Permeability

Permeability
Permeability
Permeability
connects Static Petrophysics
with
Dynamic Reservoir Behavior
Permeability
Fluid Flow through Pores
Permeability
Permeability
rapid variability
leads to immense mismatches
when comparing different techniques
Permeability
Darcys Law
kA p
q
x

=

Permeability
Effective Permeability k
e
flow of one fluid hinders the flow of another
limitation of Darcys law
concept of Relative Permeability
k
r
= k
e
/ k
k
ro
+ k
rw
< 1
Permeability
Fluid Flow Equations
for water,
for oil,
rw
w
W
k kA p
q
x

=

ro
o
o
k kA p
q
x

=

Permeability
Radial Cylindrical Fluid Flow
for oil
( )
( )
7.07
ln /
o e f
o
o e w
k h p p
q
r r

=
Permeability
Radial Cylindrical Fluid Flow
for gas
( )
( )
2 2
704
ln /
g e f
g
g e w
k h p p
q
ZT r r

=
Permeability
Permeability
from
Empirical Correlations
Permeability
Permeability Porosity
Relationships
somewhat tenuous?
Permeability
Permeability Variations
due to variations in grain size
tortuosity
shaliness
Permeability
Porosity and Permeability
do not obey the same rules
Porosity : sorting
Permeability : grain size
pore throats
Permeability
Porosity vs
Permeability
Permeability
Permeability
Porosity vs.
Permeability
Permeability
Clay Dehydration in Core Handling
Permeability
Clay Dehydration in Core Handling
Permeability
Internal Surface Area
Permeability
Impact of Grain Size
Permeability
Permeability and Grain Size
Permeability
Irreducible Water
Permeability
Grain Size and Irreducible Saturation
Permeability
Permeability
is related to . . .
Capillary Pressure
Irreducible Water Saturation
Permeability
Capillary
Pressure Plots
Indicate permeability
by . . .
entry pressure
irreducible
saturation
Permeability
Reservoir Quality & Heterogeneity
Permeability
Kozeny - Carman
Permeability related to Porosity
and Surface Area of Grains
( )
3
2
3
5 1
k
Ag

Permeability
Wyllie and Rose Conjecture
Grain Surface Area
is related approximately
to
Irreducible Water Saturation S
wirr
Permeability
Permeability
S
wirr
is a surrogate for
Grain Surface Area
Permeability
Wyllie and Rose
Permeability Relationship
3
1/ 2
wi
k C
S C

+
Permeability
Timur Equation
for Permeability
2.25
1/ 2
100
wi
k
S

=
Permeability
Permeability
Schlumberger Chart K-4
advantage that k = 0 at Swi = 1
and at
e
= 0
1/ 2 2
1
70
wi
e
wi
S
k
S

=


Permeability
Permeability
Permeability from Bulk Volume Water
BVW
i
= BVW
iclean
+ S
bw

t
1/ 2 2
100
t i
e
i
BVW
k
BVW

=


Permeability
BVW
i
= a constant
BVW = S
w
= a constant
at irreducible saturation
BVW becomes BVW
i
Permeability
Pressure Behavior
during flow rate changes
Permeability
Pressure Behavior
Drawdown Buildup
Permeability
Drawdown Tests
from start of constant rate fluid flow, reservoir
pressure drops exponentially
from shut-in to flowing
Drawdown is a measure of Permeability
analogous situation in Wireline Tester tools
Permeability
Repeat
Formation
Tester RFT
Permeability
RFT Pretest Record
Permeability
Pretest
Drawdown vs
Qualitative k
Permeability
Permeability from Pretest Drawdown
for standard wireline tester probes
and usual hole sizes:
5660
d
q
k
p

Permeability
Influence of Flushed Zone
pretest drawdown
pressure disturbance
mainly within flushed
zone
residual oil
unfortunate spot on
rel. perm. curves
Permeability
Wireline Tester
Pressure Record
Permeability
Pressure
Behavior
High Permeability
Rapid Buildup
Permeability
Pressure
Behaviour
Low Permeability
Slow buildup
Permeability
Permeability from Buildup
on large sample
Horner Plot
Cylindrical Propagation
88.4
c
c
q
k
m h

=
Permeability
Horner Plot
Permeability
Pressure Disturbance Propagation
Permeability
Permeability
from
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Permeability
Permeability from NMR
purely empirical
Numar
Schlumberger
( )
2
4
10
FF
e
i
k
BVW

=


i
( )
2
4
2,log e
k C T =
Permeability
Permeability from NMR
Permeability
NMR Porosity & Permeability
Permeability
Permeability
Permeability