MASTERYPHYSICSSPM2009 Paper3 EXPERIMENT

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CHAPTER2:FORCESANDMOTION
Arrangmentoftheapparatus
(1)Effectofforce(F=ma)

Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween massand acceleration m,a forceconstant

Variables
Manipulated: mass//numberof trolley Responding: accelerationof trolley Constant:Force appliedbyan elasticcord,F

Procedureoftheexperiment
1.Switchonpowersupplyandatickertimer. 2.Thetrolleyispulleddowntheinclinedrunwaywith anelasticcordattachedtothehindpostofthe trolley. 3.Theelasticcordisstretcheduntiltheotherendis withthefrontendofthetrolley.Thelengthis maintainedasthetrolleyrunsdowntherunway. 4.Thetickertapeobtainediscutintostripsof10 ticksandtheacceleration,producedbytheone unitofforceiscalculatedbyusingtheformula, a=vu/t 5.Theexperimentisrepeatedwith2,3,4and5trolley (withasecondtrolleystackuponthefirsttrolley)


(2)Effectofforce(F=ma)

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween forceand acceleration F,a massconstant

Manipulated: Forceappliedby anelasticcord,F Responding: accelerationof trolley,a Constant: mass//numberof trolley

(3)Velocityandheightofatrolley Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween velocityandheightof atrolley

1.Switchonpowersupplyandatickertimer. 2.Thetrolleyispulleddowntheinclinedrunwaywith anelasticcordattachedtothehindpostofthe trolley. 3.Theelasticcordisstretcheduntiltheotherendis withthefrontendofthetrolley.Thelengthis maintainedasthetrolleyrunsdowntherunway. 4.Thetickertapeobtainediscutintostripsof10 ticksandtheacceleration,producedbytheone unitofforceiscalculatedbyusingtheformula, a=vu/t 5.Theexperimentisrepeatedwith2,3,4and5 identicalelasticcord.

Manipulated: Heightofatrolley Responding: velocity Constant:angleof inclinedrunway,

1.Atickertapeisattachedtoatrolleyandpassed throughatickertimerconnectedtoapower supply. 2.Thetrolleyisplacedataheight,h=10.0cmfromthe tabletop.Theheight,hismeasuredbyusingaruler andrecorded. 3.Thepowersupplyisturnedonandthetrolleyis releasedtotherundowntherunway. 4.Thevelocityofthetrolleyatthebottomofthe runwayisdetermined Usingtheformula

V=Distancetraveled,s Timefor5ticks =scm 5ticksX0.02s 5.Theexperimentrepeatedwithaheight,h=15.0cm, 20.0cm,25.0cmand30.0cm.


(4)Velocityanddistanceofspringcompression

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween velocity/speedand distanceofspring compression

Manipulated: distanceofspring compression Responding: velocity/speed Constant:elasticity ofaspring/spring constant

1.Switchonthepowersupplyandtickertimer. 2.Compressthespringbypushingthetrolleyata distance,x=2.0cmmeasuredbyaruler. 3.Releasethetrolleyandcalculatethevelocityofa trolleyfromatickertapebyusingtheformula,

(5)Velocity/speedanddistanceofspringstretching

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween velocityanddistance ofspringstretching

Manipulated: distanceofspring stretching Responding: velocity/speed Constant: elasticityofa spring/spring constant/stiffness/ diameter/thickness ofaspring

V=Distancetraveled,s Timefor5ticks =scm 5ticksX0.02s 4.Theexperimentrepeatedwithadistance compression,x=4.0cm,6.0cm,8.0cmand10.0cm. 1.Switchonthepowersupplyandtickertimer. 2.Pullthetrolleyatadistancex=2.0cmmeasuredby aruler. 3.Releasethetrolleyandcalculatethevelocityofa trolleyfromatickertapebyusingtheformula,

V=Distancetraveled,s Timefor5ticks =scm 5ticksX0.02s 4.Theexperimentrepeatedbypullingthetrolleyata distance,x=4.0cm,6.0cm,8.0cmand10.0cm.

CHAPTER3:FORCESANDPRESSURE
Arrangementoftheapparatus
(6)Extensionandforce/massofaload

Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween extensionofaspring andforce/massofload

Variables
Manipulated: force/massofload Responding: extensionofaspring, x Constant: length/diameter /elasticity/spring constant/stiffnessofa spring Manipulated:Depth ofaliquid,h Responding:pressure ofaliquid,L Constant:densityofa liquid

Procedureoftheexperiment
1.Measuretheinitiallengthofthespring,L1 2.Putoneslottedmass,20gattheendofthe spring 3.Measurethelengthofthespring,L2 4.Calculatetheextensionofthespring,x=L2 L1 5.Repeattheexperimentforthemass 40g,60g,80gand100g.

