The Home Bible Study Library

Bible Reader’s
Concise KJV Glossary
(A Dictionary of 17th Century Biblical English Words & Expressions from the AV 1611)

Edited By Dr Terry W. Preslar

Copyright (C) 2007. Terry W. Preslar All rights reserved.

“...when thou comest, bring with thee...the books,

but especially the parchments. (2 Tim. 4:13)
Psalms 107:2 S É S Romans 12:1-2
P.O. Box 388 Mineral Springs, N.C. 28108
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 The Home Bible Study Library
Biblical Weights and Measures
(Systems of Weights, Measures and Money Measurements Mentioned in the Bible)
Abbreviations of the names of the books of the Bible used in this book and many other reference
books in the Fresh Waters Digital Library.
Genesis . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Gen. Nahum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nahum
Exodus . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . Ex. Habakkuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hab.
Leviticus . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Lev. Zephaniah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zeph.
Numbers . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Num. Haggai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hag.
Deuteronomy . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Deut. Zechariah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zec.
Joshua . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Josh. Malachi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mal.
Judges . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Judg. Matthew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matt.
Ruth . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Ruth Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mark
1 Samuel . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . 1 Sam. Luke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Luke
2 Samuel . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . 2 Sam. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John
1 Kings . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . 1 Kings Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acts
2 Kings . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . 2 Kings Romans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rom.
1 Chronicles . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . 1 Chron. 1 Corinthians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cor.
2 Chronicles . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . 2 Chron. 2 Corinthians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Cor.
Ezra . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Ezra Galatians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gal.
Nehemiah . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Neh. Ephesians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eph.
Esther . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . Est. Philippians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phil.
Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . Job Colossians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Col.
Psalms . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Psa. 1 Thessalonians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Thes.
Proverbs . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Prov. 2 Thessalonians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Thes.
Ecclesiastes . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Eccl. 1 Timothy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Tim.
Song of Solomon . . .... .... .... .... .... . Song of Sol. 2 Timothy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Tim.
Isaiah . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . Isa. Titus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Titus
Jeremiah . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . Jer. Philemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phm.
Lamentations . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Lam. Hebrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heb.
Ezekiel . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Ezek. James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James
Daniel . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Dan. 1 Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Peter
Hosea . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Hos. 2 Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Peter
Joel . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . Joel 1 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 John
Amos . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Amos 2 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 John
Obadiah . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Oba. 3 John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 John
Jonah . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . Jonah Jude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jude
Micah . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . Mic. Revelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rev.

Copyright (C) 2003 Terry W. Preslar All rights reserved.

No part of this publication (in the printed form or the electronic form) may be reproduced in any form, by
Photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, which are now known, or to be invented, or incorporated into
any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Terry W. Preslar – PO Box 388 – Mineral Springs, NC 28108-0388 – USA

Editor’s Preface
The Editor disclaims originality. Other men have labored, I have but entered into their labors. The results
of the study of God’s Word by learned and spiritual servants, in every division of the church and in many
lands, has netted a bounty of wonder in the matter of Bible study. The Editor has only proposed to himself
the modest task of summarizing, arranging and condensing this mass of material into a convenient form.
 The Home Bible Study Library
Bible Reader’s Concise KJV Glossary
(A Dictionary of 17th Century Biblical English Words & Expressions from the AV 1611)

This Glossary is made up of words that have appeared in my own study and needed to be defined as I
read the Bible, study helps and reference books. Some of the words are from the Bible itself or are the names
of characters who appear in the books of the Bible. Also the KJV has a large number of words that are found
to be “archaic” (only about 150), or are obscure in our day or have changed meaning modern usage.
Those who believe and read the Bible generally have a much larger vocabulary than the average person
on the street. Those who never read the Bible are often the biggest critics of the language used in it. Why
should they complain if they don’t even read it? The Bible has become an unread book like most other
informational or educational books such as encyclopedias and dictionaries. They sit on shelves and gather
dust. The best way to handle confrontation with the unknown words is to look up their definitions and learn
them. Using them in conversation in your daily life will soon eliminate the problem and increase your
enjoyment of the English language as you are blessed when you read the Word.
–A–
Abase – To make or bring low; to humble. (Luke 14:11)
Abased – Humbled. (Matt. 23:1; Luke 14:11; 18:14)
Abated – Reduced to a lower state; decreased; subsided; declined. (Gen. 8:3, 8, 11; Lev. 27:18; Deut. 34:7;
Jude 8:3).
Abhor – Despise; spurn; regard with horror. (Job 19:18-19)
Abhorring – An object of disgust. (Isa. 66:24).
Abide – wait. (Acts 20:23).
Abroad – (Adv. Judges 12:9) Out of one house, away from home, from abroad, from a distance. (1 Sam.
9:26; 1 Kings 2:42)
Abstinence – Means to refrain from. (Ex. 34:15; Acts 15:20, 29; 27:2 1; Rom. 14:21; 1 Cor. 8:4-13; 1 Peter
2:11).
Abba – Aramaic or Hebrew for “father.” (Rom. 8:15).
Abject – An outcast. (noun/adj. - Psa. 35:15).
Abraham – who lived about 4,000 years ago, the ancestor of both the Arabs and the Jews. God made a
covenant (special agreement) with Abraham that, if he remained faithful to God, he would have many
descendants and the land of Canaan would be theirs for ever (Gen. 13:15-6). Furthermore, God promised
Abraham that all people on earth would be blessed through him (Gen. 12:3). Abraham’s story is told in
Gen. 11-25.
Acceptation – Kind reception, a receiving with favour or approbation. (1 Tim. 1:14; 4:9)
Accursed – “anathema,” was a devotion to utter destruction. (Josh. 6:17-18; 7:1, 11-13, 15; 22:20; 1 Chron.
2:7).
Acquit – To hold guiltless. (Naham 1:3).
Acts – the fifth book of the New Testament. It gives a record of the early Christian Church after Jesus’
resurrection. It was written by Luke.
Adam & Eve – the first man and woman created by God. Adam was created first and then Eve was created
as a companion for him. They lived in the Garden of Eden, but after disobeying God, they were cast out
of His presence. Their story is told in Genesis chapters 2 and 3.
Adamant stone – (noun - Zec. 7:12) An extremely hard rock, possibly a diamond.
Adder – A venomous snake. (noun - Psa. 58:-5; Prov. 23:32) .
Adjure – An appeal in the most impressive manner. (1 Sam. 14:24; 1 Kings 22-16; Mark 5:7).
Admiration –Wonder, astonishment (Rev. 17:6).
Admonish – To instruct; advise, warn. (Acts 27:9-10).
Ado – Fuss, bother, bustle, trouble, tumult. (noun - Mark 5:39).
Adonai – the name for God meaning “my Lord” or “my Master.” (Gen.15:2).
Adoption – the act of God whereby He takes a person and make him legally His own child (son-places) (Ex.
2:10; 1 Kings 11:20; Est. 2-7, 15; Rom. 8:15-18, 23; Gal. 4:1-3, 5; Eph. 1:4-5; 4:12).
Adoration – Homage paid to one held in high esteem, or worship. (Dan. 3:5-6; Matt. 2-11).
Adultery – The act or wanting sexual intercourse outside one’s marriage (Ex. 20:14); a figure for idolatrous
worship. (Jer. 3:9; Ezek. 23:37; Matt. 5:27-30).
Advanced – Appointed. (1 Sam. 12:6).
Adventure – To venture or go (Deut. 28:56; Judges 9:17; Acts 19:31).
Adversary – An enemy. (Ex. 23:22; Matt. 5:25).
Advertise – (verb - Num. 24:14) Inform; advise; reveal to. (Ruth 4:4).
Advise – To deliberate, weigh well, consider. (2 Sam. 24:13)
Affect – To desire earnestly, seek after. (Gal. 4:17).
Affectioned – Disposed (Rom. 12:10)
Affections – Passions. Gal. 5:24
Affinity – (noun - 1 Kings 3:1) Relationship or alliance by marriage.
Afoot (adv. - Mark 6:33) On foot.
Afore (adv. - Psa. 129:6; Isa. 18:2) Before.
Aforetime (adv. - Rom. 15:4) Previously, formerly, of old.
Afresh (adv. - Heb. 6:6) Again, anew.
Agate – A colorful and plentiful gemstone. It can be translucent, or have integral swirls and designs. Agates
are still very popular gems and are found nearly everywhere in the world. (Ex.28:19, 39:12; Ezek.27:16).
Agone (adj., adv. - 1 Sam. 30:13) Gone by, past, ago.
Ague (noun - Lev. 26:16) A fever. A bodily shaking or shivering similar to that occasioned by terror. In the
verb form it is to cause a shivering or strike with a cold fit.
Agony – Anguish. (Luke 22:44).
Alabaster – Stalagmitic carbonate of lime used for vases and boxes for perfume and ointments. (Matt. 26:7).
Alamoth – Virgins, a musical term, denoting that the Psalm which bears this inscription was to be sung by
soprano or female voices. (Psa. 46:1; 1 Chron. 15:20).
Alleluia – Praise the Lord God. (Psa. 104:35; 105:45; Rev. 19:1).
Alleging – Proving. (Acts 17:3).
Albeit – (conj. - Phlm. 19) Although, even though.
Alexander the Great – a king of Macedonia and one of the greatest generals in history. He conquered much
of the then civilized world and brought Greek culture to those places. He lived from 356 to 323 BC.
Notable figure for Israel during the 400 “silent years” between the books of the OT and NT (Malichi and
Matthew).
Alms, almsdeeds – (noun - Acts 10:31) Acts or deeds of mercy; to give food, clothing and money to the
needy (Lev. 19:9-10; Acts 9:36).
Almug – A tree of wood, possibly sandalwood (I Kings 10.11-12)
Aloof – At a distance, but within view. (Psa. 3 8:9-11).
Alloweth – Approved, (Luke 11:48; Rom. 14:22; 1 Thes. 2:4) accept, (Acts 24:15), knoweth, (Rom. 7:15).
Alpha – The first letter of the Greek alphabet.
Altar – A raised structure to place a sacrifice offering to God.
Al-taschith – A title notation (meaning “destroy not”) (Psa. 57, 58, 59, 75).
Amazement – Terror (1 Peter 3-6).
Ambassage – Embassy, (Luke 14:32).
Amber – Used only to describe the color of divine glory. (Ezek. 1:4, 27; 8:2).
Amen – Dependable; faithful; certain; so let it be, truly, indeed. (Rev. 3-.14-15).
Amend – Mend (John 4:52).
Amerce – (verb) To punish by pecuniary penalty or fine, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left
 to the discretion of the court. (Deut. 22.19)
Amethyst – A pale blue to dark purple blue quartz like crystal, a gemstone. Used in jewelry and
ornamentations. Very much still a favorite stone today. (Ex. 28:19; 39:12; Rev. 21:20).
Amiable – Dear- lovely; beloved. (Psa. 84:1-2).
Anathema – An accursed thing; judged. (noun - 1 Cor. 16:22).
Andrew – The name means “manly.” Son of Jonah and brother of Simon Peter. (Matt. 4:1 8)
Angel – a created being who is God’s messenger and minister to mankind. (Matt. 25:41; 1 Tim. 5:21; Jude
6; Rev. 1:1).
Angel of the Lord – a pre-incarnate appearance of Jesus Christ in the Old Testament. (Gen. 16:1-13; 21:17-
19; 22:11-16; 31:11-13; Ex. 3:2-4; John 2:1; 6:12-16; 13:3-22).
Angelology – the doctrine of angels. (Ezek.6:2).
Angle – A (fish) hook. (noun - Isa. 19:8; Hab. 1.15).
Anon – (adv. - Matt. 13:20; Mark l:30). Quickly; immediately; in a short time. Used by Christ in the Gospel
of Matthew.
Anthropology – the doctrine of man. (Psa. 8:4).
Antichrist – an individual who will rise to prominence after the rapture, deceive the nation of Israel, and
bring tremendous persecution upon God’s people. (Compare 2 Tim. 3:13; Matt. 24:24; 1 Thes. 2:1-12;
1 John 2:22; Rev. 13). Also anyone denying the Father and the Son.
Apace – (adv. - Psa. 68:12) At a quick pace, swiftly.
Apple – (noun - Zec. 2:8) The pupil of the eye.
Apocrypha – a group of extra-biblical books written during the intertestamental time and rejected as non-
canonical. (Psa. 12:6-7).
Apothecary – One whose craft, science, & art prepared medicinals, perfumery, exotic ointments, embalmary,
and incenses. (Ex. 30:25; Eccl. 10.1).
Apostles – the twelve men whom Jesus chose to be with Him during His ministry on earth. They were:
Andrew, Bartholomew, James and John (sons of Zebedee), James (son of Alphaeus), Judas Iscariot,
Matthew, Philip, Simon Peter, Simon the Zealot, Thaddaeus and Thomas. After Judas’ death, Matthias
took his place as an apostle. Paul and Barnabas are also called apostles sometimes.
Apparently – Manfestly, openly. (Num. 12.8)
Approve – To prove, demonstrate (Acts 2.22; 2 Cor. 6.4; 7.11); to test, put to the proof (Rom. 2.18; Phil.
1:10).
Approved – Liked; commended; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation; having the approbation and
support of. (2 Cor. 6:4; 7:11).
Archangel – Chief angel. (1 Thes. 4:16; Jude 9).
Archer – A hunter or warrior whose skill is with the bow. (Gen. 21:20; Judges 5:11; 1 Sam. 21:17-42; Isa.
21:17).
Ark – Box, chest, ark of the covenant was a chest containing the tables of the law, Aaron’s rod, book of the
law and manna. It was made of wood and gold. (Ex. 25:10). It symbolized the presence of God. (Deut.
31:26; Ex. 16:33; 25:16-22; Num. 17:10; 1 Sam. 3:3). A boat, Noah built a ship of gopher wood 450 by
75 by 30 feet. (Gen. 6-8).
Armholes – Armpits, elbows. (Jer. 38:12; Ezek. 13:18).
Array – To put on; to clothe. (Matt. 6:27-29).
Artificer – Skilled craftsman (Gen. 4.22).
Ascension – the dramatic departure of and the return of the risen Christ from earth to heaven, which took
place forty days after His resurrection. The accounts of the ascension can be found in Acts 1:9-11; Mark
16:19; Luke 24:50-51; John 6:62.
Asp – A small and hooded serpent of the Middle East, mostly Egypt and Lybia. It is venomous and deadly
poisonous. The bite is almost always fatal. (Isa. 11:8-9).
Assay(Assaying) – (verb - Acts 9:26; 16:7; Heb. 11:29; Deut. 4:34; 1 Sam. 17-39). To try, attempt
(attempting).
Assent – To agree upon. (Acts 24:5-9).
Asswage – (verb - Gen. 8:1; Job 16:6-5) To restrain; to hold back; abate; subside; decrease; reduce.
Astonied – (verb - Ezra 9:3; Isa. 52:13-14) To bewilder, to stun, amaze, overwhelm.
Astonished – To be taken by surprise. (Acts 9:6).
Atonement – to cover, cancel, satisfactory reparation for an offence or injury; that which produces
reconciliation. (verb Ex. 30-16). A covering (for sin). The covering of man’s sins through the shedding
of blood: O.T. - the blood of animals; NT- the blood of man’s Redeemer, Jesus Christ the Son of God.
(noun - Lev. 5:18).
Attendance – Attention. (1 Tim. 4-13).
Audience – Hearing. (Gen. 23:10, 13, 16; 1 Sam. 25:24; Neh. 13:1).
Aul – The modern day spelling is Awl - (Ex. 21:6; Deut. 15:7). An iron instrument with a sharp point for
piercing holes in leather. It is also used by sail, tent, and rope makers.
Austere – As applied to a man Stern; rigid, steadfast. (Luke 19:21-22).
Autograph – an original manuscript in the author’s handwriting.
Averse – To turn away from. (Micah 2:8-9).
Avoid – To depart, withdraw, escape. (1 Sam. 18.11).
Avouch – To acknowledge as one’s own. (verb - Deut. 26:17).
Axe – A tool to chop wood, also used as a weapon. (2 Kings 6:4-7; Jer. 10:3).
Axletree – (noun -1 Kings 7:32). A piece of timber or bar of iron fitted for insertion in the homs (hubs) or
naves of wheels on which they turn. The spindle of a wheel.
–B–
Baal – The Sun god. (1 Kings 16:21).
Backbitings – Evil speakings; slanders. (2 Cor. 12:20).
Badger [Skins] – Tanned skins used to cover the holy things of the Sanctuary; not of the omnivorous
[unclean] ‘badger’ per se, but possibly of a ruminant, streaked species of antelope making fine pelts
(Num. 14).
Bag – A sack or pouch to carry belongings. (Deut. 25:13).
Bakemeats (noun - Gen. 40:17) Pastery, esp. meat pies , the works of a baker.
Balm – A medicine; odoriferous gum/rosin from a bush, (Jer. 46:10-11) applied to wounds. (Jer. 51:8)
Band – a company of men (Acts 10:1; 27:1).
Baptism – The religious ceremony by which one is initiated into the visible church of Christ. The ordinance
pictures the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ. Traditionally the word required that it be performed
by immersion but some churches pour or sprinkling and call it Baptism; even though there is no Biblical
record of any practice but immersion. Immersing the believer in water, signifies his identification with
Christ after his salvation experience. (Acts 8:38-39; Rom. 6:4; Col. 12:12).
Barbarian – (noun - 1 Cor. 14:11) A non-Greek, foreigner.
Barren – Bereaved. (Song of Sol. 4:2; 6:6).
Base – (adj. - 1 Cor. 1:28) Low, humble, meek. (2 Cor. 10:1).
Bath – Hebrew liquid measure approximating 23 litres or 5.8 gallons. (1 Kings 7:26; Ezek. 47:11)
Battlement – Retaining wall. (Deut. 22:8).
Bdellium – Might be a pearl or a substance with pearl appearance. It is quite impossible to say whether
bdellium denotes a mineral or an animal production or a vegetable exudation. A gummy resin produced
by a tree that is reddish brown in exterior color and internally clear much like glue. Slightly bitter to the
taste, but with a pleasant aroma. It is used as a perfume and as a medicine. (Gen. 2:12; Num. 11:7).
Beast – (noun - Gen. 1:24) Any kind of living creature.
Became – Was exactly suited for; was fitting. (Heb. 7:24-26).
Bed – Couch, blanket (Song of Sol. 1:16); litter, (Song of Sol. 3:7).
Beeves – (noun - Lev. 22:19) Horned cattle fit to plough.
Begotten – To have born- brought forth. (1 John 5:1).
Behalf – Account, as in ‘On this behalf’ (1 Peter 4.16)
Behaved – Stilled. (Psa. 131:20).
Behemoth – (noun - Job 40:15) A huge strong animal.
Behind – Get back, lacking. (Col. 1:24).
Belial – Worthless, wickedness; in the O.T. “Belial” is used as a proper name to refer to the Devil. (Deut.
13:13; Judges 19:22; 1 Sam. 1:16; 2:12; 10:2).
Belied – To lie against; to speak falsely. (Jer. 5:11-12).
Belly – The torso of the body. (Psa. 31:9).
Beryl – (noun - Rev. 21:20) The a precious stone so called by the Hebrew word for “tarshiysh” (Strong’s
#H8658) meaning that the color was like the Cilician Sea. (Ex. 28:20; 39:13; Song of Sol. 5:14; Dan.
10:6). A mineral, considered as a subspecies of Emerald. Its prevailing color is green of various shades,
but always pale.
Beseech – To call upon; appeal; beg. (Rom. 12:1).
Beset – To surround, enclose; to harass, obstruct, embarrass (Judges 19.22)
Besom – (noun - Isa. 14:23) A broom or brush made of twigs for sweeping.
Besought – Entreated; asked; called. (2 Cor. 12:8-9).
Bestead – (adj.) Hard pressed, oppressed, situated, circumstanced, beset; imperiled or oppressed (only at Isa.
8:21)
Bestir – To put into brisk or vigorous action (only at 2 Sam. 5:24).
Betroth – (verb - Hos. 2:19) To espouse, to be engaged.
Bestow – To gather together, to give, impart, confer (often followed by ‘upon’) (Ex. 32:29); to store, lay up,
stow away. (Luke 12:16-18).
Bethlehem – a small town 6 miles south of Jerusalem. It was the birth place of Jesus as prophesied in Micah
5:2.
Betimes – (adv. - Prov. 13:24) Quickly, soon, early, seasonably (Job 8:5)
Betwixt – Between; in an intermediate position. (Song of Sol. 1:13).
Bewitched – Amazed. (Acts 8:9, 11).
Bewrayeth (bewray) – (verb - Isa. 16:3) To uncover, to make manifest, clear, evident, betrays – often of
oneself, as by a guilty carriage or demeanour, or by an act of folly (Matt. 26:73) reveals. (Prov. 29:24).
Bewitch – (verb - Gal. 3:1) To charm or fascinate.
Bibliology – the doctrine of the Bible. (Psa. 119:140, 165; 138:2).
Billow – A swelling or heap of water. (Psa. 42:7).
Bishop – (noun - Titus 1:17) An overseer, supervisor.
Bishopric – Guardianship; office of overseeing. (Acts 1:18-20).
Bittern – (noun) Pocupine or hedgehog. Possibly a roosting heron, wild fowl, hawk, or wilderness bird;
dubiously a porcupine or hedgehog – Hebrew, ‘kip-pode’ (Isa. 14.23).
Blains – (noun) Inflamed skin swilling tumors; pustules; blisters; inflamatory sores or or boil (only in the
plural, at Ex. 9:9-10).
Blaze – Circulate information far and wide. (only at Mark 1:45)
Bolster – Long, narrow cusion or pillow (several occurences only at 1 Sam. 19:13; 26:11).
Blessed – Happy. (Psa. 1:1-2).
Bloody – Blood thirsty. (Psa. 5:6; 26:9; 139:19).
Bolled – (verb) Blossomed, in the seed or pod. (only in Ex. 9:31)
Bonnet – (noun - Isa. 3:20) Turban, headdress.
Boss(es) – Knob or protuberance of any kind (only in plural, at Job 15:26)
Botch – (noun - Deut. 28:27) An ulcer or boil.
Bottles – A container for stored liquids, usually a wineskin. (Matt. 9-.17; Mark 2:22- Luke 5:37-38).
Bottles of Wine – Wineskins. (Josh. 9:13; 1 Sam. 1:24; 10:3- 16:20; 2 Sam. 16:1; Job 32:19); heat of wine.
(Hos. 7:5).
Bound – (noun - Hos. 5:10) Landmark.
Bowels – (noun - Col. 3:12) 1) Compassionate feelings, as in ‘bowels of mercies’ , 2) Intestines, heart, (Gen.
 43:30; 1 Kings 3-26; Psa. 109:18; Song of Sol. 5:4; Isa. 16:1 1; 63:15; Jer. 31:20; Lam. 1:20- 2:11; Phil.
12-20; 1 John 3:17) hearts, (Col. 3:12; Phil. 7); affections, (2 Cor. 6:12; Phil. 2:1); anguish, (Jer. 4:19);
tender mercies. (Phil. 1:8).
Box – A jar (Matt. 26:7; Mark 14:3; Luke 7:37).
Bravery – (noun - Isa. 3:18) Beauty, splendor.
Bray – (verb) To crush as in a mortar. To pound or grind into powder (Proverbs 27:22); to make noise as
of an ass or donkey (Job 6:5).
Branch – A song. (Isa. 25:5).
Brawler – One who is inclined to fight. (1 Tim. 3:2-3).
Brayed – To groan, wall; make a foul noise. (Job 30:7).
Breaches – (noun - Judges 5:17) Bays, harbors, creeks.
Breaking up – Breaking in. (Ex. 22:2).
Breeches – (noun - Ex. 28:42; Ezek. 44:18) Trousers.
Brigadine – (noun - Jer. 51:3) A kind of armor or coat of mail (Jer. 46:4; 51:3).
Brimstone – (noun - Gen. 19:24; Psa. 11:6) Sulphur, bitumen. The element Sulfur, bitumen, especially in
molten, fuming state as by volcanic action (Genesis 19:24; Luke 17:29).
Broided – (verb - 1 Tim. 2:9) Twined, plaited, braided.
Brood – A group of young animals. (Luke 13:34).
Bruit – (noun) A report, tidings, message, clamour; rumour (Jer. 10:22; Nahum 3:19)
Brutish – (adj. Prov. 12:1) Like a brute or beast; insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; ferocious; brutal;
gross; carnal; bestial; ignorant; uncivilized; untaught.
Buckler – (noun) Small, round shield worn mainly by archers (2 Sam. 22:31; Psa. 18:2; 91:4; Job 15:26)
Buffet – To strike with a clenched fist. (Matt. 26:66-68).
Bullock – (noun - Jer. 46:21) Bull, steer, ox.
Bulwark – A defensive structure. (Psa. 48:12-13).
Bunch – Hump, bump, swelling, as hump on a camel (Isa. 30:5); group of things tied together, bundle, or
pressed cake (1 Chron. 12:40).
By and by – (adv. - Matt. 13:21) At once, immediately.
–C–
Cab – Hebrew dry measurement approximating 1.3 quarts or 1.2 litres (only at 2 Kings 6:25).
Cabins – (noun - Jer. 37:16) Prison or dungeon wall or cell (only in the plural, at Jer. 37:16)
Calamus – A sort of reed, or sweet scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. (Ex. 30:23; Song of Sol.
4:14; Ezek. 27:19).
Caldron – A pot; kettle. (Jer. 52:17-18).
Calkers – (noun - Ezek. 27:9, 27) Those who caulked the seams in ships. It was a job that required a lot of
attention to detect and caulk leaks that began as the ship’s timbers worked at sea.
Campfire – Spelling reduced to Camphor with the passing of time. It is an aromatic substance extracted
from Asian camphor trees. It has an overpowering aroma and is said to induce sweating with prolonged
exposure. (Song of Sol. 1:14; 4:13).
Candlestick – (noun - Ex. 25:31; 40:24) Lampstand.
Cankered – Eaten away with rust (James 5:3)

