ზიგმუნდ ფროიდი

zigmund froidi
1856 - 1939 avstrieli nevrologi, fsiqoanalitikuri skolis damfuZnebeli. froidma cxovrebis didi nawili venaSi gaatara, amitom misi saxeli mWirdodaa dakavSirebuli am qalaqTan. cxovrebis bolos, nacistebisagan devnils, londonSi mouxda gadasaxleba, sadac gardaicvala 1939 wels. froidis fsiqoanalitikuri koncefcia or ZiriTad princips efuZneba:
avtoris Sesaxeb
1. fsiqikur movlenebs aqvT sazrisi. isini ar xdeba SemTxveviT, meqanikurad _ Tu SecdomiT vambob saxels, arasworad vwer sityvas, vxedav absurdul sizmars, saxlSi mrCeba gasaRebi _ yovelive amas aqvs sazrisi, romlis axsnac SeiZ leba; 2. Cveni fsiqikuri cxovrebis udidesi nawili mimdinareobs aracnobierad; Zalian xSirad ar viciT, ra gvamoZravebs, ratom ganvicdiT ama Tu im emocias, ratom vmoqmedebT ase da ara sxvagvarad. imitom, rom cnobiereba Cveni fsiqikis mxolod mcire nawilia. Cvens fsiqikur cxovrebaSi ganmsazRvrel rols aracnobieri asrulebs. rogorc froidi ajamebs, `Cven ar varT baton-patronebi sakuTar saxlSi~. fsiqoanalitikuri Teoriis es ori principi, iseve rogorc analizis sxvadasxva teqnika, romelTa saSualebiTac aracnobieris aRmoCena SegviZlia, froid ma gadmosca SromebSi: `sizmrebis interpretacia~ (1900), romelSic veldRiuri sizmari ganxilulia rogorc `samefo gza aracnobierisaken~; `yo cxovrebis fsiqopaTologia~ (1901) avtori asabuTebs, rom Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovreba yovel fexis nabijze avlens aracnobier motivaciaTa kvals; `sami esse seqsualobis Teoriis Sesaxeb~ (1905) _ aq froidi gadmoscems seqsualobis Sesaxeb sakuTar Teorias, romlis centrSic dgas oidiposis kompleqsi erotikul-agresiul ltolvaTa erToblioba, romelsac bavSvi ganicdis sakuTari mSoblebis mimarT. froidis didi mniSvneloba azrovnebis istoriaSi dakavSirebulia agreTve mis mier normasa da normidan gadaxras Soris kavSiris axleburad gaazrebasTan. Tu froidamde aranormaluri qceva ganixileboda movlenad, romelsac araferi hqonda saerTo normasTan, misi damsaxurebaa im kanonzomierebaTa Zie-
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yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb
ba, romlebic safuZvlad udevs rogorc normalur, ise aranormalur fsiqikur procesebs. amiT mkvlevarma dasabami misca fsiqikuri daavadebebis, sazrisis mqone fenomenebad ganxilvas. 20-ian wlebSi froidma fsiqikis axali sqema SeimuSava, romelic samnawiliania: igi (germ. Es, ing. Id), me (germ. Ich, ing., Ego) da ze-me (germ. ber-Ich, ing.,
Super-ego). es sqema adamianis fsiqikis warmodgenis kidev erTi mcdelobaa, is avsebs ufro adrindel, aseve samnawilian sqemas, romelic cnobierisagan, winarecnobierisagan da aracnobierisgan Sedgeboda. froidi Seecada, sakuTari fsiqoanalitikuri Teoria gamoeyenebina kulturisa da sazogadoebis zogadi Teoriis asagebad. amas miuZRvna Semdegi mebi: `totemi da tabu~(1913), èrTi iluziis momavali~ (1927), `kulturiT Sro daukmayofilebloba~ (1929) da sxv., romlebSic mocemulia socialuri institutebis genezisis axsnis mcdeloba. froidis koncefciam uzarmazari gavlena moaxdina ara mxolod XX saukunis fsiqologiasa da, zogadad, Teoriul azrovnebaze, aramed xelovnebisa da kulturis ganviTarebazec. froidis Teoriisagan davalebul TeoretikosTa da SemoqmedTa siaSi arian: karl-gustav iungi, herbert markuze, klod levistrosi, salvador dali, jeimz joisi, Tomas mani, d. h. lourensi, alfred hiCkoki, vudi aleni da mravali sxva.
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avtoris Sesaxeb
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Tavi pirveli
sakuTar arsebiT saxelTa daviwyeba

`fsiqiatriisa da nevrologiis yovelTviuri Jurnalis~ 1898 w. gamocemaSi ga movaqveyne patara statia saTauriT `gulmaviwyobis fsiqikuri meqanizmisaTvis~, romlis Sinaarss aqac gavimeoreb da Semdgomi msjelobisas masve daveyrdnobi. iq me fsiqologiurad gavanaalize sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebis droebiTi daviwyebis xSiri SemTxveva, viSveliebdi ra Cemi TviTdakvirvebidan aRebul zedgamoWril magaliTs. davaskveni, rom erTerTi fsiqikuri funqciis _ gaxsenebis moSlis es Cveulebrivi da praqtikulad arc Tu ise Zalian mniSvnelovani erTeuli SemTxveva axsna-ganmartebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, romelic fenomenis Cveulebrivi amokiTxva-amoSifvris farglebs scildeba Tu Zalian ar meSleba albaT fsiqologisaTvis rom axsna gekiTxaT, ratom xdeba, rom viRac ase xSirad ver ixsenebs misTvis nacnob saxelso, igi dakmayofildeboda pasuxiT, rom sakuTari saxelebis daviwyeba ufro iolad xdeba, vidre sxvagvarad damaxsovrebuli Sinaarsisa. igi damajereblad daasabuTebda sakuTari saxelebis amgvar gamorCeulobas, Tumca procesis sxvagvar pirobiTobas ver ivaraudebda. CemTvis saxelebis droebiTi daviwyebis fenomenis safuZvliani Seswavlis sababi gaxda konkretul detalebze dakvirveba, Tumca isini yvelaSi ara, magram calkeul SemTxvevebSi sakmaod naTlad Cans. amgvar SemTxvevebSi xdeba ara marto daviwyeba, aramed araswori gaxseneba. daviwyebuli saxelis magier adamianis cnobierebaSi Caenacvleba surogati saxelebi (Ersatzname), romlebic maSinve aRiqmeba rogorc araswori, Tumca isev da isev xdeba maTi akviateba. saWiro saxelis reproduqciis magier saqme gvaqvs procesis arevasTan da xdeba araswori Canacvleba. Cemi varaudiT es areva fsiqikuri TviTnebobiT ki ar xdeba, aramed kanonzomieri da gamoTvladi gziT mimdinareobs. sxvagvarad rom vTqva, me vvaraudob, rom erTi an ramdenime saTadarigo surogati sityva saWiro sityvasTan aSkara kavSirSia, romlis kvalis migneba SesaZlebelia,
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da vimedovneb, Tu movaxerxeb, es kavSiri davadasturo da naTeli movfino saxelebis daviwyebis process. 1898 wels Cems mier gasaanalizeblad SerCeul magaliTSi, orvietos taZris didebuli freskebis _ `jojoxeTi da mkacri samsjavro~-s Semqmneli ostatis saxeli, vera da ver movigone. sasurveli gvaris sanacvlod _ sinioreli (Signorelli) amekviata ori sxva mxatvris gvari _ botiCeli da boltrafio, romlebic maSinve da garkveviT uaryavi, radgan vicodi, rom araswori iyo. roca sxvisgan movismine swori gvari, maSinve da yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe gamaxsenda igi. imis gamokvlevam, Tu ram iqonia gavlena da ra asociaciuri gzebiT moxda reproduqciis amgvari areva _ sinioreli botiCeliTa da boltrafioTi, migviyvana Semdeg Sedegebamde: a) siniorelis gvaris daviwyebis mizezi arc Tavad am gvaris gansakuTrebulobaSi da arc im konteqstis fsiqologiur xasiaTSia saZiebeli, romelSic igi iyo CarTuli. daviwyebuli gvari CemTvis iseve nacnobi iyo, rogorc erTerTi Canacvlebuli gvari _ botiCeli da gacilebiT ufro metad nacnobi, vidre meore Canacvlebuli gvari _ boltrafio, romlis Sesaxeb mxolod imis Tqma SegviZlia, rom igi milanis skolis warmomadgeneli iyo. is konteqsti ki, ramac ganapiroba gvaris daviwyeba, umniSvnelod meCveneba da Semdgom axsna-ganmartebas ver iZleva: ucxo adamianTan erTad erT vagonSi movxvdi. dalmaTiaSi yofnisas raguzadan movemgzavrebodi hercogovinas erTerTi sadgurisaken saubarSi vaxseneT italiaSi mogzauroba. Cems Tanamgzavrs vkiTxe, iyo Tu ara namyofi orvietoSi da unaxavs Tu ara iq imisi . . . cnobili freskebi. b) gvaris daviwyeba mxolod maSin xdeba gasagebi, roca maxsendeba im saubris winmswrebi Tema da aRiqmeba rogorc axlad aRmocenebuli, wamoWrili Temis Seferxeba
winmswrebi TemiT. sanam Cems Tanamgzavrs vkiTxavdi, iyo Tu ara namyofi orvietoSi, cota xniT adre Cven vsaubrobdiT bosniasa da hercogovinaSi mcxovrebi Turqebis zne-Cveulebebs. me mas manamde vuambe, rac mosmenili mqonda TurqebTan momuSave erT-erTi kolegisgan, rogori pativiscemiT da ndobiT epyrobian isini eqims da mTlianad emorCilebian beds. roca isini igeben rom avadmyofis saSveli ar aris, ase pasuxoben: `batono (Herr) raRa
gveTqmis? vici gadasarCeni rom iyos Sen mas gadaarCendi!~ _ aqve am winadadebebSi vpoulobT sityvebsa da saxelebs: bosnia, hercegovina, RmerTi romlebic sinioreli da botiCeli _ boltrafio asociaciur jaWvSi xvdeba. g) vvaraudob, rom Cemma azrma bosnieli Turqebis zne-Cveulebebze imitom SEeZlo winamorbed fiqrTa msvlelobis Seferxeba, rom me manamde gadavitane misgan yuradReba, sanam bolomde davasrulebdi azrs. saxeldobr maxsendeba, rom vapirebdi meore ambis moyolas, romelic pirvelTan erTad iqve amomitivtivda mexsierebaSi. es Turqebi yvelaze metad afaseben seqsualur gancxromas da sqesobrivi darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi
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sasowarkveTilebaSi vardebian, rac gasaocrad upirispirdeba sikvdilis saSiSroebisadmi gulgrilobas. erTerT pacients Cemi kolegisTvis uTqvams: `Sen xom ici, batono (Heer), Tu es saqme awi veRar gamomiva, maSin sicocxles fasi aRar aqvs~ maTTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebaze laparaki Sewyvite, radgan ar mindoda ucxo adamianTan am Temaze mesaubra. Tumca ufro meti momivida; Cemi yuradReba `sikvdilisa da seq-sualobis~ Temidan sxvaze gadavitane. ramdenime kviriT adre, trafoiSi Cemi xanmokle vizitisas, erTi ambavi Sevityve, romelmac Cemze imoqmeda. pacientma, romelsac me didi jafa da energia Sevalie, ganukurnebeli seqsualuri darRvevis gamo Tavi moikla. namdvilad vici, rom hercogovinaSi im mogzaurobisas es samwuxaro ambavi da yvelaferi, rac amasTan iyo dakavSirebuli Segnebulad ar gamxsenebia. magram trafoisa da boltrafios erTmaneTTan dakavSireba mafiqrebinebs, rom maSin am reminiscenciam Cemze imoqmeda, miuxedavad imisa, rom am faqtze ganzrax movadune yuradReba. d) siniorelis gvaris daviwyebas awi rogorc SemTxveviT movlenas veRar ganvixilav. unda vaRiaro am procesSi motivis gavlena. arsebobda motivebi, romlebic maiZulebdnen fiqrebi (Turqebis zne-Cveulebebze da a.S.) ar gadmomeca da SemdegSic masTan dakavSirebuli azrebi, romelsac SeiZleboda trafois ambamde miveyvane, CemSi gacnobierebamde gamomericxa. e.i. me mindoda raRacis daviwyeba, raRac ganvdevne. yovel SemTxvevaSi sxva ramis daviwyeba mindoda, vidre orvietos ostatis gvaris, magram am sxvam gamoiwvia imis saxelTan asociaciuri kavSiri, ase rom Cemi survilis gamoxatvis aqti mizans ascda da me survilis sawinaaRmdegod erTi rame damaviwyda, maSin roca
meores daviwyeba ganzrax mindoda. mogonebisadmi arasasurveli damokidebuleba

mimarTul iqna erTi Sinaarsis winaaRmdeg; gaxsenebis uunarobam gadmoinacvla win. albaT ufro martivi SemTxveva iqneboda gaxsenebisadmi arasasurveli damokidebuleba (antipaTia) da uunaroba erTi da igive Sinaars rom Seexeboda. _ surogati saxeebi axla ukve aRar meCveneba absoluturad gaumarTleblad, rogorc es iyo axsna-ganmartebamde; isini aseve mimaniSneben (kompromisis saxiT) imaze, Tu risi daviwyeba da risi gaxseneba mindoda da aRmoCnda, rom Cemi ganzraxva, raRac dameviwyebina, arc mTlad gamomivida da arc Tu mTlad CamefuSa. e) Zalze TvalSisacemia kavSiri, romelic damyarda sasurvel saxelsa da gandevnil (sikvdilisa da seqsualobis da a.S.) Temas Soris, sadac saxelebi bosnia, hercogovina, trafoi gvxvdeba. 1898 wlis statiidan gadmotanili sqema TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs am kavSirs.
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Signor
elli
Bo
tticelli
Bo
i traffio
Her
zegowina
Bo
snien
Her
was ist da zu sagen etc.

(batono, razea laparaki . . .)