(7)Pressureanddepthofwater

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween pressureanddepthof water

1.Themeasuringcylinderiscompletelyfilled withwater. 2.Thethistlefunnelisconnectedtothe manometerwitharubbertube. 3.Thethistlefunnelisloweredverticallyatthe depthofwater,h=10.0cm. 4.Thedifferenceheightofwater,Lin manometermeasuredusingaruler. 5.Theexperimentisrepeatedwiththedepthof water,h=20.0cm,30.0cm,40.0cmand 50.0cm.


(8)ArchimedesPrinciple

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween buoyantforce/up thrustandthedepthof ironrodinthe water/volumeof waterdisplaced

Manipulated:Depth ofironrodinthe water,L/volumeof waterdisplaced Responding:buoyant force/upthrust Constant:densityofa liquid

1.Theweightofironrodinairismeasuredby usingaspringbalance,W0 2.Theironrodisloweredverticallyinthewater atdepth,L=5.0cm 3.Theweightofironinthewateris measured,W1. 4.Thebuoyantforce,Bismeasuredbyusinga formula B=W1W0. 5.Theexperimentisrepeatedwithdepth, L=10.0cm,15.0cm,20.0cmand25.0cm.

CHAPTER4:HEAT(GASLAW)
Arrangementoftheapparatus
(9)BoylesLaw(PressureandVolume)

Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween pressureandvolume ofagas PV/T

Variables
Manipulated: volumeofairina syringe Responding: pressureoftrapped air Constant: temperature/mass ofairinsidea syringe

Procedureoftheexperiment
1.Thepistonofthesyringeisadjusteduntilthe volumeofairinthesyringeis50cm3at atmosphericpressure. 2.Thepistonofthesyringeispushedinuntilthe enclosedvolume/airtrappedis90cm3. 3.ThepressureontheBourdongaugeis recorded. 4.Repeattheexperimentforenclosedvolume /airtrappedinthesyringe40cm3,30cm3, 20cm3and10cm3.


(10)CharlesLaw(VolumeandTemperature)

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween volumeand temperatureofagas

1.Thewaterisheatedandcontinuouslystirred Manipulated: untilthetemperatureofthewaterreaches Temperatureof 20C. trappedair, 2.Thelengthofaircolumn,xisrecordedusinga Responding:Length ruler. ofaircolumn,x 3.Theexperimentisrepeatedbyincreasesthe temperature40C,60C,80Cand100C. Constant: mass/volumeof trappedair

(11)PressureLaw(PressureandTemperature)

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween pressureand temperatureofagas Manipulated: Temperatureof trappedair, Responding: Pressureoftrapped air Constant: mass/volumeof trappedair 1.Thewaterbathisheatedandcontinuously stirreduntilthetemperatureofthewater reaches20C. 2.Thepressureoftheairismeasuredbyusing theBourdongauge. 3.Theexperimentisrepeatedbyincreasesthe temperature40C,60C,80Cand100C.

CHAPTER5:LIGHT
Arrangmentoftheapparatus
(12)Linearmagnification,mandobjectdistance,u

Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween linear magnification,mand objectdistance,u

Variables
Manipulated: objectdistance,u Responding:linear magnification,m Constant:focal length/lenspower

Procedureoftheexperiment
1.Theobjectisplaced10.0cmfromthelens. 2.Adjustthescreenuntilthesharpimage formedonthewhitescreen. 3.Theimagedistance,vismeasuredbyusinga ruler. 4.Linearmagnificationoftheimage,mis calculatedusingaformula,m=v/u 5.Repeattheexperimentwithdifferentobject distance,u=20.0cm,30.0cm,40.0cmand 50.0cm.

CHAPTER6:WAVE
Arrangmentoftheapparatus (1) WATERWAVE (Refractionofwaterwave) Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween wavelengthandthe depthofwater. 1.Fillintherippletankwithwateratdepth2cm. Manipulated:depth 2.Apieceofperspexplateatthickness0.3cmis ofwater placedatthemiddleoftherippletank. Responding: 3.Switchonthepowersupply,vibratingmotor wavelength andlamp. 4.Freezethewaterwavebyusingthe Constant:frequency stroboscope. ofwaterwave 5.Measurethedistancebetweentwo consecutivebrightORdarkfringesonwhite paperusingaruler. 6.Repeattheexperimentbyusingaperspex

Variables

Procedureoftheexperiment

plateatthickness0.6cm,0.9cm,1.2cmand 1.5cm.