Canon – measuring rod or rule. (John 16:7-15).

Canonicity – a book’s right to be included in the Biblical Canon because God has determined it so. (Psa.
119:89).
Canticles – Another name for the Old Testament book of the Sing of Sol.
Carbuncle – A beautiful gem of a deep red color. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge and
becomes exactly the color of a burning coal. (Ex. 28:17; 39:10; Ezek. 28:13).
Careful – Anxious. (Luke 10:41; Phil. 4:6).
Carefully – Anxiously; (Micah 1:12) diligently. (Phil. 2:28).
Carefulness – (Sometimes) over-care, anxiety (Ezek. 12:18; 1 Cor. 7:32; 2 Cor. 7:11).
Careless – (Sometimes) free from care, secure [Judges 18.:; Ezek. 30:9].
Carnal – Of the flesh; denoting human nature. (1 Cor. 3:3).
Carriage – (noun - Isa. 10:28; 46:1; Acts 21:15) Luggage, baggage, a load.
Casement – (noun - Prov. 7:6) A window.
Cassia – A genus of plant with many species. The Biblical cassia is an oil extracted from one of these. It was
very aromatic, and used as a perfume by the Jews. (Ex. 30:24; Psa. 45:8; Ezek. 27:19).
Cast – (Sometimes) to consider; as to cast about, turn back. (Gen. 31:51)
Cast Angle – To fish with a hook. (Isa. 19:7-8).
Cast lots – To throw, as dice. (Matt. 27:35).
Caul – (noun - Isa. 3:18) Membrane covering, network (anatomy - “midriff”) in the abdomen that covers
the internal organs and intestines. In Hos. 13:8 (Heb. seghor; i.e., “an enclosure”) the pericardium, or
parts about the heart, is meant. The word is often used to describe a female hair covering similar to a net.
(Ex. 29:13, 22; Lev. 3:10, 15; Lev. 4:9; 7:4; 8:16, 25; 9:10, 19; Hos.13:8).
Cauls – (noun - Isa. 3:18) Embroidered works, networks.
Celestial – Heavenly, belonging to, related to, or dwelling in heaven. (1 Cor. 15:40).
Centurion – Commander of a hundred men. (Acts 10:1-2).
Certify – Advise. (2 Sam. 15:28).
Chalcedony – A gemstone mineral resembling white agate the color of milk diluted in water. Contains
veins, spots, and circles. (Rev. 21:19).
Challenge – To claim (Ex. 22.9).
Chambering – (noun) Sexual immorality, lasciviousness, wontoness, lewdness; an euphamism from the
sense of ‘visiting the chambers of ladies’ (only at Rom. 13:13).
Chamberlain – Eunuch, or chief servant who has care of the chambers (rooms) in a house, inn, or hotel. (2
Kings 23:11; Est. 2:3, 14-15; 11:10-11; Acts 12:20; Rom. 16:23).
Chamois – An animal of the goat or antelope kind, whose skin is made into soft leather. (Only at Deut.
14:5).
Champaign – (noun - Deut. 11:30) A plain, flat, open, level country. (only at Deut. 11:30).
Chapiter – (noun - 2 Chron. 3:15) A builder’s term, the upper part or capital of a column or pillar. (1 Kings
7:16-18, 20, 31; 2 Kings 25:17; Jer. 52:22).
Chapmen – (noun - 2 Chron. 9:14) Merchantmen – Tradesman or peddler.
Charge – (verb - 1 Tim. 5:16) To burden, to weigh down.
Chargeable – Burdensome. (2 Cor. 11:9).
Charged – Burdened; weighed down. (1 Tim. 5:16).
Charger – (noun - Num. 7:13) A bowl, dish, plate, platter. (Matt. 14:8, 11; Mark 6:25, 28).
Charitably – (adv. - Rom. 14:15) Kindly; liberally; benevolently; with a disposition to help the poor;
favorably.
Charity – Love. (1 Cor. 8:1; 13:1-4, 8, 13; 14:1; 16:14; Col. 3:14; 1 Thes. 3:6; 1 Tim. 1:5; 2-15; 4:12; 2
Tim. 2:22; 3:10; Titus 2:2; 1 Peter 4:8; 2 Peter 1:7; 3 John 6; Jude 12; Rev. 2:19).
Chaste – Untouched; undefiled. (2 Cor. 11:1-2).
Chastisement – God in love directing the Christian back to the center of God’s will for his life. (Heb.12:5-
11).
Check – Rebuke, reprimand or reproof. (Job 20:3).
Checker – variegate cover with crossing lines; branch-work, resembling the branches of palm trees. (1 King
7:17).
Chemarim(s) – (noun - Zeph. 1:4) Black-robed false priests.
Chide – To rebuke sharply; to wrangle, contend noisily; strive, angrily. (Ex. 17:2; Judges 8:1; Psa. 103:9-
10).
Choler – (noun - Dan. 8:7; 11:11) Bitterness, passionate anger, wrath.
Christology – the doctrine of Christ. (John 21:25).
Chrysolite – A gem stone with the prevalent color some shade of green. (Rev. 21:20).
Chrysoprasus – A mineral, a subspecies of quartz. (spelled CHRYSOPHRASE in the modern world). Its
color is commonly apple green, and often extremely beautiful, near the hardness of flint. (Rev.
21:19-20).
Church – (noun - Rom. 16:5) Assembly of called out ones.
Churl – (noun - Isa. 32:5) A rude, fraudulent person.
Churlish – (adj. - 1 Sam. 25:3) Cruel, stubborn.
Ciel(ed) – To overlay, cover, panel, line a room on the inside. (Hag. 1:4).
Ceiling – Lower interior wall paneling or wainscotting; superiour quality oak or esp. hard & fine wood. (1
Kings 6:15).
Circumcise – circumcision was the physical sign of God’s original covenant with His people (Gen. 17:10-
11).
Circumspect, to be – Take heed; pay strict attention, cautious, prudent; watchful on all sides; examining
carefully all the circumstances that may affect a determination; or a measure to be adopted. (Ex. 23:13).
Circumspectly – cautiously; with watchfulness every way; with attention to guard against surprise or danger.
(Eph. 5:15).
Clamour – An outcry or protest. (Eph. 4:31-32).
Claw(s) – Cloven hoof of an ox, sheep, or goat. (Deut. 14:6).
Clean – Completely. (Josh. 3:17; 4:1, 11; Psa. 77:8; Isa. 24:19).
Cleanness of teeth – (Amos 4:6) Famine, nothing to eat.
Cleft – An opening, break or splits, a crevice or narrow opening, as “of the ragged rocks” (Isa. 2:21; Obadiah
1:3). Speaks of the natural condition of the rocks.
Clemency – mildness of temper. (Acts 24:4).
Clift – An obsolete form of cleft, found in the King James Version and speaks of the prepared condition
(actively split for them) of the rocks. (Ex. 33:22; Isa. 57:5).
Cloak – Raiment; clothing. (Matt. 5:40).
Clouted – patched; in this case most likely with a piece of leather. (Josh. 9:15).
Clouts – (noun - Jer. 38:11) Patches of cloth, rags. In some cases, the definition of the iron plates fitted to
an axle tree to prevent wear, rather than that of a cloth patch. Rags were included in the things used here,
and that indicates they were padding for the iron.
Cloven – Separated; divided up. (Acts 2:1-3).
Coast – (noun - Ex. 10:4) Border or frontier of a country; border of a body of water, shore; region or area,
side.
Cockatrice – (noun - Isa. 14:29) An adder, viper, small but sharply venomous snake of dark or diamond
back colouration, frequenting rock craigs, often biting when disturbed by the unwary; and so like a
fabulous animal, a cock with a serpant’s tail..
Cockle – A noxious weed resembling wheat. (Job 31:39-40).
Codex – a forerunner of the modern book. It was made by folding several sheets of papyrus in the middle
and sewing them together along the fold. A codex was written on both sides.
Collop – A piece of flesh, lumps of meat or fat; folds of body fat. (Only at Job 15:27).
Colour – Also, pretext (Acts 27.30).
Comeliness – majesty (Ezek. 16:14).
Comely – Becoming, graceful, fitting, suitable, decent, seemly (Psa. 33:1; Eccl. 5:18; 1 Cor. 7:35; 11:13);
stately. (Prov. 30:29).
Communicate – (verb - Gal. 6:6) To share, have in common. (Phil. 4:14-15; 1 Tim. 6:18; Heb. 13:16).
Concision – (noun - Phil. 3:2) A cutting off, mutilation; a false circumcision.
Concluded – (verb - Gal. 3:22) To shut together, enclosed.
Concord – Agreement; unison. (2 Cor. 6:14-15).
Concupiscence – (noun - Rom. 7:8) A strong, coveting, abnormal and irregular desire, improper sinful lust
or passion for carnal pleasure. (Rom. 7:8; Col. 3:5-6; 1 Thes. 4:5).
Coney – Rock badger, hare, or rabbit. (Lev. 11:5; Deut. 14:7).
Confection – Compound of drugs or spices (Ex. 30:35).
Confectionaries – (noun -1 Sam. 8:13) Ointment makers, perfumers.
Confound – To ruin, put down, overthrow. (Gen. 11:7).
Confusion – Shame, used in the strong sense of destruction; ruin (Isa. 24.10; Jer. 3.25).
Consecrate – To regard as set apart or separate. (Ex. 28:3).
Consult – [Also] to consider (Luke 14.31).
Contemn – (verb) To despise with mockery or treat with contempt. (Ezek. 21:13; Luke 14.31).
Contentious – Loving quarrel; fond of strife. (Rom. 2:7-8).
Convenient – (adj. - Rom. 1:28) Fitting, proper, appropriate, becoming.
Conversant Among/with – Dwelling among. (Josh. 8:35).
Conversation – (noun - Heb. 13:7) Way, manner, mode of life.
Convinceth – Convict. (John 8:45-47).
Convocation – (noun - Lev. 23:8) A calling together, assembly.
Cony – (Lev. 11:15; Deut. 14:7) (plural Conies in Psa. 104:18 and Prov. 30:26) - a rabbit; quadruped of the
genus Lepus; short tailed and naked ears; the fur is brown in the wild state.
Coping – A building or architectural term for the top cover of a wall, made sloping to carry off the water.
(1 Kings 7:9).
Copulation – The act of coupling; embrace of the sexes in the act of generation. (Lev. 15:16-18).
Cornet – A wind instrument; horn; trumpet. (Hosea 5:8).
Cote – (noun - 2 Chron. 32:28) 1) Livestock shed, 2) Fold.
Coulter – (noun - 1 Sam. 13:20) An iron agricultural tool.
Course – (noun - 1 Cor. 14:27) A portion, allotment.
Covenant – a binding agreement between two parties.
Cracknel – (noun -1 Kings 14:3) Small dry cake, cracker.
Creation – the act of God whereby He brought all things into existence. (Gen. 1:1; John 1:1-4).
Creation, Immediate – the act of the Triune God by which He brought into existence immediately, without
the use of preexisting materials, the entire universe. (Gen. 1:2; Col. 1:7; 16; Heb. 11:3).
Creek – (noun - Acts 27:39) Bay, gulf, inlet.
Creation, Mediate – the act of God in which He does not originate things but shapes and transforms material
that is already in existence. (Acts 6:3; 2 Cor. 5:17; 1 Tim. 3:8).
Crisping Pins – curling irons. (Isa. 3:22).
Crucifixion/Crucified – the most severe method of torture and execution used by the Romans and many
other nations of the ancient world. It was used for slaves and criminals. The victim was nailed to a
wooden cross and left to die. (Matt. 27:35).
Cruse – (noun - 1 Kings 14:3) A pot.
Cubit – (noun - Gen. 6:15) Measure approx. 19-22 inches.
Cuckow – Possibly a sea gull. (Lev. 11.16).
Cumbered – To be distracted with cares; loaded, crowded, troubled, burdened. (uses in Luke 13:7 -
Cumbreth, and in Deut. 1:12 - Cumbrance in Luke 10:40).
Cummin – Plant bearing aromatic seeds. (Isa. 28:24-25).
Cunning – Learned, intelligent, skillful as of artificers or craftsmen. (Ex. 26:1).
Curious – In benign sense, artfully wrought, richly made, embroidered (Ex. 28:8; 35:32); in malignant sense
of deliberately rebelling against God by deliberate seeking disturbance of the natural order through
“communing” with evil spirits (likened to adultury), thereby becoming deceived by them (Deut. 7; Acts
8; Gal. 5, Rev.). The pagan practices are linked to demonic possession, disease and derangement of
mind. (Acts 19:19).
–D–
Dam – A mother of birds or animals. (Ex. 22:29-30).
Damnation – (noun - Matt. 23:14) Judgment.
Damned – Condemned; judged against. (Mark 16:15-16).
Dandled – Danced on the knee or in the arms as is done to amuse a child. (Isa. 66:12).
Daniel – a prophet who lived around 600 BC. The Old Testament book named after him deals with
historical events in Babylon and shows Daniel’s faith in God. It also includes visions of future events.
Darling – (Psa. 22:19-20) Only one, sole, beloved.
Daub – To cover or plaster. (Ezek. 13:10-11).
Daysman – (noun - Job 9:33) A judge, arbitrator, umpire.
Dayspring – (noun - Job 38:12; Luke 1:76-79) The dawn, an “up-rising”, hence sunrise. An Arbiter, Umpire,
Referee (Job 9.33).
Deacon – meaning “servant,” one of the two offices of the church. (Phil. 1:1).
Dead Sea Scrolls – the oldest known manuscripts of any books of the Bible. They contain all the books of
the Old Testament, except Esther. A few of these books are almost complete. They were found in the
1940s and 1950s in caves near the north-west shores of the Dead Sea. Now they are kept in the “Shrine
of the Book”, part of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
Deal, Tenth – Tithe of 10%. (Ex. 29:40; Lev. 14:10).
Dearth – A cutting off of rain. (Jer. 14:1-4). A scarcity, want, need, loss, famine. (Gen. 41:54; 2 Kings 4:38;
2 Chron. 6:28; Neh. 5:3; Acts 7:11; 11:28).
Death, Eternal – separation from God forever. (Rev. 20:15).
Death, Physical – separation of man’s material being (his body) from his immaterial being (his soul and
spirit). (Rom. 5:12-21).
Death, Spiritual – separation of the individual from God because of sin. (Isa. 59:2; John 5:25; Eph. 2:1).
Debate – Strife, contention (Isa. 58.4; Rom. 1:29; 2 Cor. 12.20).
Decline – To turn aside. (Prov. 7:25).
Defer – To delay- postpone. (Isa. 48:8-10).
Demon – The Greek word daimon is translated “devil” in the N.T. These creatures are also referred to as
“evil spirits.” Demons are thought to be angels which followed Satan in his rebellion (Matt. 9:34; 12:24;
25:41; Re. 12:7-9). capable of possessing the bodies of animals and the unsaved. (Mark 5:1-9; 1
Tim.4:1-7).
Denounce – To make known, announce, proclaim, declare (Deut. 30:18).
Derision – Ridicule; laughing at enemies’ threats. (Psa. 2:2-4).
Descry – To observe, spy out, reconnoiter (Judges 1:23).
Desire – To regret (2 Chron. 21:20).
Despite – (noun - Ezek. 25:6) Contempt.
Devil, Possessed with a – (Mark 5:18) Aramaic idiom: insane, crazy.
Devil – (noun - John 6:70) A slanderer, false accuser.
Diadem – Turban; crown. (Job 29-14).
Dial – Sundial, instrument that tells the time of day. (Isa. 38:8).
Die the death – “Surely die.” (Matt. 15:4).
Disallowed – Rejected. (1 Peter 2:2-4)
Discern – To examine, prove or test; scrutinize. (Luke 12:54-56).
Discreet – prudent; wise in avoiding errors or evil, and in selecting the best means to accomplish a purpose;
cautious; wary. (Gen.41:33, 39; Titus 2:5).
Disdain – To reject- to despise. (Job 30:1)
Dissembled – To use deceit; to feign (Josh. 7:11; Jer. 42:20; Gal. 2:13) - Dissemblers - (Psa. 26:4) -
Dissembleth - To pretend; to use deceit. (Prov. 26:24) - Dissimulation - Hypocrisy. (Rom. 12:9; Gal.
2:13) - a hiding under a false appearance; false pretension; hypocrisy. Can include the assuming of a
false or counterfeit appearance which conceals real opinions or purposes.
Dissolve – To solve (Dan. 5.16).
Divers – Different; unequal; various. (Prov. 20:10).
Dividing – Dissecting in order discrimiatingly to discern in context with the entire Scripture. (only here at
 2 Timothy 2.15).
Do to Wit – To make known (2 Cor. 8:1).
Doctor – (noun - Luke 2:46) Teacher, instructor.
Doctrine – “teaching.” (Rom.12:7; 15:4).
Doleful – Howling; shrieking. (Isa. 13:21).
Doth – To do; to produce; make. (Matt. 6:19-20).
Dote – To conduct oneself foolishly. (Jer. 50:36).
Doting – (verb - 1 Tim. 5:4) To be ill, sick, unhealthy.
Dove’s dung – (noun - 2 Kings 6:25) Has been generally understood literally. There are instances in history
of the dung of pigeons being actually used as food during a famine or for fuel during siege. (2 Kings
18:27; Isa. 36:12) This name, however, is applied figuratively by the Arabs to different vegetable
substances. (lentil?)
Dragon – (noun - Lam. 4:3, Ezek. 29:3) 1) Jackal, 2) A large reptile.
Dram – Persian gold coin, c. 128 grains [about 8.32 grams or a quarter-ounce+]. (1 Chron. 29:7).
Draught – (noun) 1) Haul of fish (Luke 5:9), 2) Outhouse, privy, gutter, sewer – perhaps openly running
along the course of a street or road – Rome had underground sewers. (Matt. 15:17).
Drave – (verb - Ex. 14:25) Drove.
Dregs – Sediment. (Isa. 51:17).
Dropsy – An illness. (Luke 14:1-3).
Drove – Flock; company. (Gen 32:15-16).
Dryshod – (adj. - Isa. 11:15) In shoes.
Duke – (noun) A head of a family or tribe. From French ‘duc’: leader, hence chief. (Gen. 36:15).
Dulcimer – Musical instrument, prob. of the bagpipe order (Dan. 3.5, 10, 15).
Dureth – (verb - Matt. 13:21) Endures, lasts.
Durst – (verb - Job 32:6) To Dared, venture. (Luke 20:37-40).
–E–
Earing – Plowing, tilling the ground. (Deut. 21:4)
Earnest – (noun - Eph. 1:14) Pledge, deposit, guarantee.
Easter – (noun - Acts 12:4) 1) Originally, it was a Saxon word (Eostre), denoting a goddess of the Saxons,
in honor of whom sacrifices were offered about the time of the Passover. 2) The central Christian feast,
celebrating the resurrection of Christ on the third day after his crucifixion.
Ecclesiology – the doctrine of the church. (Matt. 16:18; Eph. 5:32).
Edify – (verb - 1 Cor. 10:23) To build up.
Effect – Meaning (Ezek. 12:23).
Effectual – Effective service; active work. (1 Cor. 16:8-9).
El Elyon – the name for God meaning “the Most High God.” (Heb.7:1).
Elias – Elijah. (Mark 9:5).
Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani – Jesus Aramaic plea to the Father: “My GOD, my GOD, why hast thou
forsaken me?” (Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34).
El Shaddai – the name for God meaning “the All-Sufficient One.” (Gen.17:1).
Elohim – the name for God meaning “the Strong One”; “the One to be feared.” (Gen.2:2-3).
Emerods – (noun - 1 Sam. 5:6) Tumors, hemorrhoids, bowel disorder of piles.
Emulations – (noun - Gal. 5:20) Jealous rivalries.
Engine – (noun - 2 Chron. 26:15) Warlike invention or machine.
Enjoin – (verb - Philemon 8) To command, order.
Ensample – (noun - 2 Pet. 2:6) An example.
Ensign – (noun - Isa. 11:10) A banner, sign, standard.
Ensue – (verb - 1 Peter 3:11) To pursue after; to follow or come after and overtake.
Environ – (verb - Josh. 7:9) To compass, surround.
Entreat – To comfort, attempt to reconcile, help. (1 Cor. 4:11-13).
Ephah – A dry measure of about one bushel capacity. It corresponds to the bath in liquid measure. (Lev.
5:11; 19:36; Amos 8:5). In Zec 5:6-10 it is used for the utensil itself.
Ephod – (noun - Ex. 28:4) A garment worn by priests.
Epistle – A letter sent. (1 Thes. 5:27).
Ere – (prep. - Num. 11:33; Job 18:2) Before.
Errand – Oral message. (Gen. 24:33; Judges 3:19; 2 Kings 9:5)
Eschatology – the doctrine of last things. (Rev.20:4).
Eschatology, general – the study of the future of the world. (1 Thes.4:13-18).
Eschatology, personal – the study of the future of the individual. (Rev.20:6).
Eschew – To avoid; turn aside or flee from, shun, reject, despise as evil. (1 Peter 3:10-11) - Eschewed (verb
- Job 1:1) - Escheweth (Job 1:8; 2:3).
Espy – (noun - Gen. 42:27) To see, to behold.
Eternity – the attribute of God defined as His having neither beginning nor ending - That which is not
subject to the limits of earthly existence. (Psa. 41:13; 90:2; Isa.57:15).
Eunuch – A male of the human species castrated. Most often employed as servants to the female quarters
as chamberlains. (2 Kings 9:32; 20:18; Isa. 39:7; 56:3-4; Jer. 29:2; 34:19; 38:7; 41:16; 52:25; Dan. 1:3,
7-11, 18; Matt. 19:12; Acts 8:27, 34, 36, 38-39). The Lord told of three kinds of eunuchs: “For there are
some eunuchs, which were so born from their mother’s womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were
made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of
heaven’s sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it.” (Matt. 19:12).
Euroclydon – A furious, north-easterly wind. (Acts 27:13-14).
Eventide – (noun - Josh. 7:6; Isa. 17:14) The evening, evening time.
Everlasting, eternal – (Mark 3:26) Lasting or enduring for ever; existing or continuing without end;
immortal.
Every Several – Each individual; each one separately. (Rev. 21:19-21).
Exactor – Overseer. (Isa. 60:16-18).
Exhortation – Encouragement. (1 Cor. 14:2-3).
Exaltation – the act of God the Father by which He gives the Son the honor due Christ because of His deity.
(Phil.2:9).
Exercised – Made familiar (2 Peter 2:14)
Ex nihilo – a Latin phrase meaning “out of nothing.” In the study of the Bible it refers to creation. (Gen.1:3;
Heb.11:3).
Expect – To wait (Heb. 10.13).
Extol – To lift up; esteem; praise - to raise in words or eulogy; to praise; to exalt in commendation; to
magnify. (Psa. 30:1, 68:4; 145:1; Dan. 4:37).
Eyesalve – Medicine for the eyes. (Rev. 3:18).
Ezekiel – a priest and prophet who lived around 600 BC and stressed the importance of following God’s
law. There is an Old Testament book named after him which contains prophecies.
–F–
Fain – (adv.) To be willing, glad, favorably disposed, desire earnestly; long for. (Job 27:22; Luke 15:16).
Faint – To be weak through hunger, exhaustion, persecution, lack of morale or leadership in trials. (Matt.
15:32, Mark 8:3; see Luke 18:1).
Faith – the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. (Heb. 11:1-2).
Fallow – Pale, pale-yellowish, yellowish red or brown. The law required that the Israelites allow their
ground to lie fallow one year in, seven. (Deut. 14:5; Jer 4:3; Ho 10:12).
False Prophet – the member of the “unholy trinity” which demands the worship of the Antichrist and the
taking of the mark of the beast. (Rev.19:20; 20:10).
Familiars – (noun - Jer. 20:10) Intimate friends.
Famished – To have suffered hunger. (Isa. 5:13).
Fan – (noun - Luke 3:17) A winnowing fork or shovel.
Fare – To make merry; rejoice. (Luke 16:19-21).
Farthing – (Previous British monetary unit) a quarter Penney, 1/972nd of a Pound Sterling; about the price
of a small bread loaf or flatbread (Matt. 10:29).
Fast – Abstaining from food. (Matt. 6:16-18).
Fat – denotes the richest part of the animal. (Gen. 4:4). It is used figuratively for a dull, stupid state of mind
(Psa. 17:10). Large vessel; tub or vat. The Hebrew word here thus rendered is also elsewhere rendered
“wine-fat” and “press-fat”. (Isa. 63:2; Joel 2:24; Hag. 2:16).
Fatling – Fat cattle. (Isa. 11:6).
Faign/Feigned – To devise in one’s own mind, imagine (Neh. 6:8); to pretend, disguise; deceitful, false,
insincere. (Psa. 17:1).
Feller – (noun - Isa. 14:8) Hewer, one who cuts down.
Felloes – Outer rings of a wheel to which spokes are fixed, wheel rim or part of it (metalwrought) (only at
1 Kings 7:33).
Fen – (noun - Job 40:15, 21) Marsh, swamp.
Fenced – (adj. - Numb. 32:17) Fortified, protected.
Fetched a compass – (Acts 28:13) Made a circuit (nautical); circle around.
Fillets – (noun - Ex. 27:10; 38:10) Curtain rods which connect pillars or columns. Thread or cord used to
tie or fasten (Jer. 52:21).
Finer – Refiner, one who refines or purifies. (Prov. 25:4)
Firebrand – Firewood, torch. (Isa. 7:4).
Firkin – Traditional English measure of 8 gallons+ or 30 litres, perhaps equivalent to the Hebrew ‘bath’ of
6 gals or 23 litres. (John 2:6).
Firmament – Expanse or vault over the earth; sky. (Gen. 1:6-8).
Firstling – (noun - Gen. 4:4) First offspring.
Fitches – (noun - Isa. 28:25, 27) Any of ancient varieties of grain, perhaps lesser quality wheat or some
aromatic corn of a more primitive type – Chickpeas. (Ezek. 4:9).
Flag – Probably any sort of marshy reed or watery weed (Ezek. 2:3, 5; Isa. 19:6); papyrus (Ex. 2:3); kind
or iris (Job 8:11; Isa. 19:6).
Flagon – Bottle; vessel. (Hosea 3:1).
Flay – To strip. (Micah 3:1-3).
Flowers – The bloom of the plant. (Num. 17:8; Isa. 35:1; Matt. 6:29). Menstrual discharge, from Latin
‘flow’ (Lev. 15:33).
Flux – (noun - Acts 28:8) An intestinal disease; dysentery. The act of flowing, passing as a fluid. Medically
an issue or evacuation from the bowels or other part; as the bloody flux of dysentery.
Footman – Foot soldier; distinguished from the soldier on horseback or in a chariot. (Jer. 12:5).
Folden – (Nahum 1:10) Interwoven.
Forbearance – Self-restraint. (Rom. 2:3-4).
Forborne – Ceased. (Jer. 51:30).
Foresaw – Beheld. (Acts 2:24-25).
Forgiveness – means the removing of our sin due to God’s graciousness. This is all made possible through
Christ (Ephesians 1:7). Read also Exodus 34:6-7 and Psalm 103:10-12. The New Testament makes it
clear that the forgiven sinner must forgive others.
Former – (adj. - Zec. 14:8) Eastern.
Fornication – (noun - Gal. 5:19) Sex outside of marriage.
Forsaken – To leave in an abandoned condition. (Psa. 22:1-2).
Forswear – (verb - Matt. 5:33) To swear falsely.
Forthwith – (adv. - Acts 9:18) Immediately, at once.
Forward, to be – To wish; to desire; to purpose. (2 Cor. 8:10-11).
Foursquare – Squared; four cornered. (Ezek. 40:47).
Fowls – Birds. (Matt. 6:26).
Fowler – (noun - Psa. 91:3) Bird catcher.
Frame – To contrive (Judges 12:6).
Fray – (verb - Jer. 7:33) The Biblical use is to terrify; to make afraid, to scare or frighten. (Deut 28:26; Zec
1:21).
Freely – (adv. - 2 Cor. 11:7) Undeserved.
Fret – To eat, gnaw away, corrode; eat in (as an ulcer does); festering, leprosy (Lev. 13:51, 55; 14:44). To
tease, irritate, make angry. To be grieved; troubled; displeased. (Psa. 37:8-9).
Froward – (adj. - 1 Peter 2:18) Unreasonable, cross, perverse, disobedient (Deut. 32:20; Prov. 16:28).
Fuller – (noun - Mal. 3:2) Primitive launderer, dresser or thickener of cloth – by wet-beating and perhaps
with diatomaceous earth.; one who washes wool or clothes. (Mark 9:2-3).
Furlong – (noun - Rev. 21:16) Approximately 1/8 mile (660 feet; 202 yards). (Luke 24-13-14).
Furniture – (Of a more general nature than modern usage) equipment, implements, or accouterments (Gen.
31:34; Ex. 31:7).
–G–
Gabriel – one of God’s angels used to make special announcements. (Dan.8:15-27; 9:20-27; Luke 1:8-20,
26-38).
Gaddest – (verb - Jer. 2:36-37) To wander, go about restlessly, roam idlely. To have roamed about without