Trafoi
(sikvdili da seqsualoba)
(gandevnili azrebi)
siniorelis gvari amasTan or nawilad gaiyo. marcvalTa erTi wyvili ucvlelad ganmeorda Canacvlebul surogat gvarSi (elli), meore wyvilma Targmnis meSveobiT Signor
Herr SeiZina mravaljeradi da sxvadasxvagvari mimarTeba gandevnil TemaSi moxseniebul saxelebTan, swored amis gamo aRar moxda misi reproduqcia. misi Canacvleba ise moxda `hercegovinasa da bosniis~ saxeTa kavSiris msgavsad, rom ar momxdara azrisa da marcvalTa akustikuri gamijvna. am procesSi saxelebis iseTi gamoyeneba moxda, rogorc rebusis asoebisa, siniorelis gvaris magier amgvari gziT surogati saxelebis Seqmnis mTeli am procesis Sesaxeb cnobierebas informacia ar miuRia. Tavdapirvelad Zneli misagnebia kavSiri siniorelis gvarTan dakavSirebul Temasa da mis winmswreb gandevnil Temas Soris, rac msgavsi marcvlebis xelaxal dabrunebas scildeba. zedmeti ar iqneboda imis aRniSvna, rom fsiqologebis mier navaraudebi reproduqciisa da daviwyebis pirobebi, romelTa moZieba xdeba garkveul urTierTkavSirsa da ganwyobilebaSi, zemoTaRniSnuli ganmartebis gamo winaaRmdegobas ar awydeba. garkveuli SemTxvevebisaTvis Cven, yvela am karga xnis win aRiarebul momentebs, rasac SeuZlia saxelis daviwyebaze imoqmedos, kidev erTi motivi davamateT da amasTan
araswori gaxsenebis meqanizmi avxseniT. is d i s p o z i c i e b i (midrekilebebi) aucilebelia Cveni SemTxvevisTvisac, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes, rom gandevnilma (Seviwroebulma) elementma asociaciurad imZlavros sasurvel saxelze da Seaviwrovos igi. ufro xelsayreli reproduqciis pirobebis mqone sxva danarCen saxelTan es albaT ar moxdeboda. cxadia, rom daTrgunuli elementi mudam cdilobs sadme sxvagan Tavi iCinos, am warmatebas ki mxolod iq miaRwevs, sadac mas Sesaferisi pirobebi daxvdeba. sxva
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SemTxvevebSi Seviwroeba xdeba funqciis moSlis gareSe, anda marTebulad rom vTqvaT
simptomebis gareSe. daviwyebuli saxelis araswori gaxsenebis pirobebi daskvnis saxiT Semdegnairad SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: 1) misi daviwyebisadmi garkveuli d i s p o z i c i a ; 2) cota xniT adre winmswrebi d a T r g u n v i s (Verdrangung) procesi; 3) konkretul saxelsa da
manamde daTrgunul elements Soris garegnuli asociaciis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba. es ukanaskneli piroba albaT Zlier gadaWarbebulad ar unda SevafasoT, radgan asociaciaze odnavi pretenziebis wayenebisas msgavsi asociaciis ganxorcieleba umravles SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli unda iyos. sxva da ufro Rrmad mimavali sakiTxia, is rom SeiZleba Tu ara amgvari garegnuli asociacia namdvilad sakmarisi piroba iyos imisTvis, rom Seviwroebuli elementi sasurveli saxelis reproduqcias uSlides xels. xom ar xdeba orive aucilebeli Temis ufro axlo kavSiris arseboba. zerele dakvirvebisas am ukanaskneli moTxovnis uaryofis survili gaCndeboda da savsebiT Seusabamo Sinaarsis SemTxvevaSi droiTi momijnaoba SeiZleboda sakmarisadac ki yofiliyo miCneuli. safuZvliani Seswavlisas sul ufro xSirad vawydebiT, rom garegnuli asociaciiT dakavSirebul orive elements (daTrgunuls da axals) garda amisa Sinaarsobrivi kavSiric gaaCnia da siniorelis magaliTic amas amtkicebs. siniorelis magaliTis analiziT miRebuli Sedegis mniSvneloba rasakvirvelia damokidebulia imaze, miviCnevT Tu ara am SemTxvevas tipur Tu calkeul movlenad. me amiT vamtkiceb, rom saxelebis daviwyeba araswori gaxsenebiT saocrad xSirad xdeba ise, rogorc es Cven siniorelis SemTxvevaSi avxseniT. radgan me am fenomens sakuTar Tavze vakvirdebodi, TiTqmis yovelTvis SemeZlo zemoT dasaxelebuli wesiT amexsna igi, rogorc SeviwroebiT motivirebuli. garda amisa Cveni analizis tipuri bunebis sasargeblod kidev sxva Sexedulebac unda moviSvelio. Cemi azriT samarTliani ar iqneboda araswori gaxsenebiT saxeebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebis principuli gamijvna imaTgan, roca araswori saTadarigo saxelebi ar Caenacvleba. es saTadarigo saxelebi mTel rig SemTxvevebSi spontanurad Cndebian; sxva SemTxvevebSi, roca isini spontanurad ar amotivtivdebian SesaZlebelia maTi amotivtiveba yuradRebis daZabvis wyalobiT da isini konkretul kavSirs avlenen gaZevebul elementTan da saZiebel saxelTan, TiTqos isini spontanurad iyon aRmocenebuli. saTadarigo saxelis gacnobierebi saTvis rogorc Cans, ori momenti aris gadamwyveti: erTis mxriv _ yuradRebis daZabva, meores mxriv _ Sina gani piroba, romelic fsiqikur masalasTan aris mibmuli, me SemeZ lo es ukanaskneli ase Tu ise, meti Tu naklebi siadviliT momeZiebia, riTac am orive elements Soris saWiro garegnuli asociacia warmoiqmneboda. araswori gaxsenebiT saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebis mniSvnelovani nawili ukavSirdeba saTadarigo saxel warmoebis
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SemTxvevebs, risTvisac swored `siniorelis~ magaliTis meqanizmi moqmedebs. Tumca me Tavs uflebas ver mivcem vamtkico, rom saxelebis daviwyebis yvela SemTxveva saxeldobr am jgufSi unda SevitanoT. udavod arsebobs saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebi, romlebic gacilebiT ufro martivad xdeba. Cven saqmis mTel arss sakmao sifrTxiliT warmovaCenT, roca vambobT: sakuTari arsebiTi saxelebis ubralo daviwyebis gverdiT arsebobs kidev erTi daviwyeba, romelic gandevniT aris motivirebuli.
Tavi meore
ucxo sityvebis daviwyeba
Cveni mSobliuri enis yoveldRiuri leqsikuri maragi, rogorc Cans, normaluri funqciis farglebSi, dazRveulia daviwyebisagan. ucxo enis sityvaTa maragTan ki Cveulebriv sxvagvarad aris saqme. misi daviwyebisadmi winaswari dispozicia aSkaraa yvela metyvelebis nawilebTan mimarTebaSi, da funqciis darRvevis pirveli maCvenebeli Tavs iCens Cvens gankargulebaSi myofi ucxo enis sityvaTa maragis araTanabarzomierebaSi, Cvens saerTo mdgomareobasa da gadaRlis xarisxSi. es gulmaviwyoba vlindeba SemTxvevaTa erT wyebaSi imave meqanizmiT, romelic `siniorelis~ magaliTma TvalnaTliv dagvanaxa. amis dasturad moviSvelieb erTaderT, Tumca mniSvnelovani TaviseburebebiT gamorCeul analizs, romelic exeba erTi laTinuri citatis ara arsebiTi saxelis daviwyebis SemTxvevas. neba momeciT, es patara SemTxveva warmovaCino srulad da TvalsaCinod. gasul zafxuls vimyofebodi saSvebulebo mogzaurobaSi da nacnoboba ganvaaxle akademiuri ganaTlebis mqone erT mamakacTan. maSinve mivxvdi, rom wakiTxuli hqonda Cemi zogierTi fsiqologiuri statia. rogorRac saubari Seexo Cveni saerTo modgmis socialur mdgomareobas. am pativmoyvare kacma sinanuli gamoTqva imis gamo, rom misi Taoba dakninebisken mieqaneba, sakuTar niWs ar anviTareben da TavianT moTxovnilebas ver ikmayofilebeno. man Tavisi mgznebare sityva daasrula vergiliusis cnobili leqsiT, romelSic sabralo didos eneasisadmi mimarTuli SurisZieba mis STamomavlobaze gadaaqvs: Exoriare..., ufro sworad, mas surda es ase daesrulebina, Tumca citata ver gaixsena da cdilobda daviwyebiT gamowveuli aSkara Cavardna sityvebis gadaadgilebiT daefara: Exoriar(e) ex nostris ossibus ultor! bolos gabrazebulma Tqva: `nu gaqvT aseTi damcinavi saxe, TiTqos Cemi dabneulobdiT xarobdeT, umjobesia SemomeSveleT. leqss raRac aklia. rogor aris sinamdvileSi?~
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siamovnebiT, mivuge me da citata sworad warmovTqvi:
Exoriar(e) a liquis nostris ossibus ultor! `ra sisulelea amgvari sityvis daviwyeba! sxvaTaSoris, Tqvengan gamigia, rom usafuZvlod arafris daviwyeba ar xdeba. Zalian mainteresebs gavigo, ratom damaviwda es ganusazRvreli nacvalsaxeli aliquis~. me es gamowveva siamovnebiT miviRe, radgan Cemi koleqciis gamdidrebis imedi mqonda. me mas vuTxari: axlave gavarkvevT. erTi ram minda gTxovoT mxolod, yvelaferi gulwrfelad da kritikis gareSe miTxraT, ra gaxsendebaT, roca Tqven yovelgvari ganzraxvis gareSe mTeli yuradReba daviwyebul sityvaze gadagaqvT1.
`maS kargi, am dros sasacilo azri mebadeba, es sityva Semdegnairad davyo: a da
liquis~. ras niSnavs es? _ àr vici~. _ mere kidev ra azri gebadebaT? _ ès amgvarad grZeldeba: Reliquien Liquidation Flssigkeit (siTxe) Fluid (Txieri saSualeba). axla xvdebiT?~ vera, jer vera, ganagrZeT. `maxsendeba, ganagrZo man dacinviT, trentoeli simoni, romlis reliqviebi trentos erT-erT eklesiaSi vnaxe ori wlis win. vfiqrob sisxlian braldebaze, rasac swored axla isev ebraelebs uyeneben, klainpaulis (Kleinpaul) naSromze, romelic
yvela am moCvenebiT msxverplebSi inkarnaciebs, ase vTqvaT, mxsnelis axal variants xedavs~. es uecari azri garkveul kavSirSia TemasTan, romelzec vsaubrobdiT, vidre Tqven is laTinuri sityva amogivardebodaT mexsierebidan. `sworia. garda amisa, magondeba erTerT italiur JurnalSi axlaxan wakiTxuli statia. me mgoni aseTi saTauri hqonda: ras ambobs wm. augustinusi qalebis Sesaxeb. amas ra axsnas mouZebniT?~ velodebi. `maSasadame, axla iqneba is, rac aSkarad aranair kavSirSi ar aris Cvens TemasTan~. gTxovT, Tavi SeikavoT yovelgvari kritikisagan da _ ùkve vici, maxsendeba erTi didebuli xandazmuli mamakaci, romelsac Sevxvdi wina kviraSi mogzaurobisas. naRdi originali iyo. did mtacebel frinvels waagavda. Tu gainteresebT, mas benediqti hqvia. yovel SemTxvevaSi, aq erTad jgufdeba wmindanebi da saeklesio mamebi: wm. simoni, wm. augistinusi, wm. benediqtusi. erT saeklesio mamas mgoni orijinesi erqva. samiveni iseTive saxelebia, rogorc pauli, klainpaulis gvarSi. àxla wm. ianuariusi magondeba da misi sisxliani saswauli _ me mgoni, es meqanikurad grZeldeba~. SeeSviT amas; wm. ianuariusi da wm. augustinusi, orive dakavSirebuli arian kalen-
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darTan. ar gindaT, sisxliani saswauli gamaxsenoT? ès Tqven gecodinebaT! neapolis erTerT eklesiaSi kolbaSi inaxeba wminda ianuariusis sisxli, romelic saswaulis meSveobiT garkveul dResaswaulze Txevadi xdeba. xalxs sjera am saocrebisa da Zalian Relaven, Tu raime Seferxebaa, rogorc amas erTxel franguli okupaciis dros hqonda adgili. maSin generalma Tu meSleba? garibaldi xom ar iyo? _ gverdze gaixmo sasuliero piri da Zalze gasagebi JestiT gareT Camwkrivebul jariskacebze miuTiTa da uTxra, imedia, saswauli male aRsruldebao. da marTlac moxda...~ mere? ratom SeCerdiT? àxla raRac gamaxsenda... erTob intimuri ram aris saTqmelad... veraviTar kavSirs ver vxedav da verc saWiroebas, amis Sesaxeb mogiTxroT.~ kavSirze me vifiqreb. TqvenTvis usiamovno ramis moyolas ver gaiZulebT, magram Cemganac nu moiTxovT imis axsnas, Tu ratom dagaviwydaT sityva aliquis. `namdvilad? Tqven ase fiqrobT? uecrad erTi qali gamaxsenda, romlisganac orive CvenTaganisTvis usiamovno ambavi momividoda.~ rom cikli Seuwyda? `rogor gamoicaniT?~ es ukve sirTules ar warmoadgens. Tqven sakmarisad SemamzadeT saamisod. gaixseneT kalendris wmindanebi, sisxlis gaTxevadeba gansazRvrul dRes, amboxi, Tu movlenas adgili ar eqneba, aSkara muqara, rom saswauli unda moxdes, Torem... Tqven xom wminda ianuariusis saswauli gadaamuSaveT da Cinebuli miniSneba gaakeTeT qalis menstrualur periodze. ìse, rom es arc ki vicodi. da Tqven namdvilad TvliT, rom am saSiSi molodinis gamo ver SevZeli sityvis aliquis reproducireba?~ amaSi eWvi ar mepareba. aba gaixseneT Tqvens mier danawevrebuli sityva a - liquis da asociaciebi: Reliquen, Liquidation, siTxe. reliqvia likvidacia, gnebavT amave kavSirSi Cavaqsovo jer kidev bavSvobisas msxverplSewiruli wminda simoni, romelic Tqven reliqviebTan dakavSirebiT ga gaxsendaT? ùmjobesia, ara. imedi maqvs, seriozulad ar miiCnevT am Cems fiqrebs. samagierod unda vaRiaro Tqvens winaSe, rom is qalbatoni italielia, masTan erTad movinaxule neapoli. gana es SemTxveviTobas ar unda mivaweroT?~ es Tqveni gansjisTvis momindvia, yvela am kavSirs SemTxveviTobiT axsniT Tu ara. me ki getyviT, yoveli msgavsi SemTxveva, romlis gaanalizebas moindomebT, aseve ucnaur `SemTxvevebamde~ migiyvanT2. uamravi safuZveli gamaCnia am patara analizis saTanadod Sesafaseblad, rasac
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me Cems masindel Tanamgzavrs vumadli. erTi mxriv, am SemTxvevaSi me ufleba momeca gamomeyenebina is wyaro, romelic CemTvis daxSuli iyo. ZiriTadad iZulebuli var, yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqikuri moSlilobis magaliTebi, rasac aq vuyri Tavs, Cemi dakvirvebidan moviSvelio. Cemi nevrotuli pacientebis mier mowodebul gacilebiT ufro mdidar masalas vcdilob Tavi avarido, SiSiT, rom Semomedavebian, es fenomenebi nevrozis gamoxatuleba da Sedegiao. Cemi miznebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, roca jansaRi nervebis mqone ucxo piri amgvari kvlevis obieqtad momevlineba. sxva mxriv, es analizi CemTvis mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom igi naTels hfens sityvis daviwyebis SemTxvevas saTadarigo sityvis gaxsenebis gareSe da Cems adrindel winadadebas adasturebs, rom araswori sanacvlo mogonebebis amotivtiveba Tu ararseboba arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan3.
