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Redox Rusting as a
reactions redox reaction
3.1
3.2
OXIDATION
AND REDUCTION
3.3
3.4
Electrolysis cell
Activation Series
and chemical cell
of Metal and its
application
1
B. 3.1
The reaction
Oxidation and reduction in
involved oxidation Oxidation and reduction refers
and reduction terms of oxygen.
to hydrogen.
simultaneously
*3.1.1
*3.1.2
REDOX REACTION (oxidation &
reduction)
*3.1.3
*3.1.5
Examples of *3.1.4
Redox reaction
Oxidation and reduction in
terms of electron transfer
Oxidation and reduction in
terms of oxidation numbers
1 List 3 example of redox 1. Define oxidation process
reaction. Write chemical in term of electron transfers.
equation for each example. 2. Define reduction process
2. List 3 example of non- 1. Define oxidation process in in term of electron transfers.
redox reaction. Write term of oxidation number. 3. Give an example of
chemical equation for each 2. Define reduction process in oxidation reaction and then
example. term of oxidation number. write the chemical equation.
3. Define oxidation process in
term of oxidation number.
4. Give an example of reduction
reaction. Write the chemical
equation
2
*B. 3.1.1
Other example to
oxidation
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION IN
TERMS OF OXYGEN.
2CuO + C Cu + CO2
Diagram
Equation
3
*B. 3.1.2
4
*B. 3.1.3
Diagram Equation
Definition for
Experiment to observe redox refers to oxidation
the electron transfer in a distance. Definition for
reduction
OXIDATION AND
REDUCTION IN TERMS OF
ELECTRON TRANSFER
Other example
G
e
Carbon Carbon
5
*B. 3.1.4
Determination of
oxidation number of
Calculation of oxidation number
an element.
Definition for 1.
oxidation
number 2.
Oxidation
number
OXIDATION AND
REDUCTION IN TERMS
OF OXIDATION
NUMBERS.
Reduction: Oxidation:
6
*B. 3.1.5
THE EXAMPLES OF
REDOX REACTION
Diagram
Examples
Carbon Carbon
Reduction agent
Oxidation agent
7
B.3.2
RUSTING IS REDOX
REACTION.
8
B. 3.3
CO2
Heat
Heat
Experiment: To determine
the position of hydrogen
in the reactivity series.
Extraction of iron and tin Application of the
in industry Reactivity series of
metals in the metal
Metal
extraction oxide
1. Extraction of iron
Dry H2 Heat
2.
3.
9
B. 3.4
At cathode:
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
(Reduction)
Carbon
At anode:
4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e
Other
(Oxidation) Cu2+ , NO3- ,
examples
H+ , OH-
10
3.1 Analysing redox reactions
a. Mg + CuO → MgO + Cu
b. Zn + PbO → ZnO + Pb
c. C + 2 ZnO → CO2 + Zn
receive electron
(reduction)
( a)…………………………is oxidized.
…………………………is reduced.
11
Receive electron (reduction)
b………………………..is oxidized
………………………..is reduced.
3. Determine which elements is oxidised and reduced in each of the following reactions.(In term of
electron transfer).
a. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
b. 2Fe + 3I2 → 2FeI3
c Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu
Oxidation number
decrease (reduction)
from 0 to -1
a……………………….is oxisided
………………………….is reduced
12
Oxidation number decrease (reduction) from +1 to 0
b.………………………………………is oxidized.
.……………………………………….is reduced.
5.
Oxidation number is the charge that the atom of the element would have if complete
transfer of electrons occur.
13
b. Calculate the oxidation number,ON of the following.
(i ) Mangan in MnO4-
Let ON mangan is x
1(x) + 4(-2) = -1
x = =+ 7
Na : +1
O : -2 Sodium chlorate (I)
NaClO
Let ON of Cl = x
(+1) + x +(-2) = 0
x = +1
14
Formula Oxidation number,ON of element Name
PbO2
PbO
MnO2
K2Cr2O7
7.
Redox reactions are chemical reactions involving oxidation and reduction
occurring simultaneously.
Bromine water
Iron(II)sulphate solution
electrons.
15
4. Half-equation for oxidation :
Iron(III)chloride solution
Zinc powder
Complete the table for the reactions that take place in the test tube above.
Observations
Half-equation : oxidation
Overall equation
Comfirmatory test
16
7.2 Displacement of metal from its salt solution.
K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe S Pb H Cu Hg Pt Ag
Increasing electropositivity.
For each of the following reactions, write down the half –equations and overall equation.State which
substance is oxidised and reduced.
a. Magnesium is added to aqueous copper(II) sulphate.
Oxidation Reduction
Half-equation
Observations
Overall equation
17
b. Copper is added to silver nitrate solution.
Oxidation Reduction
Half-equation
Observations
Overall equation
Oxidation Reduction
Half-equation
Observations
Overall equation
18
Chlorine water
Cl2 + 2 KI → 2 KCl + I2
Oxidation Reduction
Half-equation
Observation
Overall reaction
Reducing agent :
Oxidising agent :
19
b) Chlorine water is added to potassium bromide solution.
Oxidation Reduction
Half-equation
Observation
Overall reaction
Reducing agent :
Oxidising agent :
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
20
7.4 Transfer of electrons at a distance
When an oxidising agent and a reducing agent are kept ‘ at a distance’, the
electrons have to be transferred from one to the other through an external circuit. A
redox cell is a device to produce electric current from a redox reaction
1. Classify the following substances into oxidising agent and reducing agent.
Fe2+→ Fe3++e
ON of iron is
oxidised from
+2 to +3.