purpose; to have gone away.
Gainsay – (noun - Rom. 10:21) To speak against, contradict; to oppose in words; to deny or declare not to
be true what another says; to controvert; to dispute; applied to persons, or to propositions or facts. (Luke
21:15; Titus 1:9; Acts 10:29; Jude 11).
Galbanum – A ceremonial oil extracted from a Middle Eastern plant. It has a fine blue color that changes
to purple when exposed to the air. (Ex 30:34).
Gall – (noun) Literally & figuratively (after the better secretions of the gall bladder): [lit. or fig.] anything
bitter (Job 20:14); venom or poison (Deut. 29:18).
Gape – To open wide the mouth. (Psa. 22:11-13).
Garlands – An ornament of flowers, fruits and leaves intermixed; used at the gates of temples where feasts
and solemn rejoicings were held. (Acts 14:13).
Garner – (noun - Luke 3:17) A place to store grain.
Garnished – (verb - Luke 11:25) Set in order, adorned.
Garrison – A guard, watch or patrol. (2 Cor. 11:32).
Gazingstock – That at which is stared with amazement, wonder, or contempt. (Nahum. 3:6; Heb 10:33).
Gehenna – (noun - James 3:6) The Valley of Hinnom.
Gender – To engender, breed, beget, or produce. (Lev. 19:19; 2 Tim. 2:23).
Gentiles – (noun - Gen. 10:5) Nations other than Israel.
Gerah – Hebrew monetary weight or coin = one twentieth of a shekel = perhaps, 18 mg or half an ounce of
silver; some several hours of wages.
Ghost – (noun - Matt. 28:19) Spirit. Oxford gives this word as: ‘The soul or spirit as the source of life’ (Gen.
25:8); hence, ‘Holy Ghost’ (Acts 19:6).
Gier Eagle – Perhaps the Egyptian vulture; a ritually “unclean” bird in Mosaic Law, forbidden to be used
as food (‘gier’ = vulture, in Old English). (Lev. 11:18; Deut. 14:17).
Gin – (noun - Psa. 140:5) Snare, noose, trap.
Girdle – Belt. (Mark 1:5)
Girt – To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as with a twig, a cord, bandage or cloth; as, to
gird the loins with sackcloth. (John 21:7).
Gittith – Only as the title of Psalm 8; Psalm 81 and Psalm 84, perhaps it is supposed to refer to a musical
instrument so called, either as being common among the Gittites or an inhabitant of Gath. (See 2 Sam.
6:10-11; 15:18), among whom David for some time resided. Similar to the Gittite guard, the 600 men
who followed David from Gath, under Ittai the Gittite. (2 Sam. 15:18-19).
Glass – (noun - 1 Cor. 13:12) A mirror.
Glede – A ritually “unclean” bird in Mosaic Law. (Deut. 14:13).
Glister – To shine; to be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant. (1 Chron. 29:2; Luke 9:29).
Goad – A pointed stick. (Eccl 12:11).
Gob – Pit or ditch, a place mentioned in 2 Sam. 21:18-19; called also Gezer.
Godhead – (noun - Acts 17:29) Deity, the nature of God.
God save the king – (2 Sam. 16:16) “Let the king live.”
God speed – (noun - 2 John 10) A greeting with hope & joy.
Goodman – (noun - Luke 12:39) Master of the house, head of a family.
Goodness – God’s bountiful dealing with mankind. (Rom.2:4).
Gopher Wood – The wood of which God instructed Noah to build the ark; perhaps ceder, fir, or cyprus.
(Gen. 6:14).
Gospel – (noun - Matt. 4:23) A word of Anglo-Saxon origin, and meaning “God’s spell”, i.e., word of God,
or rather, according to others, “good spell”, i.e., good news.
Gourd – Plant similar to modern usage; perh. also the castor oil plant (the colocynth) or similar fast-growing
vine-leafed plant (Jonah 4:6-10); some gourds are poisonous, as are parts of the castor oil plant (2 Kings
4:38-40).
Greaves – (noun -1 Sam. 17:6) Defensive armor for the legs; a sort of boots.
Grace – the unmerited goodness and love of God for those who have forfeited it. (Rom. 3:24-31; 5:15, 17).
Graff – To graft. The union thus of branches to a stem is used to illustrate the union of true believers to the
true Church. (Only in Rom. 11:23).
Graven – To cut or engrave. (Job 19:23-24).
Greeks – Hellenic Jewish Proselites, non-Jewish pagan or Christian ethnic Greeks, or Jews from the Greek
colonies (esp. from Alexandria, in Egypt). (John 12:20-21).
Grisled – (adj. - Gen. 31:10; Zec. 3:3) Spotted, speckled.
Great White Throne – the final judgment of the lost to determine their degree of punishment in the Lake
of Fire. (Rev.20:11).
Gross – (adj. - Matt. 13:15) Thick; bulky; particularly applied to animals; fat.
Guile – Deceit; craftiness. (John 1:46-48).
–H–
Habergeon – (noun - Neh. 4:16) A coat of mail or armor to defend the neck and breast. It was formed of
little iron rings united, and descended from the neck to the middle of the body. (Ex 28:32; 39:23; 2
Chron. 26:14; Job 41:26).
Hades – (noun - 1 Cor. 15:55) NT Equivalent to Hebrew Sheol. (Matt. 11:23; 16:18; Luke 16:23; Acts 2:27;
Rev. 1:18; 6:8; 20:13).
Haft – (noun - Judg. 3:21-22) A handle; the Hilt of a dagger. (Judges 3:22).
Hale, haling – (verb - Luke 12:58; Acts 8:3) To draw, drag or pull with force.
Hallelujah – It is never written as such in the text; but is the marginal note for the phrase “Praise ye the
LORD...!” (the combination of two Hebrew words = H1984 + H3050). Frequently rendered “Praise ye
the LORD,” stands at the beginning or end of ten of the psalms (Ps 105:45; 106:1; 106:48; 111:1; 112:1;
113:1; 146:1; 148:1, 149:1; 150:1); hence called “Hallelujah-Psalms.” From its frequent occurrence it
grew into a formula of praise. The Greek form of the word (alleluia) is found in Rev. 19:1, 3-4, 6.
Hallowed – (verb - Luke 11:2) Made holy, sanctified.
Halt – (adj. - Mat. 18:8; John 5:3) Lame, crippled in the feet; a person so; to limp ( fig. to vacillate); to stop.
(Mic. 4:6-7; Zep. 3:19)
Hanameel – Hebrew, “God is Gracious!”; a tower in Jerusalem’s walls named for the son of Shallum,
Jeremiah’s uncle, of whom the prophet, while in prison, during the time when Jerusalem was besieged
by the Chaldeans, bought a field with due formalities, in token that a time would come when house and
vineyards would once more be bought in the land (Jer 32:6-15).
Hap/Haply – (noun - Ruth 2:3) A Saxon word for chance, fortune – Happenstance.
Hard – By; beside; next to, near, close. (1 Kings 21:1).
Harness – A word of Celtic origin meaning defensive armour; to fit horses. (1 Kings 22:34; 2 Chron. 18:33).
Harp – The national instrument of the Hebrews. It was invented by Jubal (Ge 4:21). Most think the word
denotes the whole class of stringed instruments. (Gen. 31:27; 1 Sam. 16:23; 2 Chron. 20:28; Psa. 33:2;
137:2).
Hart – A fallow-deer or roebuck; a hind (fit for food). (Psa. 42:1).
Haughty – Proud; arrogant; lifted up. (Psa. 131:1).
Haunt – (verb -1 Sam. 30:31) To inhabit, to visit. To go or resort habitually; place therefore.
Heady – Reckless; hasty- headstrong. (2 Tim. 3:1-4).
Heath – (noun - Jer. 17:6; 48:6-7) “Naked thing,” barren plant, shrub or tree. Also the word “Shalom” is
part of the formal salutation still common in Palestine. In this sense it is used in Gen. 43:28; 2 Sam.
20:9.
Heathen – (noun - Lev. 25:44) Nations.
Heaven – the eternal abode of the saved. (Heb.12:1-2).
Heed – To be careful to consider. (Matt. 6:1-2).
Hell – the present abode of the lost eventually to be cast into the Lake of Fire. See Sheol (Hebrew), Hades,
Gehenna (Greek) (Matt.25:41-46).
Helve – (noun) The wood handle of an axe or hatchet. (only at Deut. 19:5).
Hemlock – Bitter, poisonous herb growing in field furrows or wild & marshy places (Amos 6.12).
Henceforth – From this time forth- from now on. (Isa. 9:7).
Heretic – One who causes divisions, factions. A person who holds and teaches opinions repugnant to the
established faith, or orthodoxy. (Titus 3:10-11).
Herewith – With this. (Ezek. 16:28-29).
Hewn – Cut. (Matt. 7:18-20).
Higgaion – Musical notation from the root ‘haagaah’, suggesting solemnly marked meditation, not
neccesarily without joy (only at Psa. 9.16, preceeding the emphatic ‘Selah’).
Hill-country – The ridge of hills ranging from Jezreel to Beersheba, peaking at about 3,000 feet or 1,000
meters, near Hebron, herbage & shrubbery covered, lower slopes of which are beautifully fitted for grape
vine cultivation, and the valleys thereof very fertile. (Josh. 13:6; 21:11; Luke 1:39, 65).
Hin – (noun - Ex. 29:40) Hebrew liquid measure between 3.75 - 4.00 litres, nearly a gallon.
Hinder – Latter; rear; behind. (Zec. 14:8).
Hip and Thigh – Without stint, overwhelmingly. Samson smote the Philistines “hip and thigh” (Hebrew
“leg upon thigh”), which was indicative of “a great slaughter” (Judges 15:8).
Hireling – A laborer employed on hire. (Isa. 16:14).
Hoary – White or gray with age. (Job 38:28-29; Prov 16:31).
Hoise – To lift, raise, hoist by tackle. (Acts 27:40).
Holden – Held. (Isa. 42:14-15).
Holiness – the attribute of God defined as His total separation from sin and evil. (Lev.20:26; Rom.12:16).
Holpen – (verb - Psa. 86:16-17; Luke 1:54) Helped.
Horn – (noun - Psa. 112:9) Symbol of strength - metaph.
Horseleach – Blood feeding leach, sometimes attaching to mouth or snout of horse while drinking. The
word occurs only once, in Prov. 30:15.
Hosanna! – (intj. - Matt. 21:9) “Save now!”, “Save, I pray!”
Hosen – (noun - Dan. 3:21) Leg coverings; tunics; under garments.
Hosts – (noun - Psa. 24:10) Armies.
Hough – To hamstring, i.e., sever the “tendon of Achilles” of the hinder legs of captured horses, so as to
render them useless. (Josh. 11:6; 2 Sam. 8:4; 1 Chron. 18:4).
Hour – Hourly time periods or watches, the first hour corresponding to modern 6:00 a.m. Compare to Mark
6.48, where the ‘watch’ is of the Roman division of hours instead.
Humiliation – those self humbling desires that caused Jesus Christ to leave the glories of heaven, live on
this sin-cursed earth, and die on an old rugged cross. (Phil.2:5-8).
Husbandman – (noun - Gen. 9:20) A farmer; one who tills the ground. (Joel 1:10-11).
Husbandry – (noun - 1 Cor. 3:9) Tilled land.
Hyssop – Wild marjoram bush, used for ritual purifier instrument to sprinkle; used for utility instruments
similarly; pungent medicinal herb. (Lev. 14:4, 6, 52; Num. 19:6, 18; Heb. 9:19)
–I–
Ignominy – (noun - Prov. 18:3) Public disgrace; shame; contempt; dishonor.
Illumination – God’s teaching the Christian the truths of His Word. (John 1:9; 8:12; Eph.1:18; Heb.6:4;
10:32).
Imagery – Idolatry, worship of images (Ezek. 8.12).
Implead – Accuse, sue in court (Acts 19.38).
Immanence – the attribute of God defined as His working with His creation. (Isa.57:15; Eph.4:6; Col.1:7).
Immanuel – the name for Jesus Christ meaning “God with us.” (Isa.7:14; Matt.1:23).
Immortality – Incorruption; an imperishable state. (1 Cor. 15:54).
Immutability – the attribute of God defined as His unchangeableness the quality that renders change or
alteration impossible; invariableness. Immutability is an attribute of God. (Psa. 102:24-27; Isa. 46:9-10;
Mal.3:6; Heb 6:17-18; James 1:17).
Impenitent – Without remorse. (Rom. 2:5-6).
Implacable – Unyielding; obstinate. (Rom. 1:28-31).
Importunity – (noun - Luke 11:8) Persistence, lack of modesty; shamelessness. A pressing solicitation;
urgent request; application for acclaim or favor, which is urged with troublesome frequency or
pertinacity.
Impute – To reckon or count. (Rom. 4:8).
In any wise – (Deut. 22:7) Surely, certainly.
In No Wise – By no means; assuredly not. (Matt. 5:17-18).
Incarnation – the coming of Jesus Christ to earth as a baby. (John 1:14; Rom.8:3; 1 Tim.3:16).
Incontinent – Unbridled; uncontrollable. (1 Cor. 7:5; 2 Tim. 3:1-3) not restraining the passions or appetites,
particularly the sexual appetite; indulging lust without restraint or in violation of law; unchaste, lewd.
Inditing – (verb - Psa. 45:1) Boiling, bubbling, overflowing; committing to words in writing; dictating what
shall be written.
Inerrancy – the Bible is without error throughout. (Matt.1:23; 2 Cor.8:9).
Infinity – the attribute of God meaning that He is not limited by space. (Deut.33:27; Rom.1:20; Tim.1:17).
Ingathering – Harvest – a time in Israel for great rejoicing by thanksgiving to God. (Ex. 23:16; 34:22).
Iniquities – (noun - Heb. 10:17) Lawless deeds or acts.
Inkhorn – (noun - Ezek. 9:2) Inkstand.
Inordinate – (adj. - Col. 3:5) Excessive and ungoverned; without restraint; immoderate. (Ezek. 23:10-11).
Inspiration – “God-breathed.” (Job 32:8; 2 Tim.3:16).
Instant – (verb - Luke 23:23; 2 Tim. 4:2) To be insistent, urgent, steadfast; be ready, on hand. (noun - Luke
2:38) Time, moment, hour, season.
Iron – The metal [Fe]; a pointed weapon – perhaps a metal-tipped spear (Job 41:7).
Isaiah – a prophet who lived about 700 BC. In the Old Testament book which bears his name, there are
prophecies foretelling Jesus’ coming. (2 Kings 19:2; 20:1; 2 Chron. 26:22; Isa. 1:1; 2:1; 6:1; 7:3; 13:1;
20:2; 37:2; 38:1; 39:3; Matt. 3:3; 4:14).
Israel – This term for God’s Nation uses ‘EL’ [GOD] for YHVH; variously rendered, but generally
signifying rulership of YHVH. (Ex. 6:7; Num. 23:9; Deut. 4:37; 2 Sam. 7:23; Psa. 135:4; Isa. 43:1; 45:4)
–J–
Jacinth – A precious species of very bright, clear, and translucent gem. (Rev. 9:17; 21:19-20).
Jah – The respectful-familiar form of the personal proper noun for God, LORD or JHVH, as JEHOVAH,
(Pronounced with the Latin = long ‘Y’, “YaH”) [as HALLELUJAH]. (Psa. 68:4).
James (the Greater) – Surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was
one of the twelve apostles, brother of John the evangelist, and son of Zebedee and Salome. (Matt. 4:21;
 27:56). He and his brother John were called Boanerges, meaning “sons of thunder” (Mark 3:17); perhaps
on account of their power as preachers. Some suppose it was given on the occasion of their request that
Christ would call for fire from heaven, and destroy a village of the Samaritans, which had refused to
entertain them. (Luke 9:53-54).
James (the Just) – “The Lord’s brother,” (Gal. 1:19); a brother a Christ, being a son of Joseph and Mary;
(eventhough many think, a cousin of Christ). He resided at Jerusalem, (Acts 15:13); and is called “the
Just” by Josephus, and said to have been stoned to death, about A. D. 62. The epistle of James is ascribed
to him.
James (the less) – Called “the less” to distinguish him from James above. He was the son of Alphaeus and
brother of Matthew. (Mark 15:40).
Jangling – (verb - 1 Tim. 1:6) Vain or foolish talk.
Jasper – A precious gemstone of the agate type that yields itself to an excellent polish. (Ex. 28:20; Ezek.
28:13; Rev. 4:3).
Jehovah – Hebrew formal personal proper NAME of LORD, denoting His Diety in the absolute sense; ‘I
AM THAT I AM’ or ‘The Eternal I AM’ [as the primative Hebraic verb root ‘to be’]: YHVH
[Compound of Hebrew letters, technically ineffable, may be pronounced “YaHVeH”; but other
pronunciations may be credible], ‘Yod-Heh-Vau-Heh’ [Latin pronunciation of ‘J’ = ‘Y’] ; in AV
combined with the Masoritic Jewish Hebrew scholars] vowels of ‘Adonai’ (Lord) to form the compound
JEHOVAH (Ex. 6:3, Psa. 83:18; Isa. 12:2; 26:4); combined with words denoting specific Divine
character in Gen. 22:14; Ex. 17:15; and Judges 6:24; and elswhere translated LORD. The exact
pronunciation is speculative, because Hebrew contained no vowels originally, and because the Yod letter
was apparently sometimes pronounced hard, sometimes soft.
Jeremiah – a prophet who lived around 600 BC. There is a book in the Old Testament named after him in
which Jeremiah tried to reform the life of the Jews and spoke of the individual’s relationship with God.
He also warned of the Babylonian invasion.
Jesus – The proper name of our Lord denoting His humanity. (Matt. 21:11; Mark 1:24; 14:67; 16:6; Luke
18:37; 24:19; John 1:45; 18:5; 19:19; Acts 2:22; 3:6; 4:10; 6:14; 10:38; 22:8; 26:9)
Jesurun – God’s affectionate name for Israel, sometimes to remind them of the responsibilities incurring
from the honour thereof, meaning “The Upright.” (Deut. 32:15; 33:5, 26; Isa. 44:2).
Jewry – The inhabitants of Judaea, whether Judahites or others purported as Israelites. (Dan. 5:13; Luke
23:5; John 7:1).
Job – is the central figure of the Old Testament book which bears his name. This book is the story of Job’s
suffering, the lessons God taught him from it and his ultimate salvation.
John – One of the twelve apostles and brother of James, son of Zebedee. The name means “Jehovah’s Gift,”
from the Hebrew Johanan. Son of Zebedee and brother of James. (Matthew 4:21). He called himself “the
beloved”. He was inspired by God to write the fourth Gospel and the 3 letters bearing his name and the
Revelation, the last book of the New Testament cannon.
John Mark – The writer of one of the four gospels. He is the same person who is mentioned by the names
of John and Mark in Acts 12:12, 25; 13:5, 13, and as the cousin and disciple of Barnabas, (Col. 4:10).
He was also the companion of Paul and Barnabas in their journey through Greece to Antioch, Perga, and
Pamphylia, at which last place he left them and returned to Jerusalem, much to the dissatisfaction of
Paul. (Acts 13:5, 15:37-39).
John the Baptist – The last Old Testament prophet and the first New Testament preacher who lived from
around 4 BC to around 30 AD. The forerunner of our Lord Jesus Christ, was the son of Zacharias and
Elisabeth, and was born about six months before Christ, at Juttah, (Luke 1:39), according to tradition
about four miles west of Jerusalem. (Isa. 40:3; Mal. 3:1; 4:5; Matt. 3:3; 11:14). He urged people to
repent of their sins and baptized them in the River Jordan.
Joined – To border- to be adjacent to. (Acts 18:6-7).
Jonah – The book in the Old Testament named after him tells how God called Jonah to prophesy to the
people of Nineveh. It was written about 400 BC.
Josephus – a Jewish historian who wrote a 20 volume history of the Jews from their beginning to the end
of Nero’s reign. He was the governor of Galilee when war broke out between the Jews and the Romans
in 66 AD.
Jot – (noun - Matt. 5:18) The smallest Hebrew letter.
Judas Iscariot – The apostle who betrayed Jesus. Called Iscariot, probably because he was from the village
of Kerioth (Joshua 15:24). He was the treasurer (money-keeper) of the apostles. He was the son of
Simon. (John 6:71; 12:4)
Jude – This is the Hebrew form of the Greek Judas. He is also called “not Iscariot” to distinguish him from
the traitor Judas (John 14:22), Lebbaeus (Arabic for “root”), and Thaddaeus (Hebrew root for “heart”).
Judgment seat of Christ – the event when Christians stand before God to be rewarded for their
accomplishments. (Rom.14:10-12; 1 Cor.3:11-15; 2 Cor.5:9-10).
Justice – the attribute of God whereby He carries out the laws He has implemented. (Isa.28:17; John 3:19;
Rom.1:18).
Justification – the judicial act of God whereby He declares the guilty sinner to be righteous and free from
guilt and punishment. (Rom.5:1-2; 5:9-11).
Justify – To pardon and clear from guilt and merited punishment, and to accept as righteous on account of
the merits of the Saviour, or by the application of Christ’s atonement to the offender in New Testament
Scriptures. (Ex. 23:7; Deut. 25:1; Job 9:20; Isa. 5:23; Luke 10:29; Rom. 3:30; Gal. 3:8).
–K–
Kerchiefs – (noun - Ezek. 13:18) Veils, coverings for the head.
Kine – (noun - Ex. 41:2) The plural of cow - cattle. (Gen 41:2-4, 18-20, 26-27; Deut. 28:18, 51; 1 Sam. 6:7,
10, 12, 14; 2 Sam. 17:29; Amos 4:1).
Kingdom of God – (noun - Luke 17:20-21)The terms kingdom of heaven and kingdom of God emphasize
two aspects of the same kingdom. Kingdom of God reminds us that God is the ruler of the kingdom.
(Matt. 6:33). See “Kingdom of Heaven.”
Kingdom of Heaven – (noun - Matt. 4:17) The terms kingdom of heaven and kingdom of God emphasize
two aspects of the same kingdom. Kingdom of heaven reminds us that the kingdom originates from
God’s throne in Heaven. (Matt. 13:47). See “Kingdom of God.”
Kin – Family. (Mark 6:4).
Kinsmen – Neighbors; relatives. (Psa. 38:9-11).
Kite – A rapacious and keen-sighted bird of prey belonging to the hawk family – A Falcon. (Lev. 11:14;
Deut. 14:13).
Knops – (noun - Ex. 25:31, 33, 35) Decorative ornaments; a tufted top; a bud; a bunch; a button; a knob. (1
Kings 6:16; 7:24; Ezek. 25:31).
Kurios – the New Testament Greek name meaning Lord. (Rom.10:9; 1 Cor.12:3).
–L–
Lace – Band, cord, thread, wire used as a fastener (Ex. 28:28).
Lade – To burden; to load. (Luke 11:46).
Ladeth – Burdens; loads. (Hab. 2:6).
Lake of Fire – the final abode of the lost, the place prepared for the Devil and his angels. (Matt.25:41;
Rev.20:10, 15).
Lama – Hebrew or Aramaic meaning ‘why’ (See Jesus’ plea in Matthew 27.46; Mark 15.34).
Lancet – Small spear or dart (1 Kings 18:28).
Languish – Wither- to be made weak. (Isa. 24:3-4).
Legalism – the process of adding anything (baptism, church membership, communion, etc.) to faith as a
means of obtaining grace. (2 Cor.3:6; Gal.2:21-3:3).
Lasciviousness – (noun - Eph. 4:19) Unbridled sensuality; looseness; irregular indulgence of animal desires;
wantonness; lustfulness. (Mark 7:22; 2 Cor. 12:21; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 4:19; 1 Peter 4:3; Jude 4).
Latter – Last. (Job 19:25).
Laud – (verb - Rom. 15:11). To praise.
Laver – (noun - Ex. 30:18) Vessel contaiing water for [esp, ritual] washing or cleansing, for the priests to
wash their hands & feet before offering Sacrifice (Ex. 30:18); in the Tabernacle it stood between the alter
and the door (Ex. 30:17-21). In Solomons Temple, besides the molten sea, there were ten lavers on
wheels, with bases (1 Kings 7:27-39) used for washing the animals which were to be sacrificed (2 Chron.
4:6).
Leasing – (noun - Psa. 4:2; 5:6) Falsehood, deceit.
Ledge – Cleats for joining boards, etc. (1 Kings 7.28); shelf (1 Kings 7:35).
Lees – (noun - Jer. 48:11; Zeph. 1:12) Sediment or dregs. Also sheltered: calm; a place defended from the
wind. (Isa. 25:6).
Let – (verb - 2 Thes. 2:7) To hinder or obstruct; also conversely, to allow (understand contextually).
Letters (Epistles) – the 21 books of the New Testament from Romans to Jude, also known as “Epistles”.
They were formal and instructive, many being written by the apostle Paul to the Christian congregations
he founded.
Leviathan – Large aquatic or semi-aquatic animal, e.g, the whale [which God enjoys: [Psalm 104.26], Large
Nile crocodile (Job 41:1-34) or monestrous animal which can be symbolic of Satan, the devil (Isaiah
27:1); also from prehistoric beasts which may have existed in remnant or lore until a late period.
Levy – Israelite men conscripted as work battalion (1 Kings 5:13); Canaanites conscripted to do hard labour
(1 Kings 9:15-23); To give tribute from spoils of war such as slaves or livestock (Num. 31:28).
Lewdness – Bad, wicked, evil, culpably ignorant or unlearned (Acts 17:5; 18:14-15); Lascivious (Ezek.
16:27).
Liberal – (adj. - Isa 32:5) Noble.
Libertine – In benign sense of the former slave who had been set free (emancipated for his loyal service,
good character, or own purchase) (Acts 6:9).
Lien – To have layed or reclined; Euphemistically for the sexual sense [Gen. 26.10]; To lie or recline (Psa.
68:13)
Lign-aloes, Lignaloes – Agalloch trees, pleasant to contemplate, whose soft resinous wood was burned as
a perfume (Num. 24:6); gum is sometimes extracted from such trees to compound incense, perfumes,
ointments.
Ligure – A kind of precious stone said to have been of a deep and brilliant red color, with a tinge of yellow,
and transparent. (Ex. 28:19; 39:12).
Liking – A good state of body; healthful appearance; plumpness. (Job 39:4; Dan. 1:10).
List, listeth – (verb - Mark 9:13; John 3:7-9) To please, to choose.
Lively – Living; active; vigorous (Ex. 1:19; Psa. 38:19; Acts 7:38; 1 Peter 1:3; 2:5).
Loins – The lower back or waist. (Matt. 3:4).
Log – (Lev. 14:10) Approx. 0.6 U.S. liq. pints.
Lord’s Day – The name occures only in Rev. 1.10; the first day of the week is meant, being the day of our
Lord’s resurrection, and also the day on which the Holy Spirit came upon the apostles.
Lot – Portion; destiny; fate. (Psa. 46:5).
Love – the attribute of God whereby He is moved to communicate His concern for the ultimate welfare of
others. (Prov. 10:12; 1 Cor. 13:1; Gal. 5:13; Phil. 1:9; 1 Thes. 4:9; 1 Peter 4:8; 1 John 2:10; 4:21)
Loweth – (verb - Job 6:5) To moo, the sound a cow makes.
Lowring, lowering – (verb - Matt. 16:3) To appear gloomy, overcast; as: “...dark clouds lowering toward
the ground.”
Lucifer – “Shining or bright one”, “light bringer” = the Angel who rebelled against God in his high beauty,
power, and intelligence to become the fallen Satan – “that old serpant, which is the devil” – the name
for Satan in his original position as an angel. (Isa. 14:12; 1 John 4:8, 16 – see Rev. 20:2).
Lucre – (noun - 1 Tim. 3:2-3) Gain in money or goods; profit; usually in an ill sense, or with the sense of
something base or unworthy. (1 Sam. 8:3; 1 Tim. 3:3,8; Titus 1:7, 11; 1 Peter 5:2).
Lust – To desire legitimately or sinfully, depending on context. (Prov. 6:25; Matt. 5:28; Rom. 13:4; Gal.
5:16; Col. 3:5; 1 Thes. 4:5; 2 Tim. 2:22; James 1:15; 1 Peter 2:11).
Lusty – Large, fat, stout (Judges 3:29).
–M–
Maimed – Crippled, or deprived of some member. (Matt. 15:30).
Magnifical – Grand; splendid; illustrious, magnficent. (1 Chron. 22:5).
Malice – Ill-will; badness. (1 Peter 2:1-2).
Malefactor – Evildoer, criminal. (Luke 23:32-33; 23:39; John 18:30).