aliquis-is magaliTis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba mdgomareobs `siniorelis~ SemTxvevis erTerT sxva gansxvavebaSic. bolo magaliTSi saxelis reproduqcia ferxdeba cota xniT adre dawyebuli da Sewyvetili fiqris msvlelobis momdevno moqmedebis Sedegad, romlis Sinaarsi axal TemasTan aranairad gamokveTil kavSirSi ar iyo. daTrgunuli da daviwyebuli saxelis Temas Soris arsebobda mxolod droSi urTierTSexeba; orive erTmaneTTan kavSirSia garegnuli asociaciis meSveobiT4. Aliquis-is magaliTSi ki ar aris amgvari damoukidebeli daTrgunuli Tema, romelic manamde iyo fiqris sagani da axla mxolod xelisSemSlel faqtorad gvevlineba. reproduqciis Seferxeba xdeba mocemuli Temis Signidan, maSin, roca gauTviTcnobiereblad iqmneba winaaRmdegoba citataSi mocemul ideasTan. procesis konstruireba Semdegnairad unda moxdes: mosaubrem sinanuli gamoTqva, rom misi xalxis Tanamedrove Taoba TavianT uflebebSi izRudeba; daTrgunuli axali Taoba Surs iZiebs, winaswarmetyvelebs igi didonas msgavsad. maSasadame, man STamomavlobis survili gamoxata. amasobaSi sapirispiro fiqrma gauelva: `namdvilad ase mondomebiT isurvebdi STamomavlobas? ar aris marTali. rogor Secbebodi, axla rom SenTvis ambavi moeta naT, rom im meore mxridan, visac Sen icnob, STamomavals elodebi. ara, araviTari STa momavloba, Tumca, igi Cven SurisZiebisTvis gvWirdeba~. es winaaRmdegoba an gariSgasawevia, roca igi zustad iseve, rogorc `siniorelis~ magaliTSi, garegnul asociacias aRadgens misi warmosaxvis elementTagansa da sadavo survilis elements Soris, da amjerad ki ukiduresad Zalismieri xerxiT xelovnurad moCvenebadi asociaciuri SemovliTi gziT. meore arsebiTi Sesabamisoba (damTxveva) siniorelis magaliTTan Cans imaSi, rom winaaRmdegoba Seviwroebuli wyaroebidan modis da fiq rebidan gamomdinareobs, romlebic yuradRebis gafantvas (sxvaze gadatanas) ga moiwvevda. _ es mindoda meTqva saxelis daviwyebis orive paradigmis Sinagan na Tesaobasa da gansxvavebulobaze. Cven gavecaniT daviwyebis (gulmaviwyobis) meore meqanizms, Sinagani winaaRmdegobis meSveobiT daTrgunuli fiqris Seferxebas. am process, romelic ufro iolad gasagebi
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gveCveneba, Semdgom axsna-ganmartebebSi xelaxla SevxvdebiT. Tavi mesame
saxelebisa da sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyeba
ucxoenobriv teqstSi sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyebis zemoT ganxiluli magaliTebidan gamomdinare Cndeba kiTxva, esaWiroeba Tu ara mSobliur enaze sityvaTa Tanmimdevrobis daviwyebas arsebiTad sxvagvari axsna, Tu motivacia orive SemTxvevaSi erTnairia. rogorc wesi, ar gvaocebs is faqti, rom zepirad naswavli formulis an leqsis reproducireba garkveuli periodis Semdeg mxolod arasworad, mcire cvlilebebiT da adgilebis gamotovebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli. magram radgan es daviwyeba erTnairad ar exeba saerTo konteqstSi daswavlils, aramed iqmneba iseTi STabeWdileba, TiTqos mTels raRac pawawina namcecebi mowyda, fuW Sromad namdvilad ar CagveTvleba, Tu teqs tis SecdomebiT reproducirebis calkeul magaliTebs analitikurad ganvixilavT. erTi axalgazrda kolega CemTan saubrisas gamoTqvamda varauds, rom mSobliur enaze naswavli leqsebis daviwyebas igive motivacia udevs safuZvlad, rac ucxoe nobrivi teqstis sityvaTmimdevrobis calkeuli nawilebis mexsierebidan droebiT amovardnas. bolos Tavisi varaudis dasamtkiceblad eqsperimentis mowyoba SemomTavaza, xolo cdis obieqtad _sakuTari Tavi. vkiTxe, romeli leqsis magaliTze isurvebda aRniSnuli eqsperimentis Catarebas. man goeTes leqsi sacole korinTidan~ airCia. Tqva, rom es leqsi gansakuTrebulad uyvars da darwmunebulia, rom calkeuli strofebi mainc zepirad axsovs. teqstis reproduqciis dawyebisTanave aSkara yoymani daetyo. <<rogor aris, `korinTidan aTens gaswia~, _ mkiTxa man,_ Tu `korinTisken gas wia aTenidan~?>> erT momentSi mec daveWvdi, Tumca saTauri maleve gamaxsenda da siciliT SevniSne, rom leqss sacole korinTidan~ hqvia da es ukve aSkarad miuTiTebs, saiT mimaval gzas dasdgomia ymawvili. amis Semdeg pirveli strofis reproduqcia uproblemod ganviTarda, yovel SemTxvevaSi, TvalSisacem darRvevebs adgili ar hqonia. pirveli striqonis Semdeg kolegas Seetyo, rom sityvebs eZebda; Tumca maleve gaagrZela da strofi amgvarad gadmosca:
Aber wird er auch willkommen scheinen, Jetzt, wo jeder Tag was Neues bringt? Denn er ist noch Heide mit den Seinen Und sie sind Christen und getauft. 5
me aqamdec daeWvebiT vusmendi, bolo striqonis dasrulebis Semdeg ki oriveni
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mivxvdiT, rom aq udaod raRac damaxinjebas hqonda adgili. radgan swori variantis aRdgena ver SevZeliT, saswrafod biblioTekas mivaSureT da wigni moviZieT. goeTes leqsSi Cvenda gasaocrad aRmovaCineT, rom am strofis meore striqons sruliad sxva mimdevroba hqonda, romelic Cemi kolegis mexsierebidan TiTqosda amovardniliyo da, Canda, raRac ucxoTi Canacvlebuliyo. goeTesTan es striqoni Semdegnairad ikiTxeboda:
Aber wird er auch willkommen scheinen, W e n n e r t e u e r n i c h t d i e G u n s t e r k a u f t.6

sityva erkauft` (daujda) eriTmeba sityvas getauft` da ucnaurad momeCvena rom Cems kolegas teqstis aRdgenaSi ase umniSvnelo daxmareba gauwia sityvaTa mimdevrobam:
warmarTi, qristianebi da monaTluli. riT SegiZliaT axsnaT, rom savaraudod TqvenTvis Zalian kargad nacnob leqsSi erTi striqoni ase mTlianad amoagdeT da Tu SegiZliaT warmoidginoT, ra konteqstidan moitaneT sityvaTa is Tanmimdevroba, romliTac CaanacvleT aRniSnuli striqoni? _ aseTi kiTxviT mivmarTe Cems axalgazrda kolegas. man SeZlo axsna moeZebna momxdarisTvis, magram rogorc etyoboda, es ganmarteba maincdamainc didi siamovnebiT ar gaukeTebia. << striqoni: àxla, roca yovel dRes raRac axali moaqvs~ mecnoba; me mgoni, cota xnis win swored es fraza vixmare Cems samedicino praqtikasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis bolodroindeli warmatebebiT, rogorc iciT, axla Zalian kmayofili var. magram rogor moxvda es winadadeba am leqsSi? me aseT kavSirs vxedav: striqoni, `T u Z v i r a d a r d a u j d a e s w y a l o b a ~ , etyoba, CemSi usiamo grZnobas iwvevs. is ukavSirdeba xelis Txovnas, razedac pirvelad uari miviRe, da rasac kvlav vapireb, viTvaliswineb ra Cems bolo dros zedmiwevniT gaumjobesebul materialur mdgomareobas. mets verafers getyviT, magram darwmunebuli var, namdvilad ar mesiamovneba, Tu Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi magrZnobineben, rom amjeradac iseTive gaTvlam Seasrula gadamwyveti roli, rogorc maSin, Cemi uariT gamostumrebis SemTxvevaSi.>> am ganmartebam CemTvis yvelaferi naTeli gaxada, ise rom aRarc mWirdeboda garemoebebSi ufro dawvrilebiT Caxedva. mainc gavagrZele SekiTxvebis dasma: rogor mixvediT saerTod iqamde, rom Tqveni piraduli momentebi goeTes leqsis sacole korinTidan~ teqstSi CarTeT? iqneb Tqvens SemTxvevaSi religiuri aRmsareblobis iseTive gansxvavebebTan gvaqvs saqme, rogoric am leqsSia gamoxatuli?
Keimt ein Glaube neu, wird oft Lieb und Treu,
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wie ein bses Unkraut ausgerauft.7 marTalia, sworad ver gamovicani, magram gamikvirda, roca davinaxe, rogor gaunaTa uceb goneba am kacs erTma kargad gamiznulma SekiTxvam. man pasuxad miTxra is, rac aqamde sakuTari TavisTvisac ver gaemJRavnebina. miyurebda Sewuxebuli da ukmayofilo mzeriT da TavisTvis butbutebda leqsis momdevno strofs: Sieh sie an genau! Morgen ist sie grau. 8
da mokled daamata: Ees gogona cotaTi ufrosia Cemze. Mgadavwyvite, metad aRar dametanja da gamokiTxva Sevwyvite. Gganmarteba sakmarisi meCvena. Tumca namdvilad gasaocari iyo, rom Cemi mcdeloba, damedgina mexsierebis erTi sruliad uvnebeli Secdomis mizezi, Cemi gamokiTxvis obieqtis ase Soreul, intimur da uxerxuli afeqtis Tanmxleb garemoebas Seexo. erTi cnobili leqsis sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyebis sxva magaliTi k. g. iungs minda davesesxo da avtoris sityvebiTve daviwyo: erTma batonma cnobili leqsis mxatvrulad wakiTxva moisurva: Èin Fichtenbaum steht einsam usw~.9 striqonze Ìhn schlaefert~,10 uimedod Seferxda da absoluturad daaviwyda momdevno sityvebi `mit weisser Decke~.11 amgvari daviwyeba aseT cnobil leqsSi maSinve TvalSi momxvda da vTxove, aRedgina, ra azrebi mouvida TavSi sityvebTan dakavSirebiT _ `TeTri saburveliT~. ase warmoiSva azrTa Semdegi rigiToba: `TeTri saburvelis gaxsenebisas s u d a r a momagonda, qsovilis naWeri, romelsac micvalebuls afareben _ (pauza) _ amis Semdeg axlo megobari gamaxsenda _ mas sruliad axalgazrda Zma uecrad moukvda _ gulis SeteviT gardaicvala _ Tumca a s e v e zedmeti simsuqnec iyo misi sikvdilis meore mizezi _ Cemi megobari garegnobiT Zalian hgavs Zmas, a s e v e Zalian msuqania _ da me ukve davfiqrdi, xom SeiZleba isic a s e v e gardaicvalos _ Tanac Zalian cotas moZraobs; misi sikvdilis Sesaxeb rom Sevity ve, uceb SemeSinda, mec xom SeiZleba a s e v e damemarTos, miT ufro rom Cvens ojaxSi yvelani simsuqnisaken varT midrekili, Tan babuaCemic gulis SeteviT gardaicvala. vTvli, rom mec sakmaod msuqani var da swored amitom daviwye am dReebSi gasaxdomi procedurebis Catareba.~ gamodis, rom am batonma sakuTari Tavi aracnobierad maSinve fiWvis xesTan gaaigiva~, _ SeniSnavs iungi, _ romelic micvalebulis sudariT iyo Seburvili~. mas Semdeg uamravi sxva eqsperimenti Cavatare sityvaTmimdevrobis SecdomiT reproduqciasa da daviwyebasTan dakavSirebiT da am gamokvlevaTa Sedegebis Tanxvedris gamo vixrebi swored im varaudisken, rom leqsebis aliquis~ da sacole korinTidan~
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magaliTebze naCvenebi daviwyebis meqanizmi TiTqmis sazogado xasiaTisaa. Uumetes SemTx vevaSi mainca da mainc mosaxerxebeli ar aris amgvari analizis Catareba, radgan es, rogorc wina SemTxvevebSi moxda, mudmivad dadis eqsperimentis obieqtisTvis metad intimur da uxerxul sakiTxebamde. Aamitom bevri aseTi magaliTis dasaxelebisagan Tavs Sevikaveb. miuxedavad masalis gansxvavebisa saerTo niSani Aam SemTxvevebisaTvis is aris, rom daviwyebuli an damaxinjebulad gaxsenebuli sityvaTmimdevroba romeliRac asociaciuri gziT ukavSirdeba aracnobieri azris Sinaarss, saidanac gamomdinareobs efeqti, romelic daviwyebis saxiT vlindeba. kvlav sakuTari saxelebis daviwyebis sakiTxs mivubrundebi, romelTan mimarTebaSic Cven aqamde arc calkeuli SemTxvevebi gamogvikvlevia amomwuravad da arc motivebi. radgan mexsierebis amgvar darRvevebs drodadro sakuTar Tavzec sakmaod kargad SemiZlia davakvirde, saamisod magaliTebic sakmarisad maqvs. ramdenime saaTiT adre swored saxelebis daviwyebiT vxvdebi msubuqi Sakikis moaxloebas, romliTac dRemde vitanjebi. xolo maSin, roca Sakiki piks aRwevs, _ sxvaTaSoris am dros samuSaosTvis Tavis ganebeba ar mixdeba _ `xSirad arcerTi saxeli da gvari ar maxsovs. SeiZleboda swored iseTi SemTxvevebi rogoric Cemia, sababad gamoeyenebinaT Cvens oponentebs da principulad dapirispirebodnen Cvens analitikur mcdelobebs. unda gamovitanoT Tu ara amgvari dakvirvebebidan daskvna, rom gamomwvevi mizezi gulmaviwyobisa, kerZod ki gvar-saxelebis daviwyebisa Tavis tvinis saerTo da cirkulaciis darRvevebSi aris saZiebeli? xom ar niSnavs es imas, rom Tavi unda davaneboT am fenomenis fsiqologiurad axsnis mcdelobebs? me vfiqrob, araviTar SemTxvevaSi! radgan qmedebis yvela SemTxvevisaTvis erTgvarovani meqanizmi SesaZloa mis cvalebad da ara aucileblad saWiro TanaqmedebaSi agverios. SekamaTebis nacvlad mxolod aseTi Sedarebis moyvaniT Semovifarglebi: davuSvaT, iseTi daufiqrebloba gamoviCine, rom RamiT, didi qalaqis ukacriel ubanSi saseirnod marto wavedi. am dros Tavs damesxnen da saaTi da safule wamarTves. policiis uaxloes ganyofilebaSi gakeTebul werilobiT gancxadebaSi aseTi frazebi Cavwere: me viyavi ama da am quCaze, iq martoobam da sibnelem saaTi da safule wamarTves. Tumca am sityvebiT iseTi araferi miTqvams, rac simarTles ar Seefereba, magram mainc memuqreba safrTxe, rom Cemi gancxadebis teqstSi aseTi sityvaTmimdevrobis gamo aranormalurad CamTvlian. saqmis arsi koreqtulad mxolod amgvarad SeiZleba gadmoices: SemTxvevis adgilis ukacrielobam xeli Seuwyo imas, rom Ramis wyvdiadSi gamoCenilma ucnobma borotmoqmedma Zvirfaseuloba wamarTva. saqmis garemoeba saxelebis daviwyebisas sxvagvari verc iqneba. ucnobi fsiqikuri Zala daRlilobis, cirkulaciis darRvevis da intoqsikaciis xelSewyobiT marTmevs saSualebas visargeblo im saxelebiT, romlebic Cemi mexsierebis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. es igive fsiqikuri Zalaa, romelsac sxva SemTxvevebSic, maSin roca adamiani sruliad janmrTeli da si-
