by Sarah Mae Sincero (|ul 19, 2012)

Personality
1 The Biology of Personality
2 Type Theory
3 Psychodynamic Theories
4 Behaviourism
5 Humanistic Perspective
6 Trait Theory
7 Social Cognitive Theories
8 Culture
Home>Academic>Psychology>Social Cognitive Theories of Personality
Social Cognitive Theories of Personality
Bandura and Mischel
How is personality developed? There are many theories that attempt to
give us a clear, logical answer to this fundamental question !ne category
of these theories is the social cognitive theories "y Bandura and Mischel
#et us e$amine each theorist%s views on personality
Personality and Bandura
n his social cognitive theory of personality, Bandura
included the concept of observational learning as one of
the main theoretical points. He argued that
reinforcement does not simply work as a mechanism,
but it is actually the provider of information of the next
reinforcement to be given once the behavior is repeated.
Bandura pointed out that in order for the individual to
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repeat an agreeable behavior, he must include his
intellectual processes, in contrast with Skiner's belief that
thinking only occurs inside a "black box". n this sense,
Bandura agreed that environment causes behavior, but behavior can also cause environment. This chief
concept in his theory is called reciprocal determinism. Bandura's approach to personality can be gleaned
by this situation: Suppose an adolescent shows his aggressive personality trait because he is maltreated
by his peers. When this person expresses his aggression by way of violent acts, he can trigger either a
higher level of aggression or fear inside his peers' minds, therefore changing his environment.
After theorizing that personality as revealed in his behavior and environment belong to a two-way
process, Bandura later proposed that there is a third factor that must be considered in this kind of
interaction- the person's psychological processes. He said that our capacity to process language and
images and other sensory stimuli in our minds have an effect on how we behave, how we develop our
personality traits, and thus, how we affect our environment. When he introduced this concept, he
became included in the behaviorist-cognitivist circle of psychologists.
Personality and Mischel
Somehow similar to Bandura's proposal, Walter Mischel's Theory of Personality states that an individual's
behavior is influenced by two things- the specific attributes of a given situation and the manner in which
he perceives the situation. n contrast to the traditional social cognitive theories, Mischel argued that a
person only behaves in a similar manner whenever these actions are highly probable to yield into the
same results. He emphasized that we have individual differences, so our values and expectancies must
be consider in predicting a person's behavior and personality.
According to Mischel, there are five person variables that contribute to the conditions of a specific
situation. They are used in predicting how a person will most likely behave.
1. Competencies - our intellectual capabilities as well as social skills.
2. Cognitive Strategies - the different perceptions of a specific event. For instance, what may be
"threatening" for you may be "challenging" to another person.
3. Expectancies - the expected results of different behaviors that are realized by the person
inside his mind.
4. Subjective Values - the respective value of each possible outcomes of various behaviors.
5. Self-regulatory systems - the groups of rules and standards that people adapt to in order to
regulate their behavior.
n the end, Mischel believes that personality per se does not exist, and that our traits are merely
cognitive strategies or things that we do for us to obtain the kind of reward we want.
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Citation:
Sarah Mae Sincero (|ul 19, 2012). Social Cognitive Theories of Personality. Retrieved Sep 13,
2013 from Explorable.com: http://explorable.com/social-cognitive-theories-of-personality
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