class citizens. Smokers agree that the smoking ban benefits the world, but cannot support the ban, because effects of nicotine obstruct them. Public smoking ban needs to be measured and understood better. Smokers should not be made to look like outcasts, but smokers should respect non-smokers when sharing places. I agree that completely smoke-free places are the ideal, and some businesses have taken the decision to go completely smoke-free. However, everyone agrees that, it is a matter of rights - the right of smokers to smoke versus non-smokers to protect from passive smoking and to breathe clean air.