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cocxlisunariania, SeuZlia misi mexsierebis darRveva gamoiwvios. roca Tavsgadamxdar SemTxvevebs vaanalizeb, sistematurad vawydebi erTi da igive moments, kerZod, daviwyebuli saxeli uSualod ukavSirdeba im Temas, romelic Cems pirovnebasTan axlo SexebaSia, da SeuZlia Zlieri, xSir SemTxvevaSi uxerxuli efeqtebic gamoiwvios CemSi. ciurixis skolis (b l o i l e r i , i u n g i , r i k l i n i ) mosaxerxebeli da Zalian kargi swavlebis mixedviT zemoT Tqmuli aseTi formiT SemiZlia gamovxato: daviwyebulma saxelma pirovnuli kompleqsi~ gaaRviZa CemSi. saxelis damokidebuleba Cems pirovnebasTan warmoadgens moulodneli, metwilad zedapiruli asociaciis (sityvis mravalmniSvnelovneba, msgavsi JReradoba) gziT mowodebul damokidebulebas. zogadad mas SeiZleba ewodos EgverdiTi (arapirdapiri) damokidebuleba. mis bunebas saukeTesod axsnis ramdenime martivi magaliTi: ^1) erTi pacienti mTxovs, vurCio romelime kurorti rivieraze. vici erTi aseTi adgili genuasTan sul axlos. vixseneb Cemi germaneli kolegis saxelsac, romelic iq muSaobs, magram TviTon adgilis dasaxelebis gaxsenebas verafriT vaxerxeb, miuxedavad imisa, rom darwmunebuli var, vici. meti araferi damrCenia, pacients vTxov, cota xans damelodos da saswrafod ojaxis wevrebs vukavSirdebi. ra hqvia im kurorts genuasTan axlos, sadac doqtor N-s Tavisi patara klinika aqvs da sadac imden xans mkurnalobda is qali?~ saocari ar aris, rom swored Sen dagaviwyda eg saxeli. im adgils xom n e r v i hqvia.~ nervebTan ki marTlac sakmaod bevri Sexeba maqvs Cemi saqmianobidan gamomdinare! 2) meore pacienti axlomdebare kurortis Sesaxeb melaparakeba da amtkicebs, iq ori Zalian cnobili restornis garda kidev erTi aris, romelTanac garkveuli mogonebebi makavSirebs, saxelsac axlave getyviTo. me TavgamodebiT uarvyof mesame restornis arsebobas da vimowmeb im faqts, rom Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi zedized yovel zafxuls swored im kurortze visvenebdi, da Sesabamisad is adgili me ukeT unda vicode, vidre man. Cemma winaaRmdegobam pacienti ise gaaRiziana, rom ukve saxelis gaxsenebac SeZlo. restorans h o x v a r t n e r i erqva. aq ki iZulebuli gavxdi dameTmo, ufro sworad meRiarebina, rom Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi swored am Cems mier uaryofili restornis gverdiT vcxovrobdi. rogor moxda, rom sagnis arsebobac damaviwyda da misi saxelic? me mgoni, imitom rom es saxelwodeba zedmiwevniT kargad maxsenebs erTi Cemi veneli kolegis gvars da kvlavac profesiul kompleqsebs~ aRviZebs CemSi. 3) erTxelac, is iyo sadgur raixenhalSi bileTis yidva davapire, erTbaSad amomvarda Tavidan momdevno didi sadguris dasaxeleba, arada, am sadgurze araerTxel Camovsulvar. mTeli seriozulobiT Sevudeqi rukaze mis Zebnas. sadgurs r o z e n h a i m i hqvia. maSinve mivxvdi, romelma asociaciam amomigdo es saxeli mexsierebidan. erTi saaTis win Cemi da movinaxule, romelic raixenhalTan Zalian axlos cxovrobs. Cems das roza hqvia. e. i. gamodis, rom rozenhaimSi ukve viyavi (Heim germanulad sacxovre-
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bels, saxls niSnavs). es saxelwodeba ojaxurma~ kompleqsma damaviwya. 4) ojaxuri kompleqsis~ am swored rom mtacebluri zemoqmedebis damadasturebeli uamravi magaliTis moyvana SemiZlia. erT mSvenier dRes axalgazrda kaci movida CemTan miRebaze, Cemi erT-erTi pacientis umcrosi Zma, romelic aqamdec mravaljer menaxa da Cveulebisamebr saxeliT mivmarTavdi. mogvianebiT, roca am vizitis Sesaxeb raRacis Tqma davapire, verafriT movaxerxe misi saxelis gaxseneba, arada saqme sruliad Cveulebriv da sakmaod gavrcelebul saxels exeboda. mere quCaSi gavedi, rom firmebis firniSebi dameTvalierebina, da saxe lic maSinve gamaxsenda, pirveli SexvedrisTanave. SemTxvevis analizma naTlad damanaxa, rom me miRebaze mosulsa da Cems sakuTar Zmas Soris paraleli gavavle, romlis kulminacia amgvarad saxecvlil kiTxvaSi gamoixata: igive SemTxvevaSi Cemi Zmac aseve moiqceoda Tu piriqiT? garegnuli dakavSireba ucxo da sakuTar ojaxebs Soris SemTxveviTobis wyalobiT gaxda SesaZlebeli. aRmoCnda, rom dedebs iqac da Cvens ojaxSic erTi da igive saxeli erqvaT: amalia. mere Camnacvlebel surogat saxelebsac mivageni: danieli da franci. es saxelebi uneburad momivida TavSi, axsna-ganmartebis gareSe. isini, amalias msgavsad, S i l e r i s `yaCaRebSi~ gvxvdeba, romelTa saxelebs ukavSirdeboda veneli d a n i e l S p i c e r i s erTi cnobili anekdoti. 5) erTxelac verafriT gavixsene pacientis saxeli, romelTanac axalgazrdobisdroindeli, Zalian mWidro mogonebebi makavSirebda. Catarebulma analizma Zalian grZeli, SemovliTi gziT matara, vidre sasurvel saxelamde mimiyvanda. pacientma SiSi gamoTqva, TvalisCini ar davkargoo. am naTqvamma erTi axalgazrda kaci gamaxsena, romelsac tyvia moxvda da dabrmavda. am mogonebam kidev erTi ymawvilis suraTi amomitivtiva, romelmac cecxlsasroli iaraRiT Tavis mokvla scada. am ukanasknels igive gvari hqonda, rac pirvel pacients, miuxedavad imisa, rom erTmaneTis naTesavebi ar iyvnen. gvaris gaxseneba mxolod mas Semdeg movaxerxe, roca am ori, axalgazrdobisdroindeli SemTxvevidan gadmomeca SiSnarevi molodinis gancda, romelic Tavis mxriv Cemi ojaxis wevrs ukavSirdeboda. Cemi azrovnebis gavliT miedineba TviTdamokidebuleba~ (Eigenbeziehung) mudmivi nakadi, saidanac me, rogorc wesi, araviTar informacias ar viReb, magram es nakadi Tavs swored saxelebis daviwyebiT avlens. ise memarTeba, TiTqos iZulebuli vxdebi, rom yvelaferi, rasac ucxo adamianebze gavigeb, sakuTar pirovnebas Sevadaro, TiTqos Cemi pirovnuli kompleqsebi sxvebze yoveli informaciis miRebisTanave gaaqtiurebas iwyebdes. arafriT ar SeiZleba es Cemi pirovnebis individualuri xasiaTis Tavisebureba iyos. is albaT ufro miTiTebaa imaze, Tu saerTod rogor gvesmis fenomeni sxva~. me gamaCnia safuZveli, vivaraudo, rom sxva individebsac msgavsi SegrZnebebi aqvT. amasTan dakavSirebiT mSvenieri istoria momiTxro sakuTari cxovrebidan erTma
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batonma, gvarad l e d e r e r m a . veneciaSi saqorwino mogzaurobisas erT batons Sexvedria, romelsac Turme Soridan icnobda. axladSerTuli meuRlisaTvis misi wardgena moundomebia, magram gvari daviwyebia, da uxerxuli mdgomareobidan Tavis dasaRwevad isRa mouxerxebia, rom gvaris nacvlad raRac gaurkveveli sityva specialurad xmadabla da luRluRiT warmouTqvams. meored Sexvedrisas, _ amas veneciaSi yofnis dros adamiani ubralod versad gaeqceva, _ es kaci gverdze gauxmia da TxovniT miumarTavs, rogorme am uxerxuli mdgomareobidan damixseniT da Tqveni saxeli da gvari gamaxseneTo. ucnobis pasuxi dasturia imisa, rom es ukanaskneli zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda adamianebs da maT Sinagan bunebas. eWvic ar mepareba, rom ver daimaxsovreT Cemi gvari. me da Tqven xom erTi da igive gvari gvaqvs: l e d e r e r i ! _ upasuxia mas. veravin gaeqceva im odnav usiamovno SegrZnebas, romelic eufleba adamians, roca gaigebs, rom misi sakuTar saxelsa da gvars viRac sruliad ucxo adamiani atarebs. es gancda did-xans ar mtovebda mas Semdeg, roca erT mSvenier dRes CemTan miRebaze vinme z . f r o i d i gamocxadda. (sxvaTaSoris aqve viTvaliswineb Cemi erTerTi oponentis pozicias, romelic amtkicebs, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSi TviTon sruliad sapirispiro reaqcia eqneboda). 6) TviTdamokidebulebis gavlenas aseve kargad vxedavT i u n g i s mier SemoTavazebul Semdeg magaliTze: vinme baton Y-s uimedod Seuyvarda erTi qalbatoni, romelic male baton X-ze daqorwinda. miuxedavad imisa, rom batoni Y baton X -s sakmaod didi xania icnobda da masTan saqmiani urTierTobebic ki akavSirebda, am qorwinebis Semdeg gamudmebiT aviwy deboda misi gvari. batoni Y araerTxel gamxdara iZulebuli sxvebisTvis ekiTxa misi saxeli da gvari, roca batoni X-isTvis saqmiani werilis miwera sWirdeboda~. am SemTxvevaSi saxelis daviwyebis motivacia bevrad ufro gamWvirvale da gasagebia, vidre wina magaliTebSi, romelTaA motivirebac uSualod TviTdamokidebulebis gavleniT aixsneba. bolos moyvanil magaliTSi aSkarad Cans, rom daviwyeba pirdapiri Sedegia im antipaTiisa, romelic gauCnda baton Y-s Tavisi bednieri metoqis mimarT. mas aRaraferi surs icodes mis Sesaxeb: urCevnia saerTod aRar axsovdes is~. 7) sxvagvarad da Zalian daxvewilad motivirebulia gvar-saxelis daviwyebis qvemoT moyvanili SemTxveva, romelic TviTonve gaanaliza adamianma, romelsac es ambavi gadaxda: roca damatebiT sagnad arCeul filosofiaSi gamocdas vabarebdi, gamomcdelma mkiTxa, ra vicodi epikures moZRvrebis Sesaxeb da mere mkiTxa, xom ar vicodi, vin iyo misi moZRvrebis mimdevari Semdgom saukuneebSi. me davusaxele pier gasendi, romlis gvarsac ori dRis win SemTxveviT movkari yuri kafeSi. gakvirvebuli gamomcdelis SekiTxvaze, saidan vicodi pier gasendi rom epikures mowafe iyo, Tamamad vupasuxe,
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rom didi xania gasendiT viyavi dainteresebuli. Cemma pasuxma Sedegad magna cum