21
G
Carbon electrodes
Sulphuric acid
Reducing agent
Oxidising agent
Half-equation
Observations
Comfirmatory test
22
G
Carbon electrodes
K2Cr2O7 / H+
Ferum(II) sulphate
Potassium chloride,KCl
Reducing agent
Oxidising agent
Half-equation
Observations
Comfirmatory test
23
G
Magnesium
Copper
Copper(II) sulphate
Magnesium sulphate
Potassium iodide
Reducing agent
Oxidising agent
Half-equation
Observations
Comfirmatory test
24
3.2 Analysing rusting as a redox reaction.
Fe(s) → Fe2+(s) + 2e
Positive pole
Negative pole
Negative pole : Iron atoms in contact with the centre of the water droplets ionsise to
Fe(s) → ……………+ 2e
Electrons are transferred from the iron atoms to oxygen and water molecules at the
edge of the water droplets. Reduction occurs when the surface of the water droplets
The ………………….ions from the ionisation of iron then combined with the hydroxide
equation for the redox reaction is : 2Fe(aq) + O2(g) +2H2O → 2 Fe(OH) 2 (s)
25
In order to rust, both air and water a must
Air alone wont do, without water there too,
So protect it,or get a brown crust!
All metal atoms ionise to form metallic ions .The higher the metal in in the
electrochemical series, the easier its atoms ionise and the easier the corrosion
occurs.
When iron and copper are in contact with each other in the presence of electrolyte,electrons are transferred
from iron to copper.Rusting of iron occurs.
Fe(s) → Fe2+(s) + 2e
26
2. Complete the table.( The observations are given in the box.)
Mg/Fe
Zn/Fe
Sn/Fe
Pb/Fe
3.
Method of preventing rusting of iron
.
Painting
Medical
instruments
Roofs of houses
Clothes
Hanger
Oiling
Tin-plating
27
Comparison between electrolytic and voltaic cells
Similarities:
Contains an electrolyte
Consists of an anode and a cathode
Positive ions and negative iond move in the electrolyte
Chemical reactions involve the release and acceptance of electrons
Differences:
Electric current and Electric current results in a chemical Chemical reaction produces an
reactions reaction electric current
Anode: Anode:
Flow of electrons
Negative terminal
Positive terminal
Types of electrodes
28
EXECISES
2 Br- → Br2 + 2e
I. zinc
II. Bromine water
III. Potassium iodide solution
IV. Acidified potassium manganate(VII)solution.
A. Y2+ is oxidized
B. X is an oxidizing agent
C. X2+ is a reducing agent
D. X donates electrons to Y2+
4. Fe3+ ions in solution can be converted to Fe2+ ions by adding zinc powder.
Which of the following can replace zinc powder in this reaction ?
A. Bromine water
B. Potassium iodide solution
C. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)solution
D. Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
29
5. Table 1 shows the result of an experiment for three chemical cells.
A. I and IV only
B. II and III only
C. I,II and III only.
D. I,II,III and IV
30
STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS
1. The figure below shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reactions that take place in
test tubes P and Q
Bromine water
Copper(II) sulphate
solution
Ferum(II) sulphate
Magnesium ribbon solution
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1mark ]
31
(d ) Referring to the reaction that takes place in test tube P.
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]
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3. Copper(II) sulphate
solution
The figure above shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of dilute copper(II)
sulphate solution.
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) In the table below, write the ions in b(i) which moved to electrodes X and Y.
Elektrode X Elektrode Y
[ 1 mark ]
Elektrode Y :
[ 1 mark ]
33
(iv) What would you observe at electrode Y
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) Based on the answer in c(ii) what is the number of gas molecules collected?
[ 1 mark ]
34
3(a) Lime juice was electrolysed using carbon electrodes.
What is produced at the cathode? Write a half equation for the reaction. [2 marks]
Copper Zinc
plates plate Copper plate
Copper(II)
sulphate
solution
Cell P Cell Q
Compare and aontrast cell P and cellQ. Include in your answer the observation and half-equatins
for the reactions of the electrodes in both cells.
[ 8 marks ]
(c ) A student Intends to electroplate an iron key with a suitable metal to beautify it.
• Chemicals required.
• Procedures of the experiment
• Diagram showing the set-up of apparatus.
• Chemical equation involved in the reaction
• Observation
[ 10 marks ]
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4. (a) You have an iron key that rusts easily.
State how you would solve this problemusing an electrolysis process.
[ 4 marks ]
(b) Electrolysis is carried out on a dilute sodium chloride solution using carbon electrodes.
Explain how this electrolysis occurs.
Use a labeled diagram to explain your answer.
[ 6 marks ]
[ 10 marks ]
Al2O3 Cu2O
(i) Based on the two formulae , state the oxidation number for aluminium
and copper. [2 marks]
(ii) Name both the compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
[2 marks]
(iii) Expalin the difference between the names of the two compounds based
on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
b) The diagram below shows the set up of the apparatus fo an experiment to investigate
electron transfer through a solution.
36
G
(ii) Write the half equations for the reactions that occur at the negative and positive
terminals. [5 marks]
(iii) Based on your answer in 5b(ii), describe the oxidation and reduction processes in
terms of the electron transfer that occurs at the negative and positive terminals.
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