Malignity – Malicious disposition (Rom. 1:29)
Mammon – (noun - Matt. 6:24) Earthly goods; property; riches in which one trusts. (Personified in Matt.
6:24; Luke 16:9, 11, 13).
Mandrakes – A plant of Spain, Italy and the East to which was attributed, probably without reason, the
power of rendering barren women fruitful. It is a narcotic and its fresh roots are a violent cathartic. (Gen
30:14-16; Song of Sol. 7:13).
Maneh, Mina – Hebrew unit of weight and measure of money, usu. in silver or gold, subdivided into 50
shekels, approx. 571 grams or 20.2 oz. (Ezek. 45:12).
Manifest – To make openly known; appear. (1 Tim. 3:16).
Manna – Hebrew word for the food which GOD provided the Israelites during the exodus from Egypt,
during some forty years, until they reached their inheritance in the land of Canaan; described as the food
of angels, manna was waferlike, sweet as mild honey, and prepared in various ways as a whole food in
itself. ‘Man did eat angels’ food’ (Psa. 78:25); thereby connecting man & angels, in similitude, as sons
of God. (Ex. 16:4, 15, 33; Num. 11:6; Josh. 5:12; Neh. 9:20; John 6:31; 1 Cor. 10:3; Rev. 2:17).
Mansions – (noun) Abiding places as stated by Jesus in His wonderful words of John 14.2.
Mantle – A kind of cloak or loose garment to be worn over other garments. (Judges 4:18; Isa. 15:27; 28:14;
1 Kings 19:13, 19; 2 Kings 2:8, 13-14; Ezra 9:35; Job 1:20; 2:12; Psa. 109:29; Isa. 3:22).
Manuscript – a hand-written record, an exact copy of an original book of the Bible from before the
invention of printing, which can often be identified with a certain period of history by the material on
which it is written. (2 Tim. 4:13).
Marish – Low ground, wet or covered with water and coarse grass; a fen; a bog; a moor. (Ezek. 47:11).
Masoretic text – the basic Hebrew text of the Old Testament, used for centuries in schools and synagogues.
It was produced by the Masoretes, a school of rabbis in Palestine and Babylonia in the eighth and ninth
centuries AD who were the preservers of the Old Testament writings.
Maranatha – (1 Cor. 16:22) “O Lord, come!”
Masteries – (noun - 2 Tim. 2:5) Athletic contests, games.
Masteries, Strive For – To compete; contend. (2 Tim. 2:5).
Matrix – (noun - Ex. 13:12) Womb.
Matthew – He was also called Levi, a Hebrew word meaning “gift of Jehovah.” Also called the Publican.
He was the son of Alphacus. (Mark 2:14) Brother of James the less.
Mattock – (noun - Isa. 7:25) A tool to grub up weeds or roots; a grubbing hoe.
Matter – (noun - James. 3:5) Wood.
Maul – (noun - Prov. 25:18) A very heavy hammer, mallet or club.
Maw – (noun - Deut. 18:3) A cow’s stomach and liver considered as fit for food; sweetmeats.
Mazzaroth – Stars or planets. (Job 38:32).
Meat – (noun - Gen. 1:29) Any food Any sustaining food (not just flesh), including bread or any other
prepared grain or seed, fruit, flesh, etc. [Genesis 1.29; Isaiah 62.8].
Mean – Obscure- insignificant. (Acts 21:39).
Mediator – One who intervenes between two parties. (1 Tim. 2:5).
Meet – (adj. - Mark 7:26-27) Agreeable, fit, proper, qualified (Deut. 3:18); Fitting, becoming, proper (Matt.
3:8).
‘Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin’ – Aramaic for the grave warning from the Hand of the God of Judgement
in Deut. 5:26-28: ‘He has counted, counted, weighed, and then divided.’
Mercurius – The Roman fabled idol considered the “god” of communication and commerce, a swift footed
 youth holding the torch – after pagan times considered nonreligiously as artistic figure, along with the
other Greek & Roman counterparts; but in pagan times implements of the devil to harm man and
blaspheme GOD; the LORD “winked” at the practices of befudled pagans whose conscionces knew no
better, and judged them by the “Law” written in their hearts (Acts 14:12; See 17:30 & Rom. 2:14-16).
Mercy – God’s compassion for the sinner ln not giving him what he deserves. (Heb.4:12; 8:12; James 5:11;
1 Peter 1:3).
Mess – (noun - Gen. 43:34) Portion, gift – a dish of food.
Messiah – meaning “Anointed One,” it is the Old Testament name for Christ. (Psa. 1:2; Isa. 11:1-5; 42:1-7;
61:1-3; Dan. 9:25-26; Matt. 16:16; John 4:25-26).
Mete – (verb - Ex. 16:18) To measure; to deal out. (Mark 4:24).
Meteyard – A yard, staff or rod used as a measure. (Lev. 19:35).
Michael – the only archangel in the Bible; his name means “he who is like God.” (Dan. 10:13, 21; 12:1;
Jude 9; Rev. 12:7).
Micah – a prophet who lived in the late 700s BC and whose name means “who is like the Lord”. There is
a book in the Old Testament which bears his name. Through him God spoke about people being more
concerned with ceremonies than with true godliness; about oppression of the poor; about true and false
prophets and about the Messiah coming from Bethlehem.
Milch – Milk producing cows. Giving suck; milking. (Gen. 32:13-15; 1 Sam. 6:7, 10).
Millennium – the one thousand-year reign of Christ on earth. (Rev. 20:2-7).
Millet – A small-grained cerial grass and the seeds thereof (Ezek. 4:9).
Mincing – Making short, quick steps; tripping. (Isa. 3:16).
Minish – (verb - Ex. 5:19; Psa. 107:39-40) To diminish or be made few.
Minister – Servant; helper (Ex. 24:13; Josh. 1:1; Mark. 10:43; Acts 13:5). To serve; to assist (Ex. 28:1;
Mark. 10:45). To Suppy (2 Cor. 9:10; Eph. 4:29).
Ministration – Service. (2 Cor. 3:7-8).
Miracles – mighty acts of God that cannot be explained through the known laws of nature.
Mirth – Gladness; rejoicing. (Psa. 137:3).
Mite – (noun - Mark 12:41-42; Luke 12:59) A very small Jewish coin, about the amount of a large roll or
flattish loaf of bread (pita).
Mitre – (noun) A Turban. A Headdress worn by the High Priest (Ex. 28:4) (ordinary priests wore bonnets
– white raised, full coverings).
Moist – Fresh & not stale; Undried, as fresh grapes (Num. 6:3).
Mollify – To alleviate or soothe or be softened; to be tender. (Isa. 1:6).
Morrow – (noun - Zep. 3:3) Morning.
Mortify – To put to death; to take away. (Rom. 8-13).
Mote – (noun - Luke 6:41) A small dry particle, speck or straw (Matt. 7:3).
Muffler – An ornament worn by women. Veil or scarf – A wrapper for the lower part of the face or mouth.
(Isa. 3:18-19).
Munition – (noun - Isa. 29:7) A fortress, stronghold.
Murrain – (noun - Ex. 9:3) Pestilence, plague; an infectious and fatal disease among cattle.
Mustard – A large annual plant which grows quite fast. Its seeds were once thought to be the smallest in the
plant world. (Matt. 13:31; Mark 4:31; Luke 13:19).
–N–
Napkin – Handkerchief, small utilitarian cloth carried on the person. (John 20:7)
Nathanael (Bartholomew) – The name means “gift of God,” and is from the Hebrew. He was likely the son
of a man named Tholomew. (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:14; John 1:45-51; Acts 1:13). There is no
further reference to him in the New Testament.
Naught – Nothing; vain; bad. (2 Kings 2.19; Prov. 20:14).
Naughtiness – Wickedness (1 Sam. 17:28; Prov. 11:6; James 1:21).
Naughty – Bad, worthless: in the serious, strong sense (Prov. 6:12; Jer. 24:2).
Naves – Wheel hubs (only at 2 Kings 2:19).
Nay – The declarative ‘no’, still used today in legislatures, jurisprudence, poetry, oratory, and in the German
tongue. (Gen. 18:5; Luke 13:3, 5).
Nazareth – a quite insignificant town in northern Israel, in the Roman province of Galilee. It was the home
of Jesus during his early years.
Nebuchadnezzar – the King of Babylon from 605-562 BC. Nebuchadnezzar set up many building projects
and, under his rule, Babylon became one of the world’s most magnificent cities. He also captured and
destroyed Jerusalem.
Necromancer – One who purports to contact persons of the dead (which is impossible since they rest
awaiting resurrection to Heaven or damnation on Christ’s coming), forbidden by God as blasphemous
human presumption, traffic with demons, and fraud (Deut. 18:10-11).
Neesings – (noun - Job 41:18) Sneezes.
Nephew – Grandson (Hebrew usage was broader, the vocabulary being limited; and, of a woman, lineage
was sometimes reckoned from the brother or, ‘legally’ by adoption of the husband into the wife’s family,
(as of Mary, Luke 3:23, where ‘was’ replaces ‘begat’ of Joseph’s natural lineage of Matt. 1:1-17) (Judges
12:14; Job 18:19; 1 Tim. 5:4).
Nether – (adj. - Ex. 19:17; Josh. 16:3) Lower or under, as opposed to upper.
Nethermost – (adj. - 1 Kings. 6:6) Lowest.
Nigh – Near. (Matt. 24:32-33).
Nineveh – the last capital of the ancient Assyrian Empire, situated on the east bank of the River Tigris. In
612 BC it was captured and destroyed and was not discovered by archaeologists until the 1800s.
Nitre – A salt, called also salt-peter ( stone-salt). In modern nomenclature, nitrate of potash. It is a white
substance, and has an acrid, bitterish taste. (Prov. 25:20; Jer. 2:22).
No little kindness – Exceptional kindness. (Acts 28:1-2).
Noisome – (adj. - Psa. 91:3) Noxious, hurtful, injurious.
Not a whit – Not the least bit. (2 Cor. 11:5).
Nought, set at – (Mark. 9:12) To be despised.
Noisome – Noxious, hurtful, evil (Ezek. 14:15, where poss. allegorical or type of peoples).
Nothing – Not at all (1 Kings 10:21; 1 Tim. 4:4; James 1:5).
Novice – One newly planted in the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith. (1 Tim. 3:6).
Nursing fathers – (noun - Isa. 49:23) Foster fathers, guardians.
Nurture – Raising, bringing up, education, disciplne (Eph. 6:4).
–O–
Oblation – (noun - Lev. 7:29) Offering, anything offered in sacrifice.
Obstinate – Stubborn. (Isa. 48:4-5).
Obeisance – Bowing, obedience, doing of homage. (Gen. 37:7, 9).
Occupiers – (noun - Ezek. 27:27) One who trades or traffics. Traders, exchangers.
Occupy – (verb - Ezek. 27:9) To do business, trade. To spend the time profitably in using or employing (See
Jesus’ Luke 19:13).
Occurrent – Chance, occurence (1 Kings 5:4).
Odious – Hateful; deserving hatred. It expresses something less than detestable and abominable; as an
odious name; odious vice. (1 Chron. 19:6; Prov. 30:23). Offensive to the senses; disgusting; as an odious
sight; and odious smell.
Offscouring – Scum; filth. (1 Cor. 4:11-13).
Oft – Often. (2 Cor. 11:23).
Omega – The last letter in the Greek alphabet (cf., ‘alpha’ the first letter; See Jesus’ Rev. 1:8).
Omer – Hebrew dry measure of volume, a tenth of an Epha, about 22 litres or quarts. (Ex. 16:36).
Omnipotence – All powerful, all mighty. God’s ability to do what He wills to do everywhere He wills to
be. (Job 42:1-2; Jer.32:17; Matt.19:26; Rev. 19:6).
Omnipresence – God’s ability to be everywhere He wills to be. (Psa. 139:2; Jer.23:23-24, 1 Kings 8:27).
Omniscience – God’s ability to know what He wills to know. (Psa. 139:2; Isa.40:26; 46:10; Rom.11:23).
Onycha – An ingredient of the sacred incense, whose fragrance perfumed the sanctuary. This is supposed
to be the odiferous shell of the onyx-fish. (Ex. 30:34).
Onyx – A semi-transparent gem with variously colored zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony. (Gen. 2:12;
Ex. 35:9, 27; 1 Chron. 29:2; Job 28:16; Ezek. 25:13).
Oracle – (noun - 1 Kings 6:5) The inner sanctuary; the “Holy of Holies” of the Temple; the place where the
answers were given. (Psa. 28:1-2).
Ordain – To form; appoint; settle; place. (Psa. 8:3-4).
Osee – Anglicised Greek for Hosea (Rom. 9:25).
Ossifrage (Ospray) – A large bird of prey, e.g., an hawk, buzzard, vulture, or eagle; carrion feeders that the
Israelites were forbidden to eat. In Leviticus 11:13 it denotes a different fowl. (Deut 14:12).
Ouches – (noun - Ex. 28:13-14) The bezels, sockets, mountings in which a precious stone or seal is set. (Ex.
28:11, 25; 39:13, 16, 18).
Ought – (noun - Gen. 39:6) Anything, whatever.
Outgoings – Goings forth or out; furthest limits or boundaries. (Pas. 65:8).
Outlandish – Foreign, in sense of heathen (Neh. 13:26).
Outwent – To go before, in advance; outstripped, outdistanced, outrun. (Mark 6:32-33).
Overcharge – Overburden. (Only in 2 Cor. 2:5).
Overlived – (verb - Josh. 24:31) To outlive.
–P–
Paddle – (noun - Deut. 23:13) A small spade, shovel.
Palmerworm – Any destructive caterpillar (Joel 1:4).
Paper Reed – The Papyrus reed, which used to cover the Nile marshes and still plentiful along isolated
African rivers, pounded and joined to make paper (Isa. 19:7).
Paps – (noun - Ezek. 23:21) Breasts; bosoms; nipple(s). (Luke 11:27-28).
Paramour – A male or female lover. (Ezek. 23:19-20).
Passover – The Jewish festival which celebrates the Israelites’ flight from slavery in Egypt in about 1200
BC (Ex. 12:1-28) and a sort of type of Christ (1 Cor. 6:7). The Passover celebrations are held in March
or April each year.
Pastor – meaning “shepherd” it is one of the two offices of the church. (Jer. 2:8 Acts 20:28; Eph.4:11; 1
Peter 5:2).
Pate – (noun - Psa. 7:16) Crown of the head, scalp.
Pater – The New Testament name for God meaning “Father.” (Luke 11:2; John 1:12).
Patrimony – (noun - Deut. 18:8) Inheritance of father’s status as head of household having legal rights of
household dominion; legal inheritance of paternal property implying respect, piety, and obligation; right,
estate or the possessions inherited from one’s ancestors on the father’s side.
Peculiar – Unique, special, honorably and affectionately particular (Ex. 19:5; Deut. 14:2).
Penury – The state of being needy, want of property; indigence, extreme poverty. (Prov. 14:23; Luke 21:4).
Peradventure – Perhaps, perchance, it may be. (Gen. 18:24-32; Rom. 5:7).
Peter – a leading apostle of Jesus. His original name was Simon but Jesus gave him the name Peter, meaning
“rock”. He was a leader of the early Christian community.
Peeled – (adj. - Isa. 18:2) Bald, bare, smooth.
Peradventure – (adv. - Gen. 31:31; 2 Tim. 2:24-25) by chance; perhaps; it may be. (Genesis chapters 18,
24, 27, 31, 32, 38, 42, 43, 44, 50; Exodus chapters 13, 32; Numbers chapters 22, 23; Josh. 9:7; 1 Sam.
6:5; 9:6; 1 Kings 18:5, 27; 2 Kings 2:16; Jer. 20:10; Rom. 5:7).
Perdition – (noun - 1 Tim. 6:9) Utter ruin, loss, destruction.
Persecute – To pursue after in order to overtake. (Psa. 10:2-3).
Philip – The name comes from the Greek and means “lover of horses.” He may have been a Jewish-Greek
as he was approached by the Greeks in John 12:21.
Philo – A leader of the Jewish community in the early part of the first century AD. He wrote on
 philosophical and theological subjects.
Phylactery – Frontlets. Parchment enclosed in leather and worn on the forehead and wrists or arm,
containing the vital Commandments of the LORD, by literal interpretation of Deut. 6:6-8. (Matt. 23:5).
Piety – Filial affection (1 Tim. 5:4).
Pilate – the Roman governor at the time of Jesus’ crucifixion. He governed Judea from 26-36 AD. Jesus was
put on trial before Pilate who wanted to release Him, but was afraid of losing his office.
Pill – (verb - Gen. 30:37-38) To strip off skin or bark. To peel.
Pit – Frequently symbolic, as when derived from various Hebrew words, of trap, spiritual anguish, the grave,
corruption, destruction, ditch, Sheol (‘hell’, abode of the dead awaiting resurrection to life or to
damnation, Paradise or gehenna), and found vividly in Psalms (Job 33:18; Psa. 28:1; 30:9; 88:4; 143:7;
Isa. 14:15; 38:17; Ezek. 26:20; 32:18).
Pitch – To arrange as troops for battle; a resin from conifer trees; bitumen or tar. A thick, dark, sticky
substance. (Isa. 34:8-9).
Plaister – (noun - Isa. 38:21) Plaster, hence (medicinally) to apply as an emollient: lay for a plaister.
Plaiting – Folding, doubling, braiding. (1 Peter 3:3).
Plat – Plot, small patch of ground. (2 Kings 9:26).
Platted – Braided; intertwined. (Matt. 27:28-29).
Plenary – used of inspiration. It emphasizes that every word of the Bible is inspired. (Prov. 30:5; Isa. 40:8;
2 Tim. 3:16).
Pneumatology – the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. (John 14:26; 15:26; Rom. 8:26-27).
Poll – (noun - Num. 3:47; 1 Chron. 23:3) The head. (verb - 2 Sam. 14:26; Ezek. 44:20) To shave or shear
hair short.
Polytheism – the belief in more than one “god.” (Ex. 20:3; 1 Kings 18:21-24; Isa. 43:11; 44:24).
Pommel – An apple-like globe on top of a structural column (2 Chron. 4:12).
Ponder – To consider carefully consider or meditate. (Luke 2-18-19).
Port – Gate, portal (Neh. 2:13)
Porter – (noun - John 10:3) Gate keeper.
Post – (noun - Job 9:25; Jer. 51:31-32) A courier or runner, messenger (2 Chron. 30:6; Job 9:25; Jer. 51:31);
a supporting pillar or upright wooden, stone or steel (1 Kings 6:33; Isa. 6:4).
Potsherd – (noun - Job 2:8; Psa. 22:14-15) A piece of broken earthware.
Pottage – A thick soup of vegetables (Gen. 25:29; 2 Kings 4:38); broth, in which meat is seethed.
Pound – Term of value representing a significant sum to the common man, of an English pound sterling
(silver) at the translators’ time (Luke 19:16).
Pourtray – To Portray or depict (Ezek. 4:1; 8:10).
Pransing – Prancing, even vigorous action as of the horse in war (Judges 5:22).
Prating – Babbling; chattering. (Prov. 10:8-10).
Presbytery – (noun - 1 Tim. 4:14) An assembly of elders.
Pressfat – Vat for collecting oil or wine from the fruit press (Haggai 2:16).
Principality – The highest dignitary of the State. (Titus 3:1).
Prised – Price, or priced at (See Zec. 11:13, of our Lord)
Privily – (adj. - Matt. 1:19) Secretly, by stealth. (1 Sam. 24:4).
Privy (Being Privy) – Being aware or knowledgeable of (Acts 5:1-2). Taking place secretly [Acts 5.2]; Inner
chamber, as for royalty with counsellors, or an inmost part, room, or place (Ezek. 21:14); the male penis
(Deut. 23:1).
Profound – To go deep into something. (Hosea 5:1-2).
Prognosticator – Foretellers of the future. (Isa. 47:12-13).
Propitiation – The atonement or atoning sacrifice offered to God to assuage his wrath and render Him
propitious to sinners. Christ is the propitiation for the sins of men. (Rom. 3:25; 1 John 2:2; 4:10).
Propitious – (Not in Scripture, but included here for further magnification of the definition of the word
above). Applied to God: Disposed to be gracious and merciful; ready to forgive sins and bestow
 blessings.
Prospect – (noun - Ezek. 40:44) Face.
Prophet – (noun - Matt. 1:22) One who spoke God’s word.
Proselyte – Convert. (Acts 6:5-6).
Provender – Feed sometimes mixed for domestic animals; livestock or cattle. (Gen. 24:23-25; 32).
Psalm – (noun - 1 Cor. 14:26) Song, melody, hymn.
Psaltery – A stringed instrument or harp shaped like a bag or small wineskin with the contents drained out
(Dan. 3:5, 7).
Publican – (noun - Matt. 5:26; 46) Tax-farmer, i.e., one, usually a Jew in Palestine, hired out by the Romans
to collect taxes, paid by a percentage of the take: commonly perceived as dishonest, and oft despised by
the people.
Pulse – (noun - Dan. 1:12) Seed food of a legumous plant, as a sort of bean, lental or pea.
Punishment – God in wrath,(righteous indignation giving the sinner what he deserves . (Psa. 9:17; 16:10).
Purchase – To acquire by pursuit, to seek and thus obtain (Acts 20:28; 1 Tim. 3:13).
Purloining – (verb) With inference of deceitful machinations: stealing, robbing or pilfering, stealing;
committing literary theft; plagiarism. (only in Titus 2:10).
Purtenance – (noun - Ex. 12:9) The entrails, heart, liver, lungs of an animal.
Putrifying – Pertaining to gangrene; decaying. (Isa. 1:6).
Pygarg – Perhaps the addax, a large light-colored antelope with curled horns, from the root ‘to spring’
(Deut. 14:5). Some have thought it to be a fowl of the falcon species.
–Q–
Quaternion – (noun - Acts 12:4) A group of four
Quick – (adj. - Heb. 4:12) Vital, alive, living.
Quicken – (verb - Eph. 2:1) To make alive.
Quit – (adj. - Ex. 21:28) To behave well, as in battle; to acquit or set free from blame.
Quit You like Men – To show one’s self a man. (1 Cor. 16:13-14).
–R–
Rabbi – Aramaic for master, in the sense of teacher (See Matthew 23.7-8)
Rabboni – My great teacher, master. (John 20:15-17).
Raca – Aramaic for empty, worthless (used as term of derision in Matt. 5:22)
Rahel – Rachel. (Jer. 31-15).
Rail – To utter reproaches; to scoff; to use insolent and reproachful language; to reproach or censure in
contemptuous terms; followed by at, against, on. (2 Chron. 32:17; 1 Sam. 25:14; Mark 15:29; Luke
23:39).
Raiment – (noun - Matt. 6:25) Clothing, apparel, covering.
Rampart – A low outer wall; fortification. (Lam. 2:8).
Rank – (adj. - Gen. 41:5) Fat.
Range – To roam in search of prey (Prov. 28:15).
Ranges – Ranks of soldiers (2 Kings 11:8, 15).
Rapture – Christ’s coming in the air for His Saints. (1 Cor. 15:51-58; 1 Thes. 4:13-18).
Ravening – Preying with rapacity; voraciously devouring; as a ravening wolf; eagerness for plunder. (Psa.
22:13; Ezek. 22:25, 27; Matt. 7:15; Luke 11:39).
Ravin – (noun - Nah. 2:12) That which has been torn.
Ravin – (verb - Gen. 49:27) To prey with greed.
Ravish – To rape; lie with; humble. (Isa. 13:15-16).
Rebuke – To reprimand- strongly warn; restrain. (Luke 19:37-40).
Reconcile – To conciliate anew; to call back into union and friendship the affections which have been
alienated; to restore to friendship or favor after estrangement; as, to reconcile men or parties that have
been at variance. (Lev. 6:30; 1 Sam. 29:4; Ezek. 45:20; Eph. 2:16; Col 1:20).
Redound – To exceed; to be over and above. (2 Cor. 4:14-15).
Reed – Hebrew measure of length of 6 cubits or (roughly, authorities vary) 2.66 meters (8.75 feet) (Ezek.
40.3).
Reins – (noun - Psa. 73:21) The kidneys, thought to be the seat of human self-control, restraint, government;
the seat of affections. (See Psa. 7:9; 16:7 and Rev. 2:23; c.f., Lam. 3:13).
Remission – Forgiveness. (Matt. 26:27-28).
Rent, rend – (verb - Isa. 64:1-2; Mark 15:38) To split, tear, break apart; to rent one’s garments was to
express great emotion, sorrow, or outrage (Jer. 4:30).
Renown – A great name or well-known. (Gen. 6:4).
Replenish – (verb - Gen. 1:28; 9:1) To restore, refill, repopulate [f. GK ‘plenum’]; to completely fill (where
‘ re-‘ acts as the Eng. intensive). Bullinger, Dake, & Murray agree that the earth was made void, that our
Holy Bible takes up from there, at that point, and ensuing regeneration; but the vast majority do not own
so and consider Creation of the earth to be unique, without predecessor.
Repent – (verb - Matt. 4:17; Acts 2:38) To change one’s mind or purpose.
Repentance – a thorough change in the thinking process regarding sin. It is a turning from sin to God. (Mark
1:15; Luke 13:1-5; 5:32).
Reproach – Disgrace; shame. (Prov. 14:34).
Reprobate – (adj. - 2 Cor. 13:5) Not enduring proof or trial not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed;
rejected. In the case of persons: abandoned in sin; lost to virtue or grace; abandoned to error, or in
apostasy. (Jer. 6:30; Rom. 1:28; 2 Tim. 3:8; Titus 1:16).
Reproof – A scolding; rebuke. (Prov. 15:5).
Reprove – To chastise, reprove, rebuke, correct; hence reproof (Psa. 50:8; Prov. 9:8); to reply (Psa. 38:14).
Rereward – (adj. - 1 Sam. 29:2; Isa. 52:12) At or towards the rear. Rearward, rear guard of an approaching
army.
Resurrection, Christ’s – the act by which Jesus Christ, of His own will, came back to life bodily after His
death and burial. (Psa. 16:8-11; Acts 2:24-31).
Resurrection, The first – the resurrection of the saved. (John 5:28-29).
Resurrection, The second – the resurrection of the lost. (Rev.20:4-6).
Revelation – the last book of the New Testament, revealed to the apostle John. It contains messages to the
churches and visions of the future, depicting the end of the present age. Its Greek title means God’s
“unveiling” or “disclosure” to man of the hidden things, known only to God, about Himself that man
could not know otherwise. (Psa. 19:1; Matt.16:17; Rom.1:20).
Revelation, general – God’s revelation of Himself in creation, through history, and in a man’s conscience.
(Dan.4:17).
Revelation, special – God’s revelation of Himself through His Word and in His Son Jesus Christ. (1
Cor.2:14; Rom.10:17; 10:13-15).
Reverence – To show respect or fear. (Eph. 5:31-33).
Ribband – Ribbon to trim or decorate a garment. (Num. 15:38).
Rie – Rye; the hardy wheat-like grain with pungent flavour. (Isa. 28:24-25).
Righteousness – that attribute of God by which He always does that which is right. (Phil.1:3-11; James
1:20).
Rigour (Rigor) – Strictness; exactness without allowance, latitude, or indulgence. (Ex. 1:13-14; Lev. 25:43,
46, 53).
Ringstraked – (adj.) Marked with bands or stripes – Having circular streaks or stripes (Gen. 30:35), where
the LORD prospers Jacob’s animal husbandry, which similar method was reputed to take place in Japan
to breed white pidgeons.
Road – (noun - 1 Sam. 27:10) A raid, attack – Swathe of acquirement, as by warfare.
Roller – Long, wrapped bandage to bind a wound (Ezek. 30:21).
Round – To trim the hair short round about the head (Lev. 19:27).
Rue – A well-known garden herb, having a strong odor and a bitter taste. (Luke 11:42).
Ruth – the name of an Old Testament book which tells the story of Ruth, a Moabite woman who married
 an Israelite. After the death of her husband, Ruth devoted herself to her mother-in-law and became a
follower of Israel’s God.
–S–
Sabachthani – Aramaic, ‘Hast thou forsaken me?’ (Jesus’ cry in Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34).