laude-s mowmoba momitana, da samwuxarod jiuti midrekilebac, gamudmebiT damviwyeboda gasendis saxeli da gvari. me mgoni, sindisis qenjnas ganvicdidi maSin naTqvami tyuilis gamo da amis brali iyo, rom, miuxedavad didi Zalisxmevisa, ver vimaxsovrebdi gasendis gvars. me xom is wesiT arc maSin unda mcodnoda~. Tu gvinda sworad SevafasoT Cveni informatoris siZulvilis intensivobis xarisxi gamocdis epizodis gaxsenebisadmi, unda vicodeT, rad uRirs am adamians Tavisi doqtoris xarisxi, da ris kompensacias aZlevs is. 8) doqtori ed. h i C m a n i : baton N-s surs Tanamosaubres wignebiT movaWre firmis G i l h o f e r & R a n s c h b u r g saxelwodeba dausaxelos. didi Zalisxmevis miuxedavad mxo-lod meore gvari ranSburgi axsendeba, Tumca es firma misTvis kargad nacnobia. am faqtis gamo cota ar iyos ukmayofilo brundeba Sin. gamomdinare iqidan, rom misTvis es saqme sakmaod mniSvnelovania, ukve CaZinebul Zmas aRviZebs da firmis saxelwodebis pirveli naxevris dasaxelebas sTxovs. es ukanasknelic myisve usaxelebs gilhoferis gvars. baton N-s `gilhoferis~ gagonebisTanave sityva `galhofi~ axsendeba. ramdenime Tvis win `galhofSi~ erTi metad momxibvleli qaliSvilis TanxlebiT sasiamovnod mosagonari gaseirneba moawyo. gogonam maSin nivTic usaxsovra, romelzedac waawera `galhofSi gatarebuli lamazi saaTebis mosagoneblad~. ramdenime dRis win ki ujris naCqarevad daxurvis dros batonma N-ma SemTxveviT seriozulad daaziana es saxsovari. TavisTavad cxadia, amis gamo Tavs damnaSaved grZnobda. garda amisa, bolo dReebSi erTgvar ambivalentur ganwyobaze iyo qalbatonis mimarT, romelic, marTalia, uyvarda, magram qalis survilis dakmayofilebas daqorwinebis Taobaze, Tavs aridebda da SeZlebisdagvarad aWianurebda~. 9) roca 1 9 1 5 wels omi daiwyo italiasTan, sakuTar Tavze dakvirvebisas aRmovaCine, rom italiis mTeli rigi qalaqebisa da sxva adgilebis dasaxelebebi mexsierebidan amomivarda. es is saxelebi iyo, romelTac xSirad viyenebdi da kargad maxsovda. bevri sxva germanelis msgavsad mec wesad mqonda, Svebulebis erTi nawili aucileblad italiis miwaze gametarebina. eWvic ar Semparvia imaSi, rom italiuri saxelwodebebis es masiuri daviwyeba gamoxatuleba iyo im gasagebi mtruli ganwyobisa, romelmac Caanacvla uwindeli siyvarulis grZnoba am qveynis mimarT.am pirdapiri motivaciis garda me saxelwodebebis daviwyebis arapirdapiri motivaciac aRmovaCine, romelic imave gavleniT aixsneboda. ganwyobili viyavi, sxva, araitaliuri saxelwodebebic dameviwyebina da am SemTxvevebis gaanalizebisas aRmovaCine, rom isini raRaciT magonebda CemTvis saZraxis, mtrul saxelebs. bevri viwvale erT dRes moraviis qalaq b i z e n c i s gaxsenebaze. roca bolos da bolos gamaxsenda, ukve vicodi, rom es daviwyeba orvietoSi mdebare sasaxle b i z e n c i s ukavSirdeboda. romelSic ganTavsebulia sastumro Belle Arti da romelSic me orvietoSi yofnisas davbinavdi. sasiamovno mogonebebi ukiduresad
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daaziana Secvlilma emociurma ganwyobam. sasargeblo iqneboda gagvexsenebina ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic gviCvenebs, rogor SeiZleba Cadges sxvadasxvagvari ganzraxvis aRsrulebis samsaxurSi saxelebis daviwyebis fenomeni. 10) doqtori hans z a q s i : erT dRes axalgazrda kacma pansionSi ingliseli gogona gaicno da maSinve moewona. imave saRamos Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. axalgazrda kaci gogonas missave mSobliur inglisur enaze esaubreboda, romelsac sakmaod kargad flobda. raRac momentSi sityva Gold-is (oqro) gamoyeneba dasWirda, magram miuxedavad didi mondomebisa, verafriT SeZlo sasurveli sityvis gaxseneba. sanacvlod mexsierebaSi jiutad amoutivtivda franguli or, laTinuri aurum da berZnuli chrysos, da gaWirvebiT moaxerxa maTi Tavidan moSoreba, Tanac darwmunebulic iyo, rom am sityvebs araferi hqondaT saerTo im sityvasTan, romelsac uSedegod eZebda. bolos isRa darCa, xeliT Sexeboda gogonas TiTze wamocmul oqros beWeds da am gziT gaegebnebina mosaubrisTvis saTqmeli. saSinlad Sercxva, roca gogonam auxsna, rom sityva, romelic verafriT gaexsenebina, zustad germanuli sityvis (Gold) identuri iyo. didi mniSvneloba amgvari, am SemTxvevaSi sityvis daviwyebiT ganpirobebuli Sexebisa, ara mxolod imaSi mdgomareobs, rom axalgazrda kacma qalis Rirsebis Seulaxavad daikmayofila masTan fizikuri Sexebis wyurvili, risTvisac Seyvarebulebi SemTxvevas xelidan arc arasodes uSveben xolme, aramed ufro metad imaSi, rom am Sexebam SesaZlebeli gaxada, kacs gogonasTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi ganzraxvis samomavlo perspeqtivebi daenaxa. qalis aracnobieri, _ gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, Tu qali Tavisi partnioris mimarT simpaTias grZnobs, _ myisve gamoicnobs daviwyebis uvnebel niRabs amofarebul erotiul survils. is, Tu rogor aRiqvams qali am Sexebas da ra motivacias mouZebnis mas, iqceva orivesTvis gaucnobierebel, magram Zalian mniSvnelovan saSualebad es-es aris dawyebuli flirtis samomavlo Sansebis urTierTSesaTanxmeblad~. SemeZlo ufro meti magaliTi momeyvana saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevebze, da am sakiTxze diskusiac gagvegrZelebina, magram ar minda, ise moxdes, rom yvela Tvalsazrisi, romlebic momdevno TematikasTan dakavSirebiT unda ganvixiloT, aqve, pirveli Temis ganxilvisTanave amomwuravad ganimartos. da mainc, Tavs uflebas mivcem, warmodgenili magaliTebis ganxilvis Sedegebi ramdenime winadadebiT Sevajamo: saxelebis daviwyebis meqanizmi (ufro sworad: mexsierebidan amovardnis, droebiT daviwyebis) mdgomarebs imaSi, rom saxelis reproducirebis ganzraxuli procesi irRveva azrTa ucxo da amavdroulad gaucnobierebeli mimdevrobis gamo. damaxinjebiT reproducirebul saxelsa da gaxsenebis procesis xelisSemSlel kompleqss Soris an Tavidanve arsebobs urTierTkavSiri an aseTi kavSiri xSir SemTxvevaSi xelovnuri gzebiT, zedapiruli (garegani) asociaciebis saSualebiT warmoiqmneba. xelisSemSlel kopleqsebs Soris TviTdamokidebuleba (Eigenbeziehung) (pirovnu-
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li, ojaxuri, profesiuli) yvelaze didi gavlenis mqone aRmoCnda. saxels, romelic Tavisi mravalmniSvnelovnebis gamo azrTa ramdenime sxvadasxva wres (kompleqss) miekuTvneba, xSirad swored imis gamo ver vixsenebT azrTa erT romelime mimdevrobasTan kavSirSi, rom xels gviSlis misi imavdrouli kuTvnileba azrTa sxva, ufro Zlierad Camoyalibebul mimdevrobasTan (kompleqsTan). mexsierebis amgvar darRvevaTa motivebs Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva motivi, romelic miznad isaxavs saxelwodebis daviwyebis gziT Tavidan aacilos adamians is usiamovneba da cudi ganwyoba, romelsac uciloblad gamoiwvevda masSi am konkretuli saxelis gaxseneba. zogadad saxelebis daviwyebis fenomenis ori ZiriTadi SemTxveva SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT. erTi, roca TviTon saxeli modis SexebaSi raRac arasasiamovnosTan, an roca is ukavSirdeba meore saxels, romelic ase qmedebs. ase rom, saxelebis reproducirebis procesi SeiZleba Seferxdes erTis mxriv sakuTriv maTive mizeziT, da meores mxriv, maTi axlo Tu Soreuli asociaciuri kavSirebis gamo. am zogadi mimoxilvis Semdeg gasagebi xdeba, rom saxelebis droebiT daviwyeba mexsierebis Secdomebs Soris yvelaze xSiria. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom jer kidev bevri ram gvaSorebs im dros, roca am fenomenis yvela Taviseburebis dasaxelebas SevZlebT. minda imazec mivuTiTo, rom saxelebis daviwyeba Zlier gadamdebia. sakmarisia, ori pirovnebis saubrisas erTma Tqvas, esa Tu is saxeli damaviwydao, rom maSinve meoresac aviwydeba igive. Tumca iq, sadac daviwyebis fenomeni inducirebulia, daviwyebuli saxelis gaxseneba kvlav ufro advilad xerxdeba. es koleqtiuri~ daviwyeba, ufro zustad Tu vityviT, masebis fsiqologiis fenomeni, jer kidev ar gamxdara analitikuri kvlevis sagani. adgili aqvs xolme saxelebis daviwyebis gaxangrZlivebul processac, romlis sac erTbaSad xdeba saxelTa mTeli wyebis mexsierebidan gandevna. daviwyebuli dro saxelwodebis Zebnisas adamiani sxvebs eWideba, romlebTanac is saxeli, romelsac eZebs, Zalian axlo kavSirSia. am dros ki xSir SemTxvevaSi isinic aviwydeba, romelTaA gamoyenebasac sayrdenad apirebda sasurveli saxelwodebis Zebnisas. daviwyeba ise daxtis erTi saxelidan meoreze, TiTqosda advilad verdasaZlevi dabrkolebis arsebobis damtkicebas cdilobdes.
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Tavi meoTxe
bavSvobisa da gadamfaravi mogonebebis Sesaxeb
Cems morig naSromSi (1899 w. gamoqveynda yovelTviur JurnalSi fsiqiatria da nevrologia~) SevZeli damemtkicebina gaxsenebis fenomenis tendenciuri bunebis arseboba CvenTvis sruliad moulodnel sferoSi. me vxelmZRvanelobdi im ucnauri realobiT, rom, rogorc irkveva, Zalian adreuli bavSvobidan adamians xSirad misTvis sruliad umniSvnelo da meorexarisxovani mogonebebi aqvs Semonaxuli, da amavdroulad imave periodis mniSvnelovani, dasamaxsovrebeli da afeqtebiT datvirTuli STabeWdilebebi (xSirad, cxadia, ara yovelTvis) zrdasruli adamianis mexsierebidan ukvalod aris gamqrali. radgan cnobilia, rom mexsiereba arCevans akeTebs SemoTavazebuli STabeWdilebebidan misTvis yvelaze sasurvelze, gamodis, unda vivaraudoT, rom es arCevani sruliad gansxvavebuli principiT keTdeba bavSvobis asakSi, da sul sxvagvarad mimdinareobs igive procesi inteleqtualurad momwifebuli pirovnebis mexsierebaSi. dawvrilebiTma gamokvlevam aCvena, rom es varaudi gadaWarbebulia. mexsierebas SemorCenili bavSvobisdroindeli umniSvnelo mogonebebi TavianT arsebobas unda umadlodnen mexsierebaSi mimdinare Camnacvlebel process. reproduqciis dros swored isini enacvleba sxva, namdvilad mniSvnelovan da Rirebul STabeWdilebebs, romelTa gaxseneba Canacvlebuli mogonebebis (Ersatzerinnerungen) fsiqikuri analizis meSveobiT xerxdeba, da romelTa pirdapiri reproduqcia ferxdeba sxvadasxva winaaRmdegobis gamo. radgan isini TavianT SenarCunebas sakuTar Sinaarss ki ara, maTi Sinaarsis sxva SinaarsTan asociaciur kavSirs unda umadlodnen. aqedan gamomdinare, maT namdvilad Seesatyviseba gansazRvreba, romelic me movuZebne, kerZod, gadamfaravi mogonebebi (Deckerinnerungen).~ kavSirebisa da mniSvnelobebis mravalferovnebas zemoT xsenebul statiaSi me mxolod Sevexe, es sakiTxi ar amomiwuravs. iq dawvrilebiT gaanalizebul magaliTSi gansakuTrebiT wamovwie win gadamfarav mogonebasa (Deckerinnerung) da mis mier gadafarul Sinaarss Soris arsebuli d r o i T i urTierTmimarTebis Tavisebureba. gadamfaravi mogonebis Sinaarsi iq bavSvobis adreul wlebs ukavSirdeboda, maSin roca im azriT ganc debs, romlebic mexsierebaSi am gadamfaravi mogonebis saxiT iqna warmodgenili, da romlebic TiTqmis gaucnobierebeli darCa, am adamianis cxovrebis Sedare biT gvian del wlebSi hqonda adgili. am saxis gadanacvlebas vuwode u k u m i m a r T u-