(2) SOUNDWAVE(=ax/D) Xanda(,Dconstant) Distancebetweentwoconsecutiveloudsound,xand distancebetweentwoloudspeakers,a

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween distancebetweentwo consecutiveloud sounds,xand distancebetweentwo loudspeakers,a. 1.Placeasignalgeneratorandtwoloudspeakers Manipulated: onalongbenchinanopenspace. distancebetween 2.Adjusttheseparation,a,ofthetwospeakersA twoloudspeakers, andBto1.0m. a 3.Switchonthesignalgenerator. Responding: 4.Anobserverstand5minfrontofAandBand distancebetween walksinastraightlineparalleltoAB. twoconsecutive 5.Thedistancebetweentwoconsecutiveloud loudsounds,x soundheard,x,ismeasuredbymetrerule. 6.Repeattheexperimentwithdistancebetween Constant:frequency twoloudspeakers,a=1.2m,1.4m,1.6m,1.8m ofthesignal and2.0m. generator

CHAPTER7:ELECTRIC
Arrangementoftheapparatus
(3)Resistanceandlength/diameterofwire

Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween resistanceandthe lengthofwire.

Variables
Manipulated: length/diameterof wire/crosssectional area Responding: resistanceofwire Constant: diameter/length/ current/resistivity Manipulated: Magnitudeof current Responding: Energy/Work done/Power/height /distanceofthe load Constant:massof theload

Procedureoftheexperiment
1.A10.0cmconstantanwire(s.w.g28)is connectedbetweenXY. 2.Therheostatisadjusteduntilthecurrent flowsinthecircuit0.5Aandvoltmeterreading isrecorded. 3.Theresistancecalculatedbyusingaformula, R=V/I 4.Repeattheexperimentwithlengthofwire, L=20.0cm,30.0cm,40.0cmand50.0cm.

(4)Energy/Workdone/Power/heightoftheloadandmagnitudeof current/voltage.

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween Energy/Work done/Power/height /distanceoftheload andmagnitudeof current/voltage

1.Switchonthepowersupply. 2.Adjusttherheostatsothatthecurrentflowin thecircuitis0.5A. 3.Activatethestopwatch. 4.Measuretheheight/distanceoftheloadgoes upusingarulerin2minutes. 5.Repeatexperimentwithdifferentcurrent, I=1.0A,1.5A,2.0Aand2.5A.

 CHAPTER8:ELECTROMAGNETISM
Arrangementoftheapparatus
(5)Strengthofmagneticfield/no.ofpinattractedandmagnitudeof current

Aimofexperiment
Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween thestrengthof magneticfield/no.of pinattractedand magnitudeofcurrent. Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween velocity/speed/ heightofthemagnet andmagnitudeofthe inducedcurrent

Variables
Manipulated: magnitudeof current Responding:the strengthof magneticfield/no. ofpinattracted Constant:no.ofturn ofthesolenoid

Procedureoftheexperiment
1.Theswitchisonandrheostatisadjustedtoset thecurrentflow0.2A. 2.Bringthepetridishfilledwithpinattheendof solenoid. 3.Recordthenumberofpinattractedbythe solenoid. 4.Repeattheexperimentwithcurrent,I=0.4A, 0.6A,0.8Aand1.0A.

(6)Magnitudeoftheinducedcurrentandvelocity/speed/heightofbar magnet

Manipulated: velocity/speed/ heightofthe magnet Responding: magnitudeofthe inducedcurrent Constant:number ofturnsofthecoil

1.Theheightofbarmagnetisadjustedath=20 cm. 2.Thebarmagnetisdroppedverticallyintothe coilofwire.Recordthemaximumreadingof miliammeter. 3.Thestepsarerepeatedforh=30cm,h=40 cm,h=50cmandh=60cm

 (7)Magnitudeof(induced)current//potentialdifference(Vs)and numberofturnsofthesecondarycoil

Acpower supply OR

Toinvestigatethe relationshipbetween thenumberofturns ofthesecondarycoil andthemagnitudeof (induced)current// potentialdifference (Vs)

Manipulated:the numberofturnsof thesecondarycoil, Ns Responding: (induced)current// potentialdifference (output) Constant:input voltage//noof turnsoftheprimary coil//size/ diameter/thickness ofwireofcoils.

Softlaminatedironcore

1.Setuptheapparatusasshown,witha240V accurrentsupplywith50turnsontheprimary coil. 2.Setthesecondarycoilsothatthenumberof turnsn=20 3.Switchonthepowersupply,measurethe current,I(withtheammeter)thatpasses throughthesecondarycoil. 4.Repeatstep2and3forn=40,60,80and100 turns.

Acpower supply