Sabbath – the day of rest; cessation from work. God completed the creation of the universe in six days.
Therefore, God requires us to set one day apart for worship and rest. Christians set Sunday apart, as this
is the day upon which Jesus rose from the dead. (Ex. 20:9-10).
Sabaoth – Epithet of GOD connoting His Dominion over the Hosts of Heaven, the obedient angels who
Love Him, and His absolute rulership over all; often in Heb. ‘ YHVH Tsabaoth ‘, LORD of Hosts [Rom.
9.29; James 5.4 – in the O.T. read ‘of Hosts’, Isaiah 18:7; see Haggai 2:4-11).
Sackbut – From the Aramaic, a musical wind instrument of ‘twisted’ piping, a primitive trombone (Daniel
3).
Sacrifice – the offering of the blood or flesh of an animal to God as payment for sin or to show gratitude.
By offering an animal to God, the Hebrew people were giving another life in place of their own. God
demanded that they offer Him the best – a young unblemished male animal.
Sacrile – (to commit) To rob temples. (Rom. 2:22).
Saffron – The stigmae (pollen receiving part of the pistil) of a crocus, expensive, carmen-red and
delightfully and peculiarly flavoursome & coloring bright orangish yellow; which might generally
connotate goodly similarly colored spices, e.g., turmeric (wholesome mild spice found in curry) or the
similarly derived zedoary (‘an aromatic gingerlike substance made from the rootstock of E. Indian plants
of the genus Curcuma and used in medicine, perfumery, and dyeing’); the volatile essential oils of spices
necessary for high quality are easily lost by evaporation, and so were expensive to preserve and highly
apprecated for flavour and scent. (Song of Sol. 4:14).
Sanctification – the quality of being set apart from the world and unto God’s service. (Rom.6:19-22; 1
Thes.4:3).
Saint – (noun - Phlp. 4:21) A holy or separated one.
Salutation – A greeting. (Mark 12:38-40).
Sanctify – (verb - Ex. 13:2; Ezek. 37:27-28) To make sacred or holy, to set apart.
Sapphire – A very hard gemstone, second only to the diamond. Colors can be blue, red, violet, yellow,
green, white or transparent. Some reflect as a star, others radiate like a cat’s eye. (Ex .24:10; Job 28:16;
Lam. 4:7; Ezek.1:28; Rev. 21:19).
Sardine (Sardius) – Sard, gemstone of yellow or orange-red cornelian or chalcedony. One of these was in
Aaron’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17; Rev. 4:3).
Sardonyx – A gemstone; a reddish yellow or orange colored agate with an undulating surface. (Rev. 21:20).
Satan – (noun - Psa. 109:6; Matt. 16:22-23) The adversary.
Satiate – To fill; to satisfy appetite or desire; to feed to the full, or to furnish enjoyment to the extent of
desire. To gratify desire to the utmost. (Jer. 31:14; 46:10).
Satyr – (noun - Isa. 13:21; 34:13-14) “Hairy one”, animal; a he-goat.
Savour – A smell; taste; odor. (Matt. 5:13).
Scabbard – (noun - Jer. 47:6) A sheath of a sword.
Scall – A scaly skin eruption; scab, scabbiness, leprosy. (Lev. 13:30-37; 14:54-57).
Schism – A division or separation in a church or denomination or among Christians, occasioned by a
diversity of opinion; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith. In Scripture, the word
seems to denote a breach of charity, rather than a difference of doctrine. ( Noah Webster) (1 Cor 12:25).
Scour – To whip; flog. (Acts 22:25-26).
Scrabble – To scribble or scrawl (1 Sam. 21:13).
Scrabbled – (verb - 1 Sam. 21:13) To scribble, scrawl.
Scrip – (noun - Luke 9:3) SCRIP: A knapsack or pouch for carrying travellers’ or shepherds personal
essentials. Our Lord teaches us to be dependent on Him and to prepare for the time of trial. (compare
 Luke 10:4 with 22:35-36).
Scripture – (noun - Matt. 28:56; 2 Tim. 3:15) Writing, something written.
Season – To salt whether internally – to season with salt, or externally – to rub with salt (Lev. 2:13). A time
or while. (Heb. 11:25).
Second coming of Christ – Christ’s coming to the earth with His saints to begin His millennial rule.
(Matt.24-25; Acts 1:11; 1 Thes.4:13-18).
Sect – (noun - Acts 5:17; 26:4-5) A group or division; a choice, opinion, party.
Seethe – (verb - Ex. 16:23; Ezek. 24:3-5) To cook, to boil; to prepare food by boiling. (Deut 14:21; 2 Kings
4:38; Zec. 14:21).
Selah – A musical instruction meaning a pause, to reflect upon that which came before or which follows,
for a meditational attitude. (Psa. 9:16) – following the meditative ‘Higgaion’, apparently to connote
meditative emphasis. (Hab. 3:3, 9, 13).
Selvedge – (noun - Ex. 26:4; 36:11) The end or edge of a cloth, where it is closed by complicating the
threads; a woven border, or border of close work.
Sepulchre – A place of burial; grave. (Matt. 23:27).
Septuagint – the oldest Greek translation of the Old Testament. It is believed that an Egyptian king had
seventy Jewish scholars translate the Torah (Tawrat) for the benefit of Greek-speaking Jews. This
translation began around 250 BC. The most famous manuscripts of the Septuagint are the Vaticanus, the
Alexandrinus and the Sinaiticus.
Serjeant – Sargeant, a Roman lictor – ‘an officer attending the counsel or other magistrate, bearing the
fasces [symbol of senatorial authority, a bundle of tied reeds or rods encasing an axe], and executing
sentence on offenders’ (Acts 16:35)
Servile – (adj. - Lev. 23:8) Laborious.
Servitor – Attendant; he who performs as a servant. (Only in 2 Kings 4:42-43).
Settle – (noun - Ezek. 43:14) A ledge around the altar.
Sevenfold – Multiplied by seven. (Isa. 30:26).
Severally – (1 Cor. 12:11) Individually.
Shadow of death – (Psalm 23:4) “Deep darkness.”
Shambles – (noun - 1 Cor. 10:25) Slaughter house’s meat marketplace, often connected in NT times with
sacrificial ritual, as the Muslim’s utterance upon slaughtering an animal.
Shamefacedness – (noun - 1 Tim. 2:9) Modesty, bashfulness.
Share – From ‘shear’, a farm implement for that purpose (Only at 1 Sam. 13:20).
Sheaf – Bundle of grain. (Gen. 37:6-7).
Sheepcote – (noun - 2 Sam. 7:8) Pasture, habitation of flocks.
Shekel – Hebrew unit of weight equal to about 11.42 g or 0.4 oz. Before the 4th & 3rd centuries BC, when
coinage was being introduced by the Persians followed by the Greeks, and minted in Jerusalem under
Simon Maccabaeas (although precursers of coinage existed from at least the 7th century BC): the shekel
was the standard of money weighed out in silver, unless otherwise specified in gold.
Sheriff – One knowledgeable in the law. (Dan. 3:3).
Sheol – (noun - Eccl. 9:10) Beyond the Grave, death; the unseen state.
Sherd – (noun - Isa. 30:14) A fragment. (see Potsherd)
Shew, shewing – (verb - Gen. 12:1) To show, reveal, or display openly for view.
Shewbread – Loaves of unleavened bread (lit. ‘bread of the face’ or ‘presence bread’), an intimate ritual part
connected, under the Law, with the Temple (a type of Jesus Christ, the Messiah), q.v., Bible Dictionary.
(Ex. 25:30).
Shibboleth – A stream, ear of grain, branch; password that distinguished Gileadites from Ephraimites by
pronunciation in Judges 10:6, and now a part of the English vocabulary for any such touchstone or test.
Shittah, Pl. Shittim – Wood of the acacia, a thorned tree, probably because of its resinous content a
desirable wood which was specified for the Temple, Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenent, which
contained the Testimony of the Law and Aaron’s budded almond staff (staves), and upon which rested
 the Glory or Presence of the LORD [Exodus 25.5, 10; See Ch. 40 for the whole concise picture].
Shivers – Splintered fragments (only at Rev. 2:27)
Shroud – Linen sheet for wrapping body for burial; a branching treetop (Ezek. 31:3).
Silverlings – Preweighed silver used as money; possibly rudimentary quasi-coinage made of electrum (silver
naturally alloyed with gold or other metals): from the Hebrew for ‘dull lustre’; see SHEKEL (Only at
Isaiah 7.23)
Signet – A seal or stamp; an ornate badge. (Gen 38:18; Ex 28:11; Ex 39:14; Jer 22:24; Dan 6:17; Hag 2:23).
Silly – (adj. - Hos. 7:11) Simple, harmless, guileless.
Simon – Given a special name by Jesus: Cephas (Syriac) or Petros (Greek) which means “stone or rock.”
See John 1:42. He was the son of a man named Jonah and brother to Andrew. (Matthew 16:17;John
1:42). Called “the Canaanite” (Matthew 10:4) and “the Zealot” (Luke 6:15). The Hebrew word for
zealots was Kananim. This would explain the title “Canaanite.” He probably had been a member of the
Hebrew group which advocated fierce allegiance to Israel and violent overthrow of Roman domination.
Simon of Cyrene – the man from the area called Cyrene who was forced to carry Jesus’ cross. (Matthew
27:32, Mark 15:21, Luke 23:26).
Single – Having one aim or purpose, not prevaricating or forked-tongued: hence sincere, honest, without
deceit (Matt. 6:22).
Sin – the transgression of, deviation from the law sin, or will of God, the “missing of the mark” (Matt. 1:21).
Sin is rebellion against God and because God is holy, He cannot tolerate sin. The “Original Sin” is the
First human sin which is passed on through Adam to all succeeding generations. (Deut.6:24; Rom.3:9-
23). However, God himself has provided in Jesus the solution to this problem of sin. (Read Romans 3:23
and 6:23).
Sinew – a tendon; that which unites muscle to a bone. (Gen. 32:32; Isa. 48:4; Job 10:11; Ezek. 37:6, 8).
Single – Clear; sound; healthy. (Luke 11:34-35).
Sith – (adv. - Ezek 35:6) Since; seeing that.
Sleight – Trickery; entrapment by deceit. (Eph. 4:14).
Slime – (noun - Gen. 11:3) Bitumen tar from ground, pitch.
Slips – (noun - Isa. 17:10) Branches.
Slow bellies – Idle gluttons. (Titus 1:12).
Smart – To be sore distressed. (Prov. 11:15).
Smite, smote – (verb - Matt. 5:39) To strike, to beat.
Sod, sodden – (verb - Ex. 12:9) To cook, to boil.
Sodomite – Euphamism for homosexual, from a city God destroyed for its gross immorality, thought to be
located at the wastes South of the Dead Sea (Gen. 13:13; and esp. in the historical Books).
Solemnity – (noun - Deut. 31:10, 16:8) 1) Set time, 2) Festival.
Soothsayer – A foreteller of the future by astrology. (Dan. 4:6-7).
Sop – (noun - John 13:26) A little bit, a morsel, a piece of bread dipped in a liquid, like gravy, bean sauce,
or wine.
Sope – (noun - Mal. 3:2) Used for cleansing; scouring.
Sore – Sorely, very, exceedingly, extremely, severely (Judges 21:2; 1 Sam. 31:3).
Soteriology – the doctrine of salvation (Heb.7:25; 9:12).
Sottish – (adj. - Jer. 4:22) Stupid, senseless, foolishness, as though drunk by.
Soul – (noun - Matt. 10:28) Being, self, life, heart, etc.
Sovereignty – God’s right to do what He wants with what is His. (Psa. 24:1; Isa.53:4; Rom.8:28; 2
Cor.5:19).
Span – Unit of length based upon the distance between the thumb and end of little finger when extended,
about 0.22 metre or 8.75 inches.
Spikenard – An East Indian plant, ‘Nardostachys grandiflora’, and a costly perfumed ointment made from
this (See Mark 14:3-9).
Spite – Vexation-, anger; grief. (Psa. 10:12-14).
Spoil – Booty; prey. (Isa. 8:4).
Stablisheth – Establishes; makes steadfast. (2 Cor. 1:21-22).
Stacte – A fatty resinous liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odoriferous and highly valued.
One of the four ingredients composing the sacred perfume, the Holy incense. (Ex. 30:34-35).
Stanched – (verb - Luke 8:44) To cause to stop or stand still. To restrained from flowing.
Standard – (noun - Isa. 59:19; Jer. 50:1-2) Flag, banner, signal lifted up.
Stand upon – To attack. (2 Samuel 1:9-10).
Staves – (noun - Ex. 25:13; Luke 22:50-52) Poles, bars, rods, staffs.
Stay – (verb - Isa. 26:3) To support, to rely on.
Stayed – Detained; held. (Luke 4:42).
Strait – (adj. - Matt. 7:13) Narrow.
Strakes – (noun - Gen. 30:37) Streaks, stripes, peelings on a surface. (Lev. 14:37).
Steward – Manager. (Luke 12:42).
Stoick – Stoic, One of a Greek philosophical school founded at Athens c. BC 308 by Zeno, which sought
virtue as the greatest good and taught control of one’s passions (Acts 17:18).
Stomacher – A fine robe; an ornamental garb for the upper front of the body, a figured mantle for holidays
(Only in Isa. 3:24).
Straight way – Immediately. (Mark 1:17-18).
Strait – Restricted in space, limited [from root meaning emptiness, desolation]; also, as a Maritime
narrowing of land masses to form a passageway. (2 Kings 6:1; Phil. 1:23).
Straitened – Hindered; impeded. (Prov. 4:11-12).
Straitly – Strictly, closely. (Luke 9:21).
Straitness: Narrowness, hence distress; see Strait (2 Cor. 6:12).
Strake – Nautical: past tense of ‘strike’, unfurl sail to get underway. (Acts 27:17).
Strawed, strowed – (verb - Matt. 21:8) Scattered, spread by scattering. (2 Chron. 34:34).
Stripling – (noun - 1 Sam. 17:56) A young man.
Stuff – (noun - Gen. 31:37; 1 Sam. 30:24) Baggage of an army, furniture.
Suborned – (verb - Acts 6:11) Induced, bribed, prompted.
Suburbs – Occurring some 50 times, Heb. always ‘migraash’ [Strong’s #H4054]: ‘Open country whither
flocks are driven for pasture’, from a root suggesting contention or proprietyship (the cause of frequent
disputes among the pastoral nations) (Josh. 14:4; 21:2-3, 8, 11, 13; Ezek. 48:17).
Suffer – (verb - 1 Tim. 2:12) To allow, to permit. (See Matt. 19:14; Mark 10:14).
Succour (Succor) – To help, give aid or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and to deliver
from suffering; as, to succor a besieged city. (2 Sam. 8:5; 18:3; Heb 2:17-18).
Sumptuously – Splendidly. (Luke 16:19-21).
Sunder – Asunder, into parts or pieces. (Isa. 45:2).
Sup – To dine, have supper; to gather together; to slurp up & gulp tremendously, as of a liquid or air (in the
last sense, only at Hab. 1:9, from the Hebrew root ‘to gather’). (Rev. 3:20).
Superfluity – (noun - James 1:21) Super abundance, overflowing; a greater quantity than is wanted;
something beyond what is wanted.
Superfluous – Over and above; more than enough. (2 Cor. 9:1-2).
Supple – To cleanse and make comfortable, free from the birth encumbrance, as of a newborn baby (Ezek.
16:4).
Supplant – To deceive; defraud. (Jer. 9:3-5).
Suppliant – Worshiper. (Zep. 3:9-10).
Surfeiting – (noun - Luke 21:34) Intoxication, overindulgence, the act of feeding to excess.
Surmisings – (noun - 1 Tim. 6:4) Suspicions; imagining upon slight evidence. The act of suspecting; as, evil
surmisings.
Swaddle – Babes were wrapped comfortably in cloth in the Mideast (Luke 2.7)
Swaddling Clothes – Clothes used for wrapping. (Luke 2:7).
Swine – Pigs. (Matt. 7:6).
Sycamine – A different orthography of sycamore; a sycamore tree. (Luke 17:6).
Synagogue – From the Greek root, ‘to assemble together, convene’, and used of the building in which the
Jews congregated for worship. (Acts 22:19).
Syriack – Syrian; Syriac, the Semetic dialect, Aramaic. Jesus speaks so at the cross (Matt. 27.46); the
ancient Syriac Bible is the Peshetta, which agrees with the ‘Textus Receptus’, the majority text of the
AV. (Dan. 2:4).
–T–
Tabering, tabring – (verb - Nah. 2:7) To strike or beat a tabret, or small drum, usu. used to accompany a
pipe.
Tabret – (noun - Isa. 30:32) Tambourine, timbrel.
Tabernacle – A tent, booth or dwelling. (Job 18:5-6).
Tablet – That used for writing onto which letters are engraved or written -- of stone, clay, wax-board, vellum
(fine prepared hide) or paper; an ornament appended to a necklace, a locket [Ex. 35:22).
Tabor – (Defined here because it appears in several places with different identities). 1. A mountain in
Issachar & Zebulon (Josh. 19:22; Judges 4:6, 12, 14; 8:18; Psa. 89:12; Jer. 46:18; Hos. 5:1). 2. A plain
in Benjamin (1 Sam. 10:3). 3. A Levitical city in Zebulon (1 Chron. 6:77).
Taches – (noun - Ex. 26:6, 11, 33) Hooks, fasteners; something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a
loop; a button. (Ex. 35:11; 36:13,18; 39:33).
Tale – (noun - Ex. 5:8) A carefully counted number.
Talent – Semitic unit of money as weight of silver or gold, about 35 kg or 78 lbs.; the probable Attic talent
(Rev. 16:1), about 26 kg or 57 lbs. Spiritual gifts or endowments are called “talents. (Matt. 25:16-18).
Tare – The past tense of ‘to tear’, tore. 2 Sam. 13:31 A noxious weed (Matt. 13:24-40).
Target – Small, round shield; target (1 Kings 10:16; 2 Chron. 9:15).
Taunt – An object of scorn and derision. (Ezek. 5:14-15).
Teats – The female ‘paps’ or mammary nipples (Ezek. 23:2, 21), where both used derisively to Israel’s
shame.
Teil – The Hebrew root means strength or support; therefore, an oak-like hardwood tree, the terebinth, from
which when cut exudes a fragrant resinous juice (only at Isaiah 6:13).
Tell – To count or ascertain; to narrate; number; count. (Gen. 15:4-5).
Testament – similar meaning to covenant. The Bible is made up of two Testaments, the New and the Old.
Temperance – Self-control. (Gal. 5:22-24).
Tempest – Storm; whirlwind. (Psa. 11:5-6).
Tempt – To try, test, put to the test. (Gen. 22:1; Ex. 17:7; Matt. 4:7).
Tenons – In building and cabinet work, the end of a piece of timber, which is fitted to a mortise for
insertion, or inserted, for fastening two pieces of timber together. (Ex. 26:17, 19; 36:22, 24).
Teraphim – (noun) The Hebrew plural meaning “household gods”, probably a family’s sort of ‘coat of arms’
or hereditary identification figures, statuettes poss. formerly worship icons peculiar of a family, and
which may have been evidence of hereditary ownership rights; possibly during pagan relapses, still
worshiped by the Hebrews, perhaps in corruption of true worship. (Gen. 31:19; Judges 17:5; 18:14, 17-
18, 20; Hos. 3:4).
Terrestrial – Pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; as terrestrial animals; bodies terrestrial. (1 Cor.
15:40).
Testament – (noun - Matt. 26:28) Covenant; an agreement. (Heb. 9:16-18).
Tetrarch – (noun - Matt. 14:1) A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; a subordinate prince. In
time, this word came to denote any petty king or sovereign. Used of Herod Antipas, Herod Philip (sons
of Herod the Great), and Lysanias (Luke 3:1, 19; 9:7; Acts 13:1).
Thee – (pronoun) You - singular object.
Thence – (adv. - Acts 14:26) There, from there.
Theology – the doctrine of God. (Hosea 6:3).
Theos – the New Testament name for God. (John 20:28).
Thither – (adv. - 1 Sam. 9:6) There, in that place.
Thitherward – In that direction; towards. (Jer. 50:4-5).
Thomas – He is also called Didymus, from the Greek, meaning “twin.” (John 11:16; 20:24). Didymus may
have been his surname.
Thou – (pronoun) You; singular subject.
Thrice – Three times. (Matt. 26:35-36).
Throughly – (adv. - 2 Cor. 11:6) In every way, thoroughly.
Thummim – ‘Light’, see Urim & Thummim.
Thyine – North African conifer tree ‘Tetraclinis articulata’, from which is exuded sandarac, a gummy resin
used to make varnish and; also scented strongly aromatic and probably used as an incense and balm
component. (Rev. 18:12).
Timbrel – A small hand drum, tambourine, or like musical instrument, perhaps similar to those oft seen in
Egyptian paintings held in the hand and raised up. (Psa. 150:4).
Tire – To attire or dress; crescent shaped head ornament or turban. (Ezek. 24:17).
Tirshatha – (noun - Neh. 8:9) A title of a Persian governor.
Tithe – (noun - Lev. 27:30; Heb. 7:8) A tenth part; 1/10.
Tittle – (noun - Matt. 5:18) A point of a Hebrew letter.
Token(s) – Prearranged signal; some sort of that considered evidence of a maiden’s virginity. (Mark 14:44).
Told out – Numbered; tallied. (2 Chron. 2:1-2).
Topaz – A yellowish color gemstone found in Arabia. (Ex. 28:17; 39:10; Job 28:19; Ezek. 28:13; Rev.
21:20).
Tow – The coarse or broken part of flax or hemp that is left when it is combed into good fiber. Weak and
useless for any good purpose. (Judges 16:9; Isa. 1:31; 43:17).
Transgression – Wrong-doing; a violation of a law. (Job 33:8-9).
Translate – To transfer, convey, or transport from one place, situation, domain, or ontological state to
another (2 Sam. 3:10; as Translated, of Enoch at Heb. 11:5 from Gen. 5:24).
Trespass – Wrong-doing-, sin. (Matt. 6:14-15).
Tribulation – the seven-year period of turmoil on earth between the rapture and the second coming of
Christ. (Dan.9:24-27; Matt.24-25; Rev.4-19).
Trinity – one God in three Persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. (Matt.28:19; John 14:16-17; 2 Cor. 13:14).
Trode – Trampled. (Luke 12:1).
Trow – (verb - Luke 17:9) To believe; to trust; to think or suppose.
Trump – Trumpet. (1 Thes. 4:16).
Truth – the attribute of God whereby He cannot lie nor tolerate untruth in others. (Zac.8:16; 1 Tim.4:3).
Turtle – (noun - Lev. 15:29) Turtle dove.
Twain – (adj. - Isa. 6:2; Mark 10:7-9) Two, together.
–U–
Unbelieving – faithless, infidel. (Rev. 21:8).
Unclean – impure, foul. (Rev. 16:13; 18:2).
Unction – (noun) An anointing. Richness of gracious affections; divine or sanctifying grace administered
by God, not men. (1 John 2:20).
Under colour – (Acts 27:30) In pretense.
Undersetter – (noun - 1 Kings 7:30) Prop, support, shoulder; structural reinforcement.
Understanding – intellect, mind, thought. (Rev. 13:18).
Unlade – To discharge; unload. (Acts 21:2-3).
Unicorn – (noun - Num. 23:22) An animal with one horn; the monoceros. This name is often applied to the
rhinoceros. Wild ox?
Unity – the Divine nature is indivisible; there is but one infinite and perfect Spirit. (Acts 2:1, 43; 4:32;
Rom.12:5; 1 Cor.12:13).
Untempered – Not properly blended or mixed. (Ezek. 13:10).
Untimely – out of season. (Rev. 6:13).
Untoward – (adj. - Acts 2:40) Crooked, bent, perverse.
Upbraid – To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to chide; to reprove with severity.
(Judges 8:15; Matt. 11:20; Mark 16:14).
Urim and Thurum – Lit. ‘light’ and ‘perfection’, possibly two precious stones put into the pouch bound
around Aaron’s heart and used as commanded by GOD to know His Will; their exact nature is
speculative (yet possibly discernable), and they may not have been stones, but that they were ordained
of God precludes their being pseudo-divination (Ex. 28:30; Ezra 2:63). Some commentators think that
James 1:17 is an illusion to the “Urim and Thurum” (“...the Father of lights...”).
Usury – The practice of lending money or anything for gain, prohibited among the Israelites towards each
other as brethren (this is “passive” income, that not earned by productive labor) (See Lev. 25:36-37;
Deut. 23:19-20)
Usurp – To seize and take hold of. (1 Tim. 2:12).
–V–
Vail – Veil, covering or partition of cloth. (2 Cor. 13:13-16).
Vain – Empty- foolish; useless. (Matt. 6:7).
Vehemently – Violently; intensely. (Luke 6:48).
Venison – Cloven hoofed ruminant game, e.g., deer and antelope (Gen. 25:28).
Venture – Committal to chance or risk (1 Kings 22:34).
Verbal – the sword indicating that every word of the Bible is inspired. (2 Sam. 23:2; Psa. 12:6-7; 1 Cor.
2:13).
Verily – (adv. - Matt. 5:18) Sure, trustworthy, amen.
Verity – (noun - 1 Tim. 2:7) Truth.
Vermilion – A deep scarlet red color, formerly obtained from the mineral cinnabar (Mercuric Oxide [HgS])
(Jer. 22:14; Ezek. 23:14).
Version – A translation of a book of the Bible or a translation of the entire Bible. (Psa. 119:140, 165; 138:2).
Vestments – Garments; clothing. (2 Kings 10:21-22).
Vesture – (noun - Psa. 102:26; Rev. 19:12-13) Garment, cloak, clothing.
Vial – (noun - Rev. 16:1-2; 21:9) Bowl, goblet, a broad shallow cup.
Victory – conquer, overcome, prevail. (Rev. 15:2).
Victuals – (noun - Josh. 1:11) Food, sustenance.
Vigilant – Watchful. (1 Tim. 3:2).
Villany – Folly. (Jer. 29:23).
Viol – (noun - Isa. 14:11) A kind of harp or lyre. A largish curved harp or psaltery. (Isa. 5:12).
Viper – Snake. (Matt. 3:7).
Virtue – Manliness [ Latin, ‘vir’ = man], worth, bravery, power inherent in a supernatural being, worth,
moral excellence [of healing power coming from Jesus], (Luke 8:46).
Vocation – A calling; invitation, summons. (Eph. 4:1-3).
Void – Empty; vacant; not occupied with matter. Having no legal or binding force; null; not effectual to bind
parties, or to support a right. Free; clear; as, a conscience void of offense. Destitute; as, void of learning;
void of reason or common sense. Unsubstantial; vain. To render useless or of no effect. (Gen. 1:2; Num.
30:12-13, 15; Deut. 38:8; 1 Kings 22:10; 2 Chron. 18:9; Psa. 89:39; 119:126; Prov. 7:7; 11:12; Isa.
55:11; Jer. 4:23; Naham 2:10; Acts 24:16; Rom. 3:31; 1 Cor. 9:15).
Volume – (noun - Heb. 10:7) A roll [manuscript].
–W–
Wail, Wailing – grieve, lament, mourn. (Rev. 1:7; 18:19, 15).
Wanton – Excessive; rebellious. (1 Tim. 5-11-12).
Wantonness – (noun - 2 Pe. 2:18) Sensuality, debauchery.
Ward – In prison; in ward, in custody or, custodianship; gaol. (Gen. 41:9-10; Num. 15:34).
Ware – The several meanings of aware; wary; merchandise; wore, past tense of ‘to wear’. (Acts 14:6).
Wast – was, were. (Rev. 5:9; 11:17).
Watch, Watcheth, Watchful – keep awake, be vigilant. (Rev. 3:2; 6:15; 3:3).
Waymarks – Signs identifying road or man-made boundary marks (Jer. 31:21).
Wax – To grow; become; advance. (Luke 12:33).
Weaver’s Beam – The heavy bar around which the warp cords were wrapped in a loom. (1 Sam. 17:7; 1
Chron. 11:23; Matt. 7:3-5).
Weight – The measure of. (Rev. 16:21).
Wen – (noun) A running sore, ulcer, blemish or imperfection on the body, running sore, tumer, cyst,
deformed bodily protuberance. (Lev. 22:22).
Wench – (noun - 2 Sam. 17:17) Maidservant.
Wert – Were, second person singular past tense of ‘to be’, as “thou wert”. (Rev. 3:15).
Wheat – Food grain, corn. (Rev. 6:6; 18:13).
Whence – (adv. - Matt. 13:54; Rev. 2:5; 7:13) From where, place, state, source.
Wherefore – Why?; for what reason?- for what cause? (Rom. 9:31-32).
Wherewith – The things with which... (Psa. 119:41-42).
Whet – To sharpen. (Psa. 7:12).
Whether – Which, of two. (Luke 3:15).
Whit – (noun - 2 Cor. 11:5) Least bit.
White – whiten, make white, bright, gay, clear, clean. (Rev. 1:14; 7:13).
Whither – (adv. - Jer. 40:12; John 8:13-14) Where, in what place.
Whore – strumpet, harlot. (17:1, 17:16; 19:2).
Whoremonger – (noun - Eph. 5:5) A sexually immoral person. Those who follow after prostitutes, a
fornicator. Male prostitute (Strong), debauchee, lbertine, or procurer [of whores]; from the Greek
‘pornos’, with root meaning ‘merchandiser’ from ‘thoroughness’ from ‘to pierce through’ – very strong
NT word denoting extreme sexual libertinage, lisciviousness or depravation. (1 Tim. 1:10; Rev. 21:8;
22:15).
Wiles – (noun - Eph. 6:11) Methods, cunning devices.
Wimples – (noun - Isa. 3:22) Shawls, upper garments; a hood or veil. A folded garment worn by ladies to
cover the head and neck.
Winebibber – (noun - Matt. 11:19) Winedrinker.
Winefat – (noun - Mark 12:1) Winepress collection trough.
Wings (of the morning) – Possibly Mediterranean flying fish, dolphins, or regularly prevailing winds [Psa.
139.9 cf. Psa. 18:10).
Wipe – to obliterate, blot out. (Rev. 7:17; 21:4).
Wist – (verb - Mark 9:16) Knew (past tense).
Wit – (verb - Gen. 24:21) To know, to become aware of, the past tense of ‘wist’, as ‘wot’.
Witness, Witnesses – record, report, testimony. (Rev. 1:5; 11:3).
Withal – With, besides. (Job 2:7-8).
Withs – (noun - Judges 16:7) Ropes made of green tree fibers, cords.
Wonder, Wonders – miracle, sign, token. (Rev. 12:1; 13:13).
Wont – (adj. - Ex. 21:29; Luke 22:39-41) Accustomed to, apt, likely, used to, habituated. (2 Sam. 2:18).
Woof – The weft or threads that cross the warp in weaving. (Lev. 13:48-59)
Wool – Figuratively exceedingly or perfectly white like the fuller’s wool (Mark 9:3). (Rev. 1:14).
World – (noun - Matt. 24:3). Age, dispensation.
Wormwood – (noun - Jer. 9:15) A bitter plant, a type of bitterness, calamity. (Rev. 8:11).
Wot – (verb - Gen. 21:26) Know (present tense). (Ex. 32:1; Num. 22:6; Josh. 22:5; Acts 3:17; Rom. 11:12;
Phil. 1:22). The present tense of ‘wit’, “to know” (Rom. 11:2); so, ‘wotteth’ (Gen. 39:8).
Wreathen – Twisted, like a wreath (Ex. 28:14).
Wroth – To be provoked; angered. (Matt. 2:16).
Wrought – (adj. - Ex. 26:36) Worked, made, woven.
–Y–
Yahweh, (Jehovah) – the name for GOD meaning “the Self-Existent One.” (Ex.3:14).
Ye – (pronoun) You - plural subject. You, in the sense of “each of you all”, a peculiarly intimate or particular
emphatic form inclusive of the plurality (see Matt. 21:42-44).
Yea – Yes- certainly, even so, truly, verily. (Matt. 5:37; Rev. 14:13).
Yokefellow – Comrade (Phil. 4:3).
Yonder – ‘Beyond’, over there, away there, farther along, beyond or something beyond (Matt. 26:36).
–Z–
Zealous – covet, desire, jealous. (Rev. 3:19).
Zebulun – habitation (Rev. 7:8).
Zechariah – a prophet who lived about 520 BC and wrote the book in the Old Testament bearing his name.
He urged the people of Jerusalem to rebuild the temple and prophesied about God’s victory over evil and
the coming Messiah.
Zion (Sion) – a monumental or guiding pillar. (Rev. 14:1).
 Appendix A
Bible Names – Their Meanings
Among the Hebrews each person received but a single name. In the case of boys this was conferred upon
the eighth day, in connection with the rite of circumcision. To distinguish an individual from others of the
same name it was customary to add to his own proper name that of his father or ancestors. Sometimes the
mother’s name was used instead. Simple names in Hebrew, as in all languages, were largely borrowed from
nature; e.g. Deborah, “bee;” Tamar, “a palm tree;” Jonah, “dove.” The majority of compound names have
special religious or social significance, being compounded either 1) with terms denoting relationship, as
“Abi” or “Ab”, [father], as Abihud, “father of praise,” Abimelech, “father of the king;” “Ben,” [son], as
Benoni, “son of my sorrow,” Benjamin, “son of the right hand;” or 2) with names of God, as “El,” [God], and
“Jah” or “Yah”, shortened from “Yahweh.”

–A– Asaph – “collector”

Abednego – “servant of Nego” Asher – “happiness”
Abel – “breath”, “vapor” Athaliah – “afflicted by Yahweh”
Abiathar – “father of abundance” –B–
Abigail – “father of joy” Baasha – “offensiveness”, “wicked”
Abihu – “He is my father” Balak – “emptier”, “spoiler”
Abijah – “my father is Yahweh” Barak – “lightning”
Abimelech – “father of the king” Bar-Jona – “son of Jonah”
Abinadab – “father of generosity” Bar-Jesus – “son of Joshua”
Abinoam – “father of grace” Baruch – “blessed”
Abiram – “father of height” Bathsheba – “daughter of the oath”
Abishai – “father of a gift” Ben-Hadad – “son of Hadad”
Abner – “father of light” Benjamin – “son of my right hand”
Abraham – “father of a multitude” Bildad – “son of contention”
Abram – “father of height” Boanerges – “sons of thunder”
Absalom – “father of peace” –C–
Achan – “troublesome” Caleb – “a dog”
Adam – “red earth” Cephas – “a rock”
Adonijah – “my lord is Yahweh” –D–
Adonizedek – “lord of justice” Dan – “a judge”
Agag – “flame” Daniel – “God is my judge”
Ahab – “father’s brother” David – “beloved”
Ahaz – “possessor” Deborah – “a bee”
Ahaziah – “held by Yahweh”
–E–
Ahijah – “brother of Yahweh”
Edom – “red”
Ahimelech – “brother of the king”
Eleazar – “God is helper”
Ahithophel – “brother of folly”
Eliezer – “God of help”
Amalek – “dweller in a valley”
Elijah – “my God is Yahweh”
Amasa – “burden”
Elisha – “God his salvation”
Amaziah – “whom Yahweh strengthens”
Emmanuel – “God with us”
Amnon – “faithful”
Ephraim – “fruitful”
Amos – “burdensome”
Esau – “hairy”
Amoz – “strong”
Eve – “life giver”
Amram – “strong people”
Ezekiel – “God will strengthen”
Anak – “long-necked”
Ezra – “help”
Ananiah – “protected by Yahweh”
Asa – “healing” –G–
Gabriel – “man [or] hero of God” Josiah – “whom Yahweh heals”
Gad – “fortune” or “a troop” Jotham – “Yahweh is upright”
Gedaliah – “made great by Yahweh” Judah – “praise”, “celebrated”
Gehazi – “valley of vision” Judas – (see Judah)
Gershom(n) – “expulsion”, “exile” Judith – “Jewess”
Gideon – “he that cuts down” –K–
Gomer – “perfection” Keturah – “incense”
–H– –L–
Habakkuk – “embrace” Laban – “white”
Hadassah – “myrtle” Lazarus – (see Eleazar)
Haggai – “festive” Levi – “joining”
Hananiah – “Yahweh has favored” Lot – “covering”, “veil”
Hannah – “grace, favor” –M–
Hezekiah – “strengthened of Yahweh” Malachi – “my messenger”
–I– Manasseh – “forgetting”
Ichabod – “where is the glory?” Melchizedek – “king of righteousness”
Isaac – “laughter” Methuselah – “man of the dart”
Ishbosheth – “man of shame” Micah – (see Micaiah)
Ishmael – “whom God hears” Micaiah – “who is like Yahweh?”
Israel – “ruler/prince with God” Michael – “who is like God?”
Issachar – “he will bring reward” Midian – “strife”
–J– Miriam – “rebellion”
Jacob – “heel-catcher”, “supplanter” Moses – “drawn out”
Jael – “wild goat” –N–
James – (see Jacob) Naaman – “pleasantness”
Japheth – “widespreading” Nabal – “foolish”
Jedidiah – “beloved by Yahweh” Nadab – “spontaneous”, “generous”
Jehoash – “Yahweh-given” Nahash – “serpent”
Jehohanan – “Yahweh favored” Nahor – “snorting”
Jehoiachin – “Yahweh will establish” Nahum – “comfortable”, “consolation”
Jehoiada – “known of Yahweh” Naomi – “my pleasantness”
Jehoiakim – “Yahweh established” Nathan – “a giver”
Jehoram – “exalted by Yahweh” Nehemiah – “whom Yahweh comforts”
Jehoshaphat – “Yahweh judged” Nethaneel – “given of God”
Jemima – “dove” –O–
Jephthah – “he will open” Obadiah – “servant of Yahweh”
Jeremiah – “Yahweh will raise” Onesimus – “profitable”
Jerubbaal – “contender with Baal” –P–
Jesus – (see Joshua) Phinehas – “mouth of brass”
Jethro – “excellence”
–R–
Jezebel – “chaste”
Rachel – “ewe lamb”
Joab – “whose father is Yahweh”
Rebekah – “a noose”, “ensnarer”
Joash – “given by Yahweh”
Rehoboam – “enlarger of the people”
Job – “persecuted”
Joel – “Yahweh his God” –S–
John – (see Jehohanan) Sarah – “princess”
Jonah – “dove” Shebna – “vigor”
Jonathan – “Yahweh has given” Shem – “name”
Joseph – “adding”, “increase” Simeon – “hearing”
Joshua – “Yahweh his help” or “saviour” Solomon – “peaceful”
 –T–
Tamar – “palm tree”
–U–
Uriah – “flame of Yahweh”
Uzzah – “strength”
Uzziah – “strength of Yahweh”
–Z–
Zacharias – (see Zechariah)
Zadok – “just”
Zebulun – “habitation”
Zechariah – “remembered of Yahweh”
Zedekiah – “justice of Yahweh”
Zephaniah – “hidden of Yahweh”
Zerubbabel – “born at Babylon”
Zipporah – “sparrow”
 Appendix B
Archaic Words In the KJV

The seemingly endless assault on the Authorized Translation of the Holy Scriptures appears to me to have
added a word to the English Language. Whether or not this is a fact is of little import, but in searching the
Noah Webster’s 1828 American Dictionary of the English language, you will find the word ‘archaic’ is
missing. There is a listing for ‘archaism,’ which is undoubtedly the root word, since it means ‘an ancient or
obsolete phrase or expression.’ What is done here is to investigate the claim of detractors of the Authorized
Version, that it contains too many archaic and difficult words for the reader to understand and solve that
perceived problem with this listing.
With the exception of the proper names, the Bible is written with 7th to 8th grade vocabulary. The vital
need to read the Bible is largely a forgotten dedication among the saints of our day. At a normal rate of
reading it will take the average Christian 3 hours to read the Gospel of Luke, 4 ½ hours to read the book of
Psalms, 52 hours to read the Old Testament, 19 hours to read the New Testament, and less than 72 hours to
read the entire Bible. The problem arises when the reader is exposed to a vernacular that contains words
unknown to the modern eye.
I can, without picking up a Bible, think of quite a few words that we do not see much in print or hear in
conversation anymore, but words are words. A word is not embalmed and laid to rest in a hole in the ground
or cremated. It may fall into disuse, but it and its meaning will always be just what they were intended to be.
Of course, some have done a lot of good words the disservice of connecting a totally different meaning to
them, other than they were originally intended to convey. When archaic words did not fit the coloquial usage
of the day, they were given different meanings. I cannot help but think such a thing has happened in reguards
to the language of the very Word of God. It is sure that this approach has been effective in modern times by
many with the intention of changing His clear statements into wishy-washy, compromiseable interpretations.
This volume seeks to set this condition aright and give the meanings, intended by the translators, back
to the readers. The Editor disclaims originality. Other men have labored, I have but entered into their labors.
The results of the study of God’s Word by learned and spiritual servants, in every division of the church and
in many lands, has netted a bounty of wonder in the matter of Bible study. The Editor has only proposed to
himself the modest task of summarizing, arranging and condensing this mass of material into a convenient
form. This list is a complete (exhaustive) listing of all the words from the King James Version of the Bible
(AV 1611). It includes the frequency of use, definitions and Biblical applications in the KJV Bible (for the
complete, whole word). This work is not intended to be a scholarly reference; but, a book for the common
reader who needs to gain the truths found in the Word of God.
There cannot be the slightest doubt in the mind of any reflecting person but that a much greater amount
of error in reference to the truths of the Word of God arises from simple ignorance or inattention to the
language than from any other worse cause whatever. Words, in the course of time, lose their original
meaning, and acquire a conventional one very often considerably different, and which, from constant use,
becomes a functional corruption of the translators’ mind. Very many are accustomed to use Scripture
language without at all being able to understand its real meaning, and thus they are rather injured than
benefitted by their familiarity with Scripture phraseology.
In 2 Corinthians 11:1-4, Paul warned of the false teachers and their tactics, which would even include a
perverted gospel. To avoid this “other gospel,” (Gal. 1:6-9); learn the meanings of the words, don’t accept
the ‘modernization’ which is an abomination to God. It is my hope to put the meaning of these “Bible” words
back into focus and replace the modern, contemporary meanings with the translators intention. I believe the
AV 1611 to be the version of the Bible for English speaking peoples and am sure that this “Word List” will
help in our study of its truths.
Those who believe and read the Bible generally have a much larger vocabulary than the average man on
the street. Those who never read the Bible are often the biggest critics of the language in it. Why should they
complain if they don’t even read it? The Bible has become an unread book like most other informational or
educational books such as encyclopedias and dictionaries. They sit on shelves and gather dust. The best way
to handle confrontation with the unknown words is to look up their definitions and learn them. Using them
in conversation in your daily life will soon eliminate the problem and increase your enjoyment of the English
language as you are blessed when you read the Word.
 Appendix C
The Joy Of A Bible Believing Position
Why I Believe The King James Bible Is The Word Of GOD

I- It frees me from “Scholar-ism”

A- Its WORDS are tried and found to be true (Psa. 12:6-7 “...as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified
seven times.”) Unlike the contents of the commentaries that need to be updated and revised.
B- Its precepts are laid upon eternal truth without challenge (Psa. 119:140 “...Very pure.”) Unlike the
matters of politics, philosophy and human affairs always in debate.
C- It is honest to the Original (Psa. 119:89 “For ever...settled in Heaven)
1-the Original Autographs?? – Can’t find them.
2-the Original Greek?? – Can’t read that.
3-the Original Manuscripts?? – Unlike the “ORIGINALS” that can not be found or read, there is a
Bible.

II- It is GOD honored (Psa. 138:2)

A- By the devotional use (Psa. 1:2, 119:148) – FAMOUS TEXT OF FAMOUS MEN:
1)The text most preached by John Bunyan (John 6:37)
2)The text that saved William Cowper From suicide (Rom. 3:24-25)
3)The text that made Martin Luther the hero of the Reformation (Rom. 1:17)
4)The text that comforted the troubled soul of John Wesley (Mark 12:34)
5)The text that made David Livingstone a Missionary (Matt. 28:19-20)
6)The text to which John Knox anchored his soul (John 17:3)
7)The text that led to the conversion of B.H.Corroll (John 7:17)
8)The text upon which Jonathan Edwards gave his heart to CHRIST (1 Tim. 1:17)
B- By the inspirational use (Psa. 119:148) – FAMOUS SONGS INSPIRED BY SCRIPTURE:
1) A Mighty Fortress Is Our God (Psa. 18:2)
2) Abide With Me (Psa. 23:4; Luke 24:29)
3) All the Power (Rev. 4:11; 19:12, 16)
4) All the Way My Savior Leads Me (Psa. 37:23)
5) Amazing Grace (Eph. 2:8-9)
6) Battle Hymn of the Republic (Psa. 20:7)
7) Blessed Assurance (Heb. 10:22)
8) Count Your Blessings (Eph.1:3)
9) Faith of Our Fathers (Psa. 22:4)
10) How Great Thou Art (Psa. 145:3)
11) I Will Sing the Wondrous Story (Psa. 89:1)
12) In the Garden (John 20:18)
13) Just As I am (John 6:35-37)
14) My Country ‘Tis of Thee (Psa. 33:12)
15) O Love That Will Not Let Me Go (Jer.35:3)
C- By the Revival use – THERE HAS BEEN NO REVIVAL IN THE HISTORY OF CHRISTENDOM
WITHOUT THE PRESERVED, AUTHORIZED VERSION:
1) Revival is not coming until HIS WORD is once more in our hearts.
2) Revival is not coming until HIS WORD is obeyed by the saints again.
3- Revival is our only hope to restore the church in this land of America. (2 Chron. 7:14).

III- It is MY cause – I have adopted it and: (1 Sam.17:29 “...is there not a cause...”)
A- I HAVE gone to seed on it:
 1) Breaking up the fallow ground
2) Planting the seed of the WORD
3) Reaping the harvest of the souls of men
B- I rode this “hobby-horse” over here
1) This BOOK is all I should be occupied with
2) I have no other authority
3) My heart is so evil that I must force my eyes into its pages
C- I am, ABSOLUTELY, trying to cram this down your throat

The freedom afforded me by my “Bible-Believing” position is a joy in the light of modern scholarship.
Those under the power of “Doubters-Syndrome” are in a poor state of affairs. The absence of a believable
Bible brings confusion and a loss of the Joy of confidence in GOD’S word. (Gen.3:1 - Here they doubted.)
The fact is that GOD has honored HIS WORD is a well documented truth. No other religious leader has
supported his documents of faith in the way that the GODHEAD has embodied HIMSELF in the paper of
Scripture, that it needs no other defense. You could say, about my firm interjection on this matter, that I am,
ABSOLUTELY, trying to cram this down your throat. If you don’t like this attitude about this matter you
surely would not like Nehemiah. In the thirteenth chapter of his book in the Old Testament we read that he
“commanded” some of them (He yelled at them), “contended” with the people several times (He demanded
that they obey the Word of GOD), “testified against” those who were disobedient (He talked about them to
others to mark them as enemies of the cause of GOD), “cursed” them (Used abrasive language toward them),
“plucked off their hair” (He took up arms of opposition against their ways), and made them “swear by GOD”
(He called for them to respond to his message and repent). He was just a preacher with a “CAUSE.”
The Authorized Version was translated in 1611, just before the Puritans departed from England, so that
they carried it with them across stormy seas to lay the foundation of one of the greatest governments the
world has ever known. The Authorized Version of GOD’S Holy Word had much to do with the laying of the
foundation of our great country.
When the Bible was translated in 1611, GOD foresaw the wide, extended use of the English language;
and, therefore, in our Authorized Bible, gave the best translation that has ever been made, not only in the
English language, but as many Scholars say, ever made in any language.
When apostasy had cast its dark shadow over the Western lands of opportunity, GOD raised up the men of
1611. They were true Protestants. Many of their friends and associates had already fallen before the sword
of despotism while witnessing for the Holy Writ. And in a wonderful way GOD worked to give us through
them an English version from the genuine manuscripts. It grew and soon exercised a mighty influence upon
the whole world.
Through the Reformation, the Received Text was again given to the Church. In the ages of twilight and
gloom, the dark ages, the corrupt church did not think enough of their corrupt Bible to circulate it. But the
reformed church soon spread the Received Text, both Hebrew and Greek through the world. Wherever it is
accurately translated, regardless of whatever the language may be, it is as truly the Word of GOD as our own
Authorized Version. In a remarkable way, GOD has honored the King James Version.
The King James Version has been translated into many other languages. One writer claims 886. It is the
Book of the human race. It is the author of vastly more missionary enterprises than any other version. The
AV 1611 is GOD’S missionary Book.
Then arose false theologies and false Bibles based on inferior manuscripts and long discarded versions
used to support this systematic depravation of the teaching of the Gospel. Hence once again the true people
of GOD are called upon to face a subtle and insidious attack. The attack is to have some admixture of the old
and the new. The AV 1611 will be found to be the factor that will turn the tide and restore the Truth to the
churches of our day. Through HIS Word we receive the power of GOD, the same Word by which HE upholds
all things, by which HE swings the mighty worlds and suns through the deeps of the stellar universe.
This preserved Word is able to save us and keep us forever. This Word shall conduct us to the
FATHER’S throne on high. “The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our GOD shall stand for
ever.”
Thy Word is very pure: therefore thy servant loveth it.
(Psa. 119:140)

“Pray without ceasing. In every thing give thanks: for this is the will of
God in Christ Jesus concerning you.” (1 Thes. 5:17-18)
Sources --

1. Vance, Laurence M.; ARCHAIC WORDS AND THE AUTHORIZED VERSION; Vance Publications;
Pensacola, Florida; 1996, 1997.
2. Strong, James, LL.D., S.T.D.; THE NEW STRONG’S EXHUSTIVE CONCORDANCE OF THE BIBLE,
Comfort Print edition; Thomas Nelson Publishers; Nashville, Tennessee; (c. 1870) 1995 (Note: Every
word is included, the extremely common are found in the Apendices; published prior to transfer of
ownership from Sir Nelson to an Armenian, c. 1985).
3. The Authorised Version of THE HOLY BIBLE, under Royal Letters Patent; The Revisers, authorised of
King James I; THE CONCORD REFERENCE EDITION with A Short Glossary (Skeats, W. W.) &
Concise Bible Dictionary; Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge; Cambridge, England; (revised
text as, or similar to, THE PARALLEL BIBLE, 1886) Concord Edition [as of 1999] and also included
in other Cambridge Editions, e.g., THE PRESENTATION BIBLE and where specified.
4. OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY; Oxford University Press; various formats of the 1st & 2nd Editions;
Oxford, England; [1884], 1936, ~1989, [1995].
5. THE RANDOM HOUSE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 2nd Edition; WEBSTER’S
NEW UNIVERSAL UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY; Random House Publishing; [pres.] New York,
New York; 1987, 1993, 1996.
6. Ryrie, Charles Caldwell, Th.D., Ph.D.; THE RYRIE STUDY BIBLE : King James Version -- Expanded
Edition; The Moody Bible Institute; Chicago, Illinois; [1986], 1994.
7. Thompson, Frank Charles, D.D., Ph.D.; THE THOMPSON CHAIN-REERENCE BIBLE, 5th Improved
Edition; B. B. Kirkbridge Bible Company; Indianapolis, Indiana; [1908-], 1988.
8. Bullinger, E. W., Dr.; THE COMPANION BIBLE; Kriegel Publications (but printed in England); Grand
Rapids, Michigan; ~1890, 1990; note: may no longer credit Dr. Bullinger (omitting the original Title
Page, still included by this publisher as late as 1985) The regular-type editions being in very small print,
a “large-print” edition is now available as of IX 2000.
9. Metzger, Bruce M., and Coogan, Michael D.; THE OXFORD COMPANION TO THE BIBLE; Oxford
University Press; Oxford, England (New York, New York); 1993; note: a secularist work, of use for
monies and weights & measures. The older Cambridge Companion is excellent and written from
Christian orientation; see CONCORD BIBLE, above.
10. Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, A. R.; & Brown, David. A COMMENTARY, 3 vv., Eerdmans, Grand Rapids,
Michigan (USA), c. 1875, reprinted 1978.
11. McGee, the late Dr J. Vernon; Through the Bible Ministries; Pasadena, California, USA:
http://www.ttb.org/ .
12. Webster, Noah; 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language – Over 60,000 definitions. Uses
Scripture frequently in definitions.
“Pray without ceasing. In every thing give thanks: for this is the will of
God in Christ Jesus concerning you.” (1 Thes. 5:17-18)
 Dr. Terry Wayne Preslar (1947- )

Dr. Terry Wayne Preslar has pastored First Baptist Church of Mineral Springs, North Carolina for over
30 years. It is his second call with two and one half years having been served at Howie Baptist Church of
Waxhaw, North Carolina. Brother Preslar and his wife are happily married with five children, with the
youngest being eighteen years old and eight grandchildren. He is an old fashion Baptist Preacher with firm
convictions and a passion for souls.
The Editor organized Mineral Springs Baptist Mission late in 1975. Since then Pastor Preslar has worked
in this calling. He works with the “Preaching Mission” of the church, at the rest-home several times each
month and three services each week in the pulpit at First Baptist. Given the occasion he preaches on the street
and in prisons. He teaches Bible College Classes in Monroe in the Gospel Schools of the Bible in Monroe
N.C. and writes Sunday-School material for several classes. He preaches several revival meetings, speaks in
mission revivals and Bible conferences and attends a number of campmeetings each year. He can be contacted
for appointments at the below address or phone number. (No church is ever too small – God’s people need
a preacher...)

Dr. Terry W. Preslar

PO Box 388 - Mineral Springs, N.C. 28108
Voice (704)843-3858
preslar12@windstream.net
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Psalms 107:2 S É S Romans 12:1-2
E-Mail: preslar12@windstream.net