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l i anu k u s v l a d i. albaT kidev ufro xSirad vxvdebiT sapiri s pi ro damokidebulebas, roca uaxloes warsulSi miRebuli umniSvnelo STabeWdileba gadamfaravi mogonebis saxiT rCeba mexsierebaSi da gadafaravs adreuli wlebis mogonebas, romlis uSualo reproduqcia sxvadasxva winaaRmdegobis gamo ver xerxdeba. es imiT aixsneba, rom es gadamfaravi mogoneba TavianTi SinaarsiT dakavSirebulia sakmaod Soreul wlebSi gancdilTan. mas SeiZleba ewodos w i n m i m a r T u l i an winswrebuli mfaravi mogoneba. mTavari, rac mexsierebis zrunvis sagans warmoadgens, drois gada TvalsazrisiT, gadamfaravi mogonebis u k a n devs. da bolos, verc mesame SemTxvevis SesaZleblobas avuvliT gverds, miT ufro, rom mas arc Tu iSviaTad aqvs adgili: es is SemTxvevaa, roca gadamfaravi mogoneba aramarto SinaarsiT, aramed droiTac Tanxvedrilia im mogonebasTan, romelsac faravs. e. i. saqme gvaqvs Tanadroul anu mosazRvre gadamfarav mogonebasTan. Tu Cveni mexsierebis maragis ra nawili miekuTvneba gadamfarav mogonebaTa ricxvs da ra rols TamaSobs es mogonebebi nevrotiuli azrovnebis sxvadasxva procesebSi, is problemebia, romelTa Sefaseba me arc iq micdia, arc aq maqvs dagegmili. me mxolod is mainteresebs, rom win wamovwio sakuTari saxelebis daviwyeba-gaxsenebis da gadamfaravi mogonebebis warmoqmnis procesebis erTgvarovnebis sakiTxi. erTi SexedviT am ori fenomenis gansxvavebuloba bevrad ufro TvalSisacemia, vidre maTi SesaZlo analogiebi. iq saqme exeba sakuTar saxelebs, aq ki mTlian, realobaSi an sulac warmosaxvaSi gancdil STabeWdilebebs. iq saqme gvaqvs gaxsenebis funqciis aSkara darRvevasTan, aq ki gaxsenebis SedegTan, romelic usiamo gaocebas iwvevs CvenSi. iq adgili hqonda droebiT Seferxebas radgan es-esaa daviwyebuli saxeli am momentamde asjer SeiZleba yofiliyo am adamianis mier sworad reproducirebuli da SesaZloa, xvalidan kvlavac mravaljer uproblemod moxdes misi gaxseneba, aq ki mexsierebis grZelvadian, uwyvet maragzea saubari, radgan gvgonia, rom bavSvobis umniSvnelo mogonebebi SeiZleba sul Tan mihyvebodes adamians cxovrebis xangrZlivi periodis manZilze. orive SemTxveva sxvadasxva gamocanis winaSe gvayenebs: iq saqme daviwyebas exeress kidev ufro ba, aq mogonebebis Senaxva-SenarCunebas, es ki Cvens mecnierul inte amZafrebs. Tu cota ufro CavuRrmavdebiT, SevamCnevT, rom miuxedavad orive fenomens Soris arsebuli gansxvavebulobisa, rogorc fsiqikuri masalis, ise drois TvalsazrisiT, TanxvedraTa ricxvi aSkarad Warbobs sxvaobebs. iqac da aqac adgili aqvs gaxsenebis procesis mcdar ganviTarebas. mexsierebis mier imis reproducireba ki ar xdeba, risic konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda momxdariyo, aramed mis sanacvlod sruliad sxva ramisa. sakuTari saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevaSic adgili aqvs mexsierebis Cveulebriv qmedebas, is axdens reproducirebas, oRond Camnacvlebeli saxelebisas (Ersatznamen). gadamfaravi mogonebebis warmoqmna mimdinareobs sxva, ufro mniS-
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vnelovani STabeWdilebebis daviwyebis fonze. orive SemTxvevaSi inteleqtua luri SegrZneba gvamcnobs procesSi Seferxebis CarTvis Sesaxeb, oRond TiToeul SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva formiT. saxelebis daviwyebis dros v i c i T, rom Camnacvlebeli saxelebi a r a s w o r i a; gadamfaravi mogonebebis SemTxvevaSi ki g v a o c e b s is faqti, rom es mogonebebi saerTod Semounaxavs Cvens mexsierebas. Tu Semdgomi fsiqologiuri analizi daamtkicebs, rom Camnacvlebeli azrebis warmoqmna orive SemTxvevaSi erTnairi gziT ganxorcielda, kerZod didi xnis droindeli zedapiruli asociaciis gadanacvlebis Sedegad, maSin swored orive am fenomenis gansxvavebuloba masalis, drois xangrZlivobisa da centrirebis TvalsazrisiT gagviZlierebs imis molodins, rom raRac mniSvnelovani da sazogadod miRebuli aRmovaCineT. es sazogadod imis gamomxatveli iqneboda, rom reproduqciuri funqciis Seferxeba an mcdaroba ufro xSirad, vidre Cven vvaraudobT, swored mikerZoebis faqtoris CarTvaze miuTiTebs, anu tendenciaze, romelic erT mogonebas reproducirebaSi exmareba, imav droulad ki cdilobs xeli SeuSalos meore mogonebis warmoqmnas. bavSvobisdroindeli mogonebebi imdenad mniSvnelovnad da sainteresod meCveneba, rom minda mivuZRvna mas kidev ramdenime SeniSvna, romlebic scdeba Cvens mier aqamde ganxilul mosazrebebs. ramdenad swvdeba warsulis Soreul siRrmeebs bavSvobis mogonebebi? CemTvis cnobilia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime gamokvleva, mag. h e n r i s a (V. et C. H
e n r i) da p o t v i n i s (P o t w i n); am gamokvlevebma aCvenes, rom dakvirvebis obieqtTa Soris didi individualuri gansxvavebulobaa. maSin, roca erTi maTganis pirveli mogoneba sicocxlis meeqvse Tves ukavSirdeba, meores Tavisi bavSvobis Sesaxeb meeqvse anda merve wlamde araferi axsovs. rasTan aris dakavSirebuli bavSvobis mogonebebis daviwyebis sxvadasxvagvaroba, da ra mniSvneloba eniWeba maT? dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, TavisTavad cxadia, am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli masalis mogroveba sakmarisi ar iqneba. mas aucileblad dasWirdeba damuSaveba, raSic informaciis momwodebeli pirma aucileblad unda miiRos monawileoba. infantiluri amneziis faqts, Cveni sicocxlis pirvel wlebTan dakavSirebuli mogonebebis daviwyebis fenomens, vfiqrob, satanado interesiT ar vekidebiT da Sesabamisad vkargavT SesaZleblobas, amovicnoT masSi arsebuli Zalze ucnauri gamocana. Cven gvaviwydeba, rogori maRali inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi da rTuli SegrZnebebis unari gaaCnia bavSvs ukve daaxloebiT oTxi wlis asakSi. aqedan gamomdinare, unda gvaocebdes is faqti, rom am rTuli mSvinvieri procesebis Sesaxeb mexsierebas sicocxlis gviandel periodSi, rogorc wesi, TiTqmis araferi aqvs Semonaxuli. miT ufro, rom yvela safuZveli gvaqvs vivaraudoT, rom am daviwyebul bavSvobisdroindel gancdebs ukvalod ar CauvliaT. maT udaod moaxdines gavlena pirovnebis ganvi-
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Tarebaze da Sesabamisad gansazRvres misi cxovrebis yvela Semdgomi periodi. da mainc, miuxedavad am Seudareblad didi gavlenisa, isini daviwyebas mieca! es miuTiTebs gaxsenebis sruliad specifiur pirobebze (cnobieri reproduqcia), romlebic aqamde Cveni SemecnebisTvis dafaruli iyo. advilad SesaZlebelia, rom bavSvobisdroindelma mogonebebma gvapovninos gasaRebi im amneziebis arsSi Casawvdomad, romlebic Cveni uaxlesi monacemebis Tanaxmad, unda warmoadgendes nevrologiuri simptomebis Camoyalibebis safuZvels. mexsierebaSi Semonaxuli bavSvobisdroindeli mogonebebis nawili Zalian gasagebad gveCveneba, nawilic ucnaurad da gaugebrad. arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar warmoadgens sirTules zogierTi Secdomis gasworeba. Tu adamianis mexsierebaSi Semonaxul mogonebebs analitikurad ganvixilavT, advilad davadgenT, rom maTi namdvilobis garantia praqtikulad ar arsebobs. mogonebis bevri xati ueWvelad damaxinjebuli, arasruli, an drosa da savrceSi gadanacvlebulia. gamokiTxuli adamianebis mier mowodebuli informaciebi imis Taobaze, TiTqos maTi pirveli mogonebebi sicocxlis meore wels ukavSirdebodes, sarwmuno namdvilad ar aris. male im motivebis dadgenac xerxdeba, romelTa meSveobiT gasagebi xdeba ram gamoiwvia warsulSi gancdilis damaxinjeba an drosa Tu sivrceSi misi gadanacvleba. es motivebi imasac amtkicebs, rom mxolod mexsierebis Ralati ar SeiZleba iyos mogonebebis arasworad reproducirebis mizezi. sicocxlis Semdgomi periodebis Zlieri Zalebis zemoqmedeba ganapirobebs bavSvobis mogonebebis gaxsenebis unaris formirebas. savaraudod, es is Zalebia, romelTa wyalobiTac sazogadod ase gagviucxovda sakuTari bavSvobis xana da wagverTva misi gagebis unari. zrdasrul adamianebSi gaxsenebis procesi, rogorc cnobilia, sxvadasxva saxis fsiqikur masalaze dayrdnobiT mimdinareobs. zogierTi adamiani mxedvelobiTi xatebis moSveliebiT ixsenebs, aseT mogonebebs vizualuri xasiaTi aqvs; zogic gancdilis yvelaze mwiri monaxazis aRdgenasac Zlivs axerxebs; aseT adamianebs S a r k o s mixedviT uditifs da moteurs uwodeben, sawinaaRmdegod Visuels-isa. sizmarSi es gansxvavebebi qreba; sizmars metwilad suraT-xatebad vxedavT. igive procesi mimdinareobs bavSvobis mogonebebis reproducirebisas. amitom maT sanaxaobiT-mxedvelobiTi saxe aqvT im adamianebTanac ki, romelTa mexsierebas vizualuri elementebi zrdasrul asakSi saerTod aRar gaaCnia. mxedvelobiTi gaxseneba am gziT inarCunebs infantiluri gaxsenebis tips. piradad Cems SemTxvevaSi mxolod Zalian adreuli bavSvobis wlebidan SemorCenil mogonebebs gaaCnia vizualuri xasiaTi. es aris aSkarad sanaxaobrivi scenebi, zustad Teatraluri dadgmebis msgavsi. bavSvobis STabeWdilebebis amsaxvel am scenebSi _ miuxedavad imisa, namdvilia isini Tu damaxinjebuli _ adamiani sistematurad xedavs sakuTar Tavsac, bavSvuri garegnobiTa da bavSvobisdroindeli samo-
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siT. es garemoeba gaocebas unda iwvevdes. vizualuri mexsierebis mqone zrdasruli adamianebi gviandel STabeWdilebebTan dakavSirebuli mogonebebis reproducirebisas sakuTar Tavs veRar xedaven.12 Tu davuSvebT, rom bavSvs Tavisi gancdebisas mTeli yuradReba sakuTar Tavze aqvs gadatanili, nacvlad imisa, rom moaxdinos misi sruli koncentrireba garegan STabeWdilebebze, winaaRmdegobaSi movalT yvela im daskvnasTan, rac aqamde gagvikeTebia. es gansxvavebuli poziciebi gvaiZulebs vivaraudoT, rom Cvens, ase vTqvaT, yvelaze adrindel bavSvobis mogonebebSi marTla realuri mogonebebis kvals ki ar vxedavT, aramed maT gviandel, gadamuSavebul variants, romelic sicocxlis gviandeli periodis sxvadasxvagvari fsiqiuri Zalebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad iqna formirebuli. amgvarad, individis @`bavSvobis mogonebebi~ zogadad gadamfaravi mogonebebis saxes iZens da amave dros Tavisi mniSvnelobiT utoldeba xalxebis sawyiss mogonebebs, romlebic maTsave zepirmetyvelebaSi Tqmulebebisa da miTebis saxiTaa Semonaxuli. visac fsiqoanalizis meTodiT sakmao raodenobis adamiani hyavs gamokvleuli, mas yvela saxis gadamfaravi mogonebebis magaliTebic mravlad eqneba mogrovili. Tumca am magaliTebis mowodebas zedmiwevniT arTulebs zemoT ganmartebuli Taviseburebebi im urTierTmimarTebisa, romelic arsebobs bavSvobisdroindel mogonebebsa da individis cxovrebis gviandel periods Soris. imisaTvis, rom Sefasdes romelime bavSvobisdroindeli mogoneba rogorc gadamfaravi mogoneba, xSirad am pirovnebis cxovrebis mTeli istoriis saaSkaraoze gamotana xdeba aucilebeli. mxolod Zalian iSviaT SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, msgavsad qvemoT moyvanili mSvenieri magaliTisa, erTi konkretuli SemTxvevis calke gamoyofa da misi damoukideblad ganxilva. ocdaoTxi wlis axalgazrda ixsenebs xuTi wlis asakSi gancdils. suraTi aseTia: biWuna sazafxulo agarakzea, baRSi. taburetze zis, deidis gverdiT, romelic cdilobs asoebi aswavlos pataras. biWs uWirs aso m-sa da aso n-s Soris gansxvavebis damaxsovreba da sTxovs deidas, maswavle, rogor unda gamovicno, romeli romeliao. deida yuradRebas imaze amaxvilebinebs, rom m n-s mTeli erTi nawiliT metobs, m-s n-sgan gansxvavebiT erTiT meti xazi aqvs. ar arsebobda araviTari safuZveli eWvisa, rom bavSvobis es mogoneba namdvili ar iyo, Tumca Tavisi namdvili mniSvneloba man mxolod mogvianebiT aRidgina, roca gairkva, rom am mogonebas SeuZlia simbolurad ganasaxieros biWis sul sxva saxis daintereseba. rogorc maSin, xuTi wlis asakSi cdilobda gaerkvia, rogor ganesxvavebina erTmaneTisgan m da n asoebi, iseve undoda axla, ukve mozrdil bavSvs, gaego ra gansxvavebaa gogonasa da biWs Soris. namdvilad araferi eqneboda sawinaaRmdego, Tu amjeradac deida ikisrebda maswavleblis rols. mere gaarkvia kidec, rom gansxvaveba marTlac im asoebis magaliTis msgavsi iyo: biWi mTeli erTi nawiliT metobda gogonas. swored am mignebam gauRviZa mas sakuTar bavSvur cnobismoyvareobasTan dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi mogoneba.
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kidev erTi magaliTi ufro gviandeli bavSvobis wlebidan: seqsualur sferoSi Zalian dakompleqsebuli kaci, romelic amJamad 43 wlisaa, yvelaze ufrosia cxra daZmas Soris. yvelaze umcrosis dabadebisas is TxuTmeti wlisa iyo, Tumca axla jiutad amtkicebs, rom dedisTvis fexmZimoba arasodes SeumCnevia. es, cxadia, daujereblad meCveneba da daJinebiT vcdilob gavaxseno is periodi. rogorc iqna, axerxebs mexsierebaSi aseTi suraTis aRdgenas: deda sarkis win dgas da aCqarebiT i x d i s q v e d a t a n s. Tavisi varaudiT biWi maSin 11-12 wlisa iqneboda. dedas eubneba, quCidan Semovedi da moulodnelad WinTvebi damewyoo. qvedatanis g a x d a (Aufbinden) biWisTvis gadamfarav mogonebad iqca, romlis ukan m S o b i a r o b a imaleba. amgvari `sityvieri xidebis~ magaliTebs Cven sxvaganac mravlad SevxvdebiT. mxolod erT magaliTze minda gaCvenoT, ra azri SeiZleba SeiZinos analitikuri gadamuSavebis Semdgom bavSvobisdroindelma mogonebam, romelic erTi SexedviT arafrismTqmeli Canda. roca ormocdasami wlis asakSi Cemi bavSvobis mogonebebis narCenebiT davinteresdi, gonebaSi erTi scena amomitivtivda, romelic ukve didi xania (meCveneboda, rom Zalian adreuli asakidan) drogamoSvebiT maxsendeboda da yvela safuZveli mqonda mefiqra, rom is Cemi sicocxlis mesame wlis bolos ukavSirdeboda. vxedavdi, rogor vdgavar yuTTan da tiriliT viTxov raRacas. yuTis saxuravi Cems oci wliT ufros naxevarZmas uWiravs xeliT. uceb dedaCemi Semodis, lamazi da gamxdari, TiTqos axlaxans Semovida quCidano. am sityvebiT aRvwere scena, romelsac aqamde mxolod vxedavdi da verafris Tqmas ver vaxerxebdi. ra undoda Cems Zmas, am yuTis _ am scenis pirvelad aRwerisas ratomRac sityva `karada~ gamoviyene _ gaReba Tu daxurva, ra matirebda, ra hqonda saerTo am yvelaferTan dedis Semosvlas, metismetad bundovani iyo CemTvis. Cemeuli axsna aseTi iyo: ufrosi Zma Cemi wvalebiT erToboda, rac dedis gamoCenisTanave Sewyvita. bavSvobisdroindel mexsierebebTan dakavSirebuli aseTi gaugebrobebi sakmaod xSiria. adamians axsovs raRac situacia, romelic ar aris centrirebuli da ver xvdeba, kerZod romel elementze unda gaakeTos fsiqikuri aqcenti. Cemma analitikurma mcdelobebma sruliad moulodnel Sedegamde mimiyvana. suraTi ukve amgvarad avxseni: karga xans uSedegod veZebdi dedas, mere ratomRac eWvi gamiCnda, rom SeiZleboda am yuTSi Tu karadaSi yofiliyo Caketili. amitom vTxovdi Zmas mis gaRebas. manac Seasrula Cemi moTxovna, magram roca davrwmundi, rom deda iq ar iyo, xmamaRali tirili movrTe. swored es momenti CamebeWda mexsierebaSi. suraTi sruldeba oTaxSi dedis SemosvliT, rac miqarvebs dardisa Tu monatrebis grZnobas. sainteresoa, saidan mouvida bavSvs is azri, rom deda yuTSi eZebna? bolodroindeli sizmrebi bundovnad mimaniSnebdnen Cems ZiZaze, romelic me sxva mogonebebsac aRmiZravda. mag. ZiZa moiTxovda Cemgan, rom yovelTvis patiosnad Camebarebina misTvis is wvrili fuli, romelsac zogjer saCuqrad viRebdi. es is detalia, romelic, advilad
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SesaZlebelia, gadamfarav mogonebad iqces ufro gvian momxdari sxva STabeWdilebisaTvis. gadavwyvite, amjerad saqme gameiolebina da Cemi moxuci dedisTvis gamomekiTxa ZiZasTan dakavSirebuli ambebi. bevri ram Sevityve. mag. gavige, rom am Wkvian, magram uweso adamians dedaCemis mSobiarobis periodSi uamravi ram mouparavs Cveni saxlidan, ris gamoc Cemi naxevarZmis daJinebiT gausamarTlebiaT kidec. am informaciam Zalian naTlad damanaxa zemoT aRwerili scenis namdvili arsi: saxlidan ZiZis moulodnelad gaqroba SeumCneveli ar damrCenia. swored Cems Zmas mivmarTe kiTxviT, ZiZa ratom aRar Cans-meTqi, radgan rogorRac SevniSne, rom am saqmeSi masac miuZRoda wvlili. Cemma Zmamac pirdapir pasuxs Tavi aarida da kalamburiT miTxra: `yuTSi gamoketeso~. naTqvami ise gavige, rogorc is Cemma bavSvurma gonebam aRiqva da gamokiTxvasac Tavi davanebe, imitom rom meti mainc aravin araferi miTxra. magram roca cota xnis Semdeg deda movisaklise, maSinve Zmaze mivitane eWvi. CavTvale rom am borotma biWma dedasac igive gaukeTa, rac ZiZas. amitom movTxove, saswrafod gaexsna yuTi. axla imasac vxvdebi, ratom iyo bavSvobisdroindel am vizualur mogonebaSi ase xazgasmuli dedis sigamxdre. me misi sigamxdre TvalSi momxvda, rogorc dedis sul cota xnis aRdgenili Zveli garegnoba. me orwlinaxevriT ufrosi var Cems maSin gaCenil daze. sami wlis asakidan ki ukve aRar vcxovrobdi Cems ufros naxevarZmasTan erTad.13
Tavi mexuTe
mcdarTqma
Tu mSobliuri yofiTi salaparako enis masala daviwyebisgan ase Tu ise daculia, maSin igi miT ufro midrekilia sxva darRvevebisadmi, romelic mcdarTqmis saxeliT aris cnobili. normalur adamianSi gamovlenili mcdarTqma paTologiur pirobebSi gamomJRavnebuli e.w. `parafaziebis~ winare safexuris STabeWdilebas tovebs. aq me _ rac ar unda uCveulo iyos es _ iseT mdgomareobaSi vimyofebi, roca viRacis mier Cemamde Catarebuli samuSaos dafaseba SemiZlia. 1895 wels meringerma da
k. maierma gamoaqveynes narkvevi `mcdarTqma da mcdarkiTxva~, romelTa midgomac Cemeulisagan Sors dgas. kerZod, avtorTagan erT-erTi, romlis saxeliTac xdeba Txroba, enis mkvlevaria da lingvisturma interesebma ubiZga gamokvlevisaken, daecva is wesebi, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba mcdarTqma. is imedovnebda, am wesebis safuZvelze SeZlebda daskvnis gamotanas `raRac garkveuli sulieri meqanizmis~ arsebobaze,
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`romlis Tanaxmadac raime sityvis, winadadebis bgerebi da Tavad sityvebic sruliad fiuri gziT arian erTmaneTTan gadabmulni da dakavSirebulni.~ speci Tavdapirvelad avtorebi `mcdarTqmis~ maT mier Tavmoyril magaliTebs ajgufeben wminda deskripciuli principiT, rogorc gadanacvlebas (mag. milo veneseli nacvlad venera miloselisa): a) rogorc winmswreb gaJRerebas anu anticipaciebs (mag. mkerdaSi.... mkerdSi ise damimZimda), b) nagvianeb gaJRerebas anu postpozicias (mag. `mogiwodebT, Cveni Sefis dRegrZelobisa movuWaxunoT~ nacvlad miWaxunebisa), g) Serwymas anu kontaminacias (mag. ùkana Tavze dgeba~ nacvlad: `TavSi Caido~ da ùkana TaTebze dgeba~), d) Canacvlebas anu substitucias (mag. `preparatebs CavuSveb safosto yuTSi~ nacvlad sainkubacio yuTisa), am mTavar kategoriebsac kidev ramdenime naklebad mniSvnelovani (da Cveni miznebisaTvis naklebad Rirebuli) kategoria unda miematos. am dajgufebaSi ar xdeba gansxvaveba, es gadanacvleba ganzraxuli winadadebis sityvis calkeul bgerebs Seexeba, marcvlebs Tu mTlian sityvebs. mcdarTqmis gamovlenil saxeebs meringeri enobrivi bgerebis gansxvavebuli fsiqikuri intensivobiT xsnis. Tu xdeba sityvis pirveli bgeris, winadadebis pirveli sityvis stimulireba, maSin agznebis es procesi ukve momdevno bgerebsa da sityvebze vrceldeba da ramdenadac stimulirebis es procesi erTdroulad mimdinareobs, erTmaneTze SeiZleba cvlilebis gamomwvevi zegavlena iqonios. intensiuri bgeris stimulireba an winmswrebad an eqosebr gamoZaxilad JRers da aferxebs naklebi intensivobis process. axla ki unda ganvsazRvroT, Tu romlebia sityvaSi umaRlesi intensivobis bgerebi. meringeri ambobs: `Tu gvinda, vicodeT, sityvis romeli bgeraa yvelaze maRali intensivobis mqone, amisaTvis sakuTar Tavs unda davakvirdeT daviwyebuli sityvis, mag.saxelis Zebnisas. pirvel rigSi cnobierebaSi Semodis is, rasac daviwyebamde yvelaze maRali intensivoba hqonda. ese igi, maRali intensivobis mqone bgerebi fuZiseuli marcvlebis sawyisi bgera da sityvis sawyisi bgeraa da _ aqcentirebuli xmovani an xmovnebi~. ar SemiZlia, aq winaaRmdegoba ar gavwio. varaudSi, miekuTvneba Tu ara saxelis sawyisi bgera sityvaSi umaRlesi Rirebulebis mqone elementebs, is mainc arasworia, rom sityvis daviwyebis SemTxvevaSi pirvelad swored is aRsdgeba cnobierebaSi; amdenad, zemoT moyvanili wesi gamousadegaria. Tu sakuTar Tavs raime daviwyebuli saxelis Zebnisas davakvirdebiT, umetes SemTxvevaSi darwmunebulebi varT, rom is raRac garkveul asoze iwyeba. es darwmunebuloba iseve xSirad aris usafuZvlo, rogorc safuZvliani. diax, minda ganvacxado, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi sawyisi bgera arasworadaa miTiTebuli. `sinioreli~-s Taobaze Cvens magaliTSiac Casanacvlebel saxelSi gvxvdeba sawyisi bgera da arsebiTi marcvlebi dakargulia; swored marcvlebis is naklebad Rirebuli wyvili èli~ daubrunda mexsierebas Casanacvlebel saxelSi `botiCeli~. is, Tu ramde-
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nad naklebad scemen pativs Casanacvlebeli saxelebi gonebidan amovardnili saxelis sawyis bgeras, dae Semdegma SemTxvevam gaxados TvalsaCino: xandaxan CemTvis SeuZlebelia, gavixseno im patara qveynis saxeli, romlis dedaqalaqicaa monte karlo. misi Casanacvlebeli saxelebi Semdegnairad JRers:
piemonti, albaneTi, montevideo, koliko. albaneTi male montenegroTi Seicvleba da mere TvalsaCino xdeba, rom marcvali `mont~ (gamoTqmuli rogorc `mon~) mainc miesadageba yvela Casanacvlebel saxels, ukanasknelis garda. amiTi miadvildeba, hercogi albertis saxelidan gamomdinare, daviwyebuli monako vipovo. koliko daviwyebuli saxelis marcvalTa Tanmimdevrobasa da riTmikas daaxloebiT miagavs. Tu vivaraudebT, rom mcdarTqmis SEemTxvevebSi imave meqanizmTan gvaqvs saqme, rasac saxelebis daviwyebis SemTxvevaSic vxvdebiT, maSin, mcdarTqmis SemTxvevaTa ufro Rrmad dasabuTebul gagebamde mivalT. metyvelebis is darRveva, romelic mcdarTqmis saxiT warmogvidgeba, pirvel rigSi, SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imave frazis sxva Semadgeneli nawilis zegavleniT, anu winmswrebad imisa, rac Semdgom unda iTqvas an naTqvamis Semdgom gamoZaxilad, anda sxva formulirebis zegavleniT, romelic gamosaTqmeli winadadebis an azris farglebs ar scildeba, romlis gamoTqmac gvaqvs ganzraxuli _ amas ganekuTvneba meringerisa da maierisgan aRebuli zemoT CamoTvlili yvela magaliTi; meores mxriv ki, SesaZlebelia darRveva siniorelis SemTxvevis analogiurad moxdes da rodesac es darRveva am sityvis, winadadebis Tu mocemuli kavSiris gareSe gavlenebidan xdeba, im elementebidan momdinare, romelTa gamoTqma ar Sedis Cvens ganzraxvaSi da romelTa agznebis Sesaxeb mxolod da mxolod am darRveviT Tu vigebT. unda davaskvnaT, rom agznebis erTdrouloba, simultanuroba aris is saerTo, rac am ori tipis mcdarTqmas aerTianebs, xolo mocemuli winadadebis an mocemuli kavSiris gareT an mis farglebSi yofna ki _ mcdarTqmis orive saxisaTvis ganasxvavebs. pirveli SexedviT gansxvaveba iseTi didi ar Cans, rogorc is SemdgomSi Cndeba mcdarTqmis simptomatologiis garkveuli daskvnebis gaTvaliswinebisas, Tumca sruliad naTelia, rom mxolod pirveli SemTxveva gvaZlevs imeds, rom mcdarTqmis fenomenis gaxilvisas davaskvnaT iseTi meqanizmebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic iseTnairad aerTianeben calkeul bgerebsa da sityvebs, rom isini urTierTzegavlenas axdenen maTive artikulaciis procesze. ese igi iseTi daskvnebi, romelTac lingvisti isurvebda, rom mcdarTqmis gamokvlevidan mieRo. garedan Semosuli gavleniT ganpirobebuli winadadebisa Tu frazaTa darRvevis SemTxvevaSi upirveles yovlisa saWiro iqneboda, darRvevebis gamomwvevi elementebis dadgena da Semdeg wamoiWreboda kiTxva, SeuZlia Tu ara darRvevis meqanizmsac sityvaTwarmoebis navaraudevi kanonzomierebebis gamoaSkaraveba.
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ufleba ar gvaqvs ganvacxadoT, rom meringers da maiers `rTuli fsiqikuri zegavlenebiT~, imave sityvis, winadadebisa Tu igive frazis Tanmimdevrobis gareT arsebuli elementebiT metyvelebis darRvevis SesaZlebloba gamorCaT. maT unda emCniaT, rom is Teoria, romlis mixedviTac fsiqikisTvis yvela bgera Tanabrad Se Rirebuli ar aris, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, mxolod bgeriTi darRvevebis, an winmswrebi da Semdgomi gamoZaxilis asaxsnelad aris sakmarisi. iq, sadac sityvieri darRvevebi bgeriT darRvevebze ver daiyvneba, mag. sityvebis Canacvlebebisa da kontaminaciebis dros, mcdarTqmis mizezs isinic uneblied im ganzraxuli urTierTkavSiris gareT eZebdnen da saqmis amgvari viTareba mSvenieri magaliTebiTac gaaTvalsaCinoes. me Semdegi adgilebis citirebas movaxden: ru. yveba ambavs, rasac is sulis siRrmeSi `Rorobad~ afasebs. magram is amis ufro rbilad gamoxatvas cdilobs da iwyebs: `magram mere iseTi faqtebi gamoRordnen...~ maieri da me amas SeveswariT da ru.-m daadastura, rom `Rorobebze~ ifiqra. is, rom am nafiqrma sityvam (Roroba) gamoaaSkarava Tavi da ucbad gaxda qmediTi da laparakis dros wascda, am ori sityvis msgavsebiT aixsneba. ìseve rogorc kontaminaciebis, Canacvlebebis drosac, magram albaT kidev uf ro didi xarisxiT, did rols TamaSoben xatovani sityva-Tqmani da orazrovani Sesityvebebi. isini, marTalia cnobierebis zRvars qvemoT, magram mainc qmediT siaxloveSi arian, advilad SeuZliaT saTqmel kompleqsTan msgavsebis meSveobiT mizidul iqnen da metyvelebis Tanmimdevruli msvlelobis procesidan gadaxveva gamoiwvion an metyvelebisas sityvebis msvlelobaSi CaerTon. es xatovani sityvaTqmani, rogorc vTqviT, xSirad cota xnis win dasrulebuli enobrivi procesebis `dagvianebuli mgzavrebi~ (gamoZaxili) arian. zemoTaRniSnuli msvlelobidan gadaxveva msgavsebiTac SeiZleba iyos gamowveu li, roca raime sxva msgavsi sityva cnobierebis zRvars qvemoT devs, magram saTqmelad ar aris gamiznuli. es exeba Canacvlebebs. _ amitom vimedovneb, rom gadamowmebisas Cemi wesebi dadasturdebian. magram amisaTvis saWiroa, rom roca dakvirveba sxva adamianze xdeba, cxadad gaviazroT yvela SesaZlebloba, Tu raze SeeZlo mosaubres efiqra 14. aq erT karg magaliTs moviyvan. li.-m Cvens Sekrebaze Tqva: ès qali Semamzinebda~. me daveWvdi, radgan es `mz~ auxsnelad momeCvena. Tavs ufleba miveci, mosaubris yuradReba mimeqcia mis Secdomaze, `SemaSinebda~-s magivrad `Semamzinebda~ rom Tqva, razec maSinve mipasuxa: `diax, es imitom, rom vfiqrobdi: ar viqnebodi mzad~ da a.S.~ `kidev erTi SemTxveva. vekiTxebi r. f. Sid.-s, Tu rogor aris misi avadmyofi cxeni. man mipasuxa: `xo, albaT gamwuxrd... gagrZeldeba kidev erTi Tve.~ es `gamwuxrd~ `xr~Ti sruliad gaugebrad mesaxa, radgan SeuZlebeli iyo `gagrZeldebis~ `gr~-s emoqmeda amgvarad. amitom r. f. S.-s yuradReba gavamaxvilebine amaze, razec man mipasuxa, rom
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ifiqra ès Zalian samwuxaro ambaviao~. ese igi, mosaubres orgvari pasuxi hqonda TavSi, romlebic Seerwynen erTmaneTs.~ ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT Tu rogor axlos modis cnobierebis zRvars qvemoT mdgomi xatovani sityva-Tqmanis da Sesityvebebis gaTvaliswineba, romlebic saTqmelad ar arian gankuTvnilni da is mowodeba, rom gamovikiTxoT, Tu raze ifiqra mosaubrem Cveni ànalizebis~ pirobebTan. Cvenc imave gziT veZebT aracnobier masalas, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom gamokiTxulis TavSi mosuli sityvebidan darRvevis matarebeli elementis aRmoCenamde kompleqsur asociaciaTa wyebis gavliT ufro grZeli gzis gavla gviwevs. me SevCerdebi kidev erT saintereso qcevaze, romelzec meringeris magaliTebi mowmoben. avtoris azriT, ganzraxul winadadebaSi romelime sityvis msgavseba sxva
im sityvasTan, romlis gamoTqmasac ar vapirebT, ukanasknels saSualebas aZlevs, rom

damaxinjebis, gadanacvlebis, kompromisuli warmonaqmnis (kontaminaciiT) gziT subieqtis cnobierebaSi SeaRwios. SemaSinebda mzadyofna gagrZeldeba samwuxaro gamovlinda Roroba
`sizmrebis axsnis~ Sesaxeb Cems nawerSi ganvmarte, Tu ra wvlili Seaqvs kondensaciis samuSos sizmris latenturi azrebidan e.w. sizmris cxadi Sinaarsis SeqmnaSi. aracnobieri masalis or elements Soris nebismieri sagnobrivi an sityvieri msgavseba sababia imisaTvis, rom raime mesame, Sereuli an kompromisuli warmodgena Seiqmnas, romelic sizmris SinaarsSi Tavis orive komponents Seenacvleba da romelic amgvari warmomavlobidan gamomdinare, ase xSirad gamoirCeva calkeuli Tvisebebis winaaRmdegobriobiT. amrigad, mcdarTqmis dros Canacvlebebisa da kontaminaciebis warmoqmna im kondensaciis samuSaos dasawyisia, romlis Sedegsac vpoulobT sizmris agebis procesSi. ufro farTo wreebisaTvis gankuTvnil erT patara naSromSi (1900 wlis 23 agvistos àxali Tavisufali presa~: `rogor SeiZleba mcdarTqma mogvivides~) meringerma yuradReba dauTmo mcdarTqmaTa iseTi SemTxvevebis gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSvnelobas, roca raime sityvas misi sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityviT CavanacvlebT. àlbaT jer kidev bevrs axsovs, Tu rogor gaxsna amas winaT sxdoma avstriis parlamentis sakrebulos prezidentma: ùzenaeso sakrebulo! vadastureb amdeni da amdeni batonis aqyofnas da amiT xsdomas daxurulad vacxadeb!~ mxolod sayovelTao mxiarulebam miapyro misi yuradReba Secdomas da man is gamoaswora. am SemTxvevaSi axsna albaT is iqneboda, rom prezidents surda, es sxdoma, romlisganac arafer kargs ar
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eloda, namdvilad daexura, magram _ es xSiri movlenaa _ gverdiTma azrma nawilobriv mainc gamoJona da Sedegad miviReT `daxuruli~ nacvlad `gaxsnilisa~, ese igi imis sapirispiro, risi Tqmac iyo ganzraxuli. magram mravalgvarma dakvirvebam maswavla, rom, saerTod, urTierTsawinaaRmdego sityvebs sakmaod xSirad vurevT erTmaneTSi; isini ukve Cvens enobriv cnobierebaSi arian asocirebulni, erTmaneTTan SemWidrovebulni arian da Zalian advilad xdeba maTi SecdomiT wamoZaxeba.~ sapirispiroTa arevis yvela SemTxvevaSi ar aris ase advili, rogorc prezidentis magaliTSi, imis gamoaSkaraveba, rom mcdarTqma winaaRmdegobis mizeziT, erTgvari protestis gamo xdeba, xdeba, romelic mosaubris SigniT gamoTqmuli winadadebis sawinaaRmdegod aRiZvreba. analogiuri meqanizmi Cven à liquis~-is magaliTis analizis drosac vipoveT; Sinagani winaaRmdegoba iq sityvis daviwyebaSi gamovlinda, misi sapirispiroTi Canacvlebis magivrad. magram, am gansxvavebebis mosaxsnelad gvsurs SevniSnoT, rom patara sityva àliquis~ im antipodis matarebeli ar aris, romelic sityva `daxurvas~ da `gaxsnas~ erTmaneTis mimarT aqvT da rom `gaxsna~ rogorc Zalze nebuli, Znelad miecema daviwyebas. xSirad gamoye Tu meringerisa da maieris es ukanaskneli magaliTebi gviCveneben, rom metyvelebis darRveva SeiZleba ganviTardes rogorc erTi da imave winadadebaSi gamosaTqmelad gankuTvnili bgerebisa da sityvebis zegavleniT, aseve gamosaTqmelad ganzraxuli winadadebis farglebs miRma arsebuli myofi sityvebis zemoqmedebiT, romlebic sxvagvarad ver gamovlindebodnen, maSin Tavdapirvelad imis gageba unda movindomoT, SegviZlia Tu ara mcdarTqmis es ori klasi erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gavmijnoT da rogor aris SesaZlebeli, erTi klasis magaliTis meore klasisagan garCeva. mokvlevis am adgilas ki vundtis mosazrebebi unda gavixsenoT, romelic enis ga ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa Sesaxeb Tavis mravlismomcvel gamokvlevaSi (xalxTa fsiqologia, tomi I, nawili I, gv. 371-dan, 1900) mcdarTqmis gamovlinebebsac exeba. rac am gamovlinebebsa da sxvebs, maT monaTesaveT, arasodes akliaT, vundtis mixedviT, es garkveuli fsiqikuri zegavlenebia. àmaSi, pirvel rigSi, pozitiur winapirobad iTvleba gamoTqmuli bgerebiT gamowveuli bgeriTi da sityvieri asociaciebis SeuCerebeli nakadi. amas, rogorc uaryofiTi faqtori, emateba nebisyofis da yuradRebis zegavlenis Sesusteba an sruli Sewyveta, rac am nakads aferxebs. am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba nebisyofis funqciad gvevlineba. asociaciis es TamaSi vlindeba Tu ara imaSi, rom momavali warmosaTqmeli bgeris anticipacia an warmoTqmuli bgeris reproduqcia xdeba, an rom CvevaSi gamjdari romelime bgera sxvebs Soris CaerTveba, an da, bolos da bolos, imaSi, rom sruliad sxva sityvebi, romlebic gamoTqmuli bgerebiT asociaciur kavSirSi imyofebian, maTze ukuqmedeben _ yvelaferi es mxolod gansxvavebebs aRniSnavs am mimarTulebiT da, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, am sivrceSi,
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ganxorcielebul asociaciebSi, magram ara maT saerTo bunebaSi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi isic ki SeiZleba iyos saeWvo, romel formas unda mivakuTvnoT raime garkveuli darRveva an unda daviyvanoT Tu ara isini, ufro metad, mizezTa garTulebis principis
mixedviT 15, mraval motivTa Tanxvedraze.~ vundtis es SeniSvnebi marTebulad da damakvalianeblad mimaCnia. SeiZleba vundtze ufro didi SemarTebiTac gavusvaT xazi imas, rom metyvelebaSi Secdomebis pozitiurad xelSemwyobi momenti _ asociaciaTa SeuCerebeli nakadi _ da negatiuri _ yuradRebis Semakavebeli zegavlenis Sesusteba _ sistematurad modian urTierTqmedebaSi, ise rom orive momenti erTi da imave procesis mxolod da mxolod gansxvavebul aspeqtebad iqceva. yuradRebis Semakavebeli zegavlenis SesustebasTan erTad swored am asociaciaTa SeuCerebeli nakadi amoqmeddeba; kidev ufro zustad rom gamovTqvaT: am SesustebiT. Cems mier Segrovil mcdarTqmaTa magaliTebs Soris TiTqmis ver vpoulob iseTs, romelSic metyvelebis darRveva mxolod da mxolod imaze dayvaneba, rasac vundti `bgeraTa kontaqtur gavlenas~ uwodebs. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi me vpoulob darR vevis gamomwvev zegavlenasac, romelic ganzraxuli frazis farglebs miRmaa da es damrRvevi zegavlena an erTeuli aracnobierad darCenili azria, romelic mcdarTqmiT gamoavlens Tavs da xSirad mxolod gulmodgine analizis meSveobiT Tu ubrundeba cnobiers, an da es raime ufro zogadi fsiqikuri motivia, romelic mTeli frazis winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli. 1) Cems qaliSvils, romelic vaSlSi CakbeCisas mJave saxes iRebs, citatas movuyvan: `manWiaobs maimuni, metadre vaSls roca Wams.~ me ki viwyeb: manWams... es albaT `manWiaobis~ da `Wamis~ kontaminaciaa (kompromisuli warmonaqmni am or sityvas Soris) an da gamzadebuli `Wamis~ anticipaciadac SeiZleba iqnes aRqmuli. saqmis viTareba ufro zustad SemdegSia: erTxel me es citata ukve warmovTqvi da pirvel jerze araferi wamcdenia. mcdarTqma momivida mxolod misi gameorebisas, romelic aucilebeli aRmoCnda, radgan is, visac mivmarTe, sxva ramiT iyo garTuli da ar mismenda. swored es gameoreba da masTan dakavSirebuli mouTmenloba, am winadadebis moSorebis survili Cemi mcdarTqmis motivebis im rigs unda mivakuTvno, romelic kondensaciis qmnilebad gvevlineba. 2) Cemi qaliSvili ambobs: me vwer frau Srezingers... im qalbatons Slezingeri hqvia. metyvelebis es Secdoma albaT artikulaciis Semsubuqebis tendenciasTan aris dakav Sirebuli, radgan `l~ gameorebuli `r~-s Semdeg rTuli gamosaTqmelia. magram isic unda davamato, rom Cemi qaliSvilis am mcdarTqmas ramdenime wuTiT adre Cems mier areuli `manWams~ da `manWiaobs~ uswrebda win. gamodis, rom mcdarTqma didwilad ga damdebia, iseve rogorc saxelebis daviwyeba, romelTanac meringerma da maierma
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es Tavisebureba SeamCnies. am fsiqikuri inducirebis mizezi namdvilad ar SemiZlia davasaxelo. 3) ìse vikecebi rogorc dibis jana - jibis dana~, ambobs erTi pacienti qali seansis dasawyisSi, bgerebis areviT, rac isev artikulaciis siZneliT SeiZleba gavamarTloT. roca metyvelebis Secdomaze gavamaxvilebine yuradReba, maSinve mipasuxa: `diax, es mxolod imitom, rom dRes Tqven `Seriozuli~ (Ernscht) TqviT.~ me mas marTlac am fraziT davxvdi: `dRes seriozuls (Ernst) vizamT~ (radgan bolo seansi iyo gamgzavrebamde) da `seriozuli~ xumrobiT `Seriozulad~ gadavakeTe. seansis manZilze mas kidev bevrjer mosdis mcdarTqma da bolos vamCnev, rom igi ubralod Cems imitacias ki ar akeTebs, aramed mas gansakuTrebuli mizezi aqvs, qvecnobierSi sityva `seriozulTan~ rogorc saxelTan gaCerdes. 16 4) ìseTi gaciebuli var, rom ar SemiZlia viriT cxvisunTqo - cxviriT visunTqo~ (durch die Nase atmen) _ wacdeba igive pacients sxva dros. is maSinve xvdeba Tu rogor mivida metyvelebis am Secdomamde. `me yovel dRe hazenaueris quCaze vjdebi tramvaiSi, da dRes dila-adrianad vagons rom vucdidi, gamielva, rom frangi rom vyofiliyavi,
azenauers vityodi, radgan frangebi sawyis bgeraSi `h~-s yovelTvis toveben~. Semdeg moiyvans mTel rig reminiscenciebs frangebze, romlebsac icnobs, da farTo SemovliTi gzebiT im mogonebasTan miaRwevs, rom ToTxmeti wlis asakSi patara speqtaklSi `mewvrilmane da pikardi~ pikards TamaSobda da maSin damtvreuli germanuliT laