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Workshop 5:
Modal Analysis of a Model Airplane Wing
Modified by (2008): Dr. Vijay K. Goyal Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Puerto Rico at Mayagez Thanks to UPRM students enrolled in INME 4058 sections 2006-08
Problem Description
This is a simple modal analysis of a model airplane wing. The wing is of uniform configuration along its length and its cross-sectional area is defined to be a straight line and a spline. It is held fixed to the body of the airplane on one end and hangs freely at the other. The objective of the problem is to find the wing's natural frequencies and mode shapes. The dimensions of the wing are shown below.
Starting ANSYS
From your desktop: Click on: START > All Programs > ANSYS 10.0 > ANSYS Product Launcher. Here we will set our Working Directory and the Graphics Manager
This is the 10.0 ANSYS Product Launcher main window. Select the Working Directory and type the name of work shop on Job Name.
Graphics Setup
Click the button: Customization/Preferences. On the item of Use custom memory settings type 128 on Total Workspace (MB): and type 64 on Database (MB): Then click the Run bottom.
Well set preferences in order to filter quantities that relate to this discipline only. Click Preferences from ANSYS Main Menu. Select (check): Structural & h-Method
1. ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/Delete
2. Click ADD
3. Structural Mass > Solid family of elements. Choose Quad 4node (PLANE42). Click Apply
*PLANE42: is used for 2-D modeling of solid
structures. The element can be used either as a plane element (the stress or plane strain) or as an axisymmetric element. The element Is defined by four nodes having two degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. The element has plasticity, creep, swelling, stress stiffening, large deflection, and large strain capabilities.
Well use this element type to define the wings mesh on the sectional area.
4. Structural Mass > Solid family of elements. Choose Brick 8node (SOLID45). Click Apply 5. Click Apply > OK > Close
*SOLID45: is used for the 3-D modeling of solid structures. The element is defined by eight nodes having three degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions.
Well use this element type to define the mesh along the extruded solid surface of the wing
You should have two element types on the Element Types window
In this section well define the wings constant material properties. Well select the materials behavior and then well define Youngs Modulus (E), poisons ratio (), and density ().
1. ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Properties > Material Models 2. (Double-click on) Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
7. Click OK
8. Utility Menu > Material > Exit
Well start by creating keypoints, these well define the sectional area for our wing.
1. ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In active CS 2. Enter 1 for Keypoint Number, enter 0,0,0 for X,Y,Z respectively. Click Apply
Next, well create lines and curves (splines) that will connect the keypoints, thus creating the geometric outline of the wings sectional area. Well start by creating straight lines from point 1-2 and 1-5.
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Straight Lines
Click Apply
3. Select keypoints 1 and 5. Click Apply
Next, well create a line curve or Spline that connects keypoints 2, 3, 4 and 5.
4. ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Splines > with options > spline thru KPs
When selecting with options, gives the preference to specify the slope vector at which the spline enters each connecting keypoint.
6. Enter:
Slope of spline entering @ keypoint 1 XV1= -1 YV1= 0 ZV1= 0
XV6= -1
Again, notice that Z-values are 0 since were working on X-Y planes.
7. Click OK
When finished, the wings outline geometry should look like this.
Next well proceed on filling the outlined geometry with an actual sectional area or body.
1. ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Arbitrary > By lines
2. Pick all 3 lines. Click OK
By selecting all three lines were forming a closed loop which will bound our sectional area.
4. Click OK
7. Click OK
Now well extrude a mesh volume using our second element type (solid 45).
1. ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Extrude > Elements ext opts.
Before applying constraints to the fixed end of the wing, unselect all PLANE42 elements used in the 2-D area mesh since they will not be used for the analysis.
1. Utility Menu > Select > Entities. 2. Choose Elements on first scroll down.
6. Choose Unselect.
7. Click Apply, then Ok .
Constraints will be applied to all nodes located where the wing is fixed to the body. Select all nodes at z = 0, then apply the displacement constraints.
1. Utility Menu > Select > Entities 2. Choose Nodes on first scroll down. 3. Choose By Location on second scroll down. 3. Choose Z coordinate. 4. Enter 0 on Min, Max, Inc box. 5. Choose From Full. 6. Click Apply, then Ok .
1. ANSYS Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis 2. Choose Modal 3. Click OK
1. ANSYS Main Menu > General PostProc > Results Summary 2. Close after observing the listing. *This listing shows the five different frequency analysis done by ANSYS
The following shows the animation results for the first frequency mode
1. ANSYS Main Menu > General PostProc > Read Results > First Set *If you want to obtain a different frequency animation, you need to select which one using
ANSYS Main Menu > General PostProc > Read Results > By Pick
2.Utility Menu > Plot Crtls > Animate > Mode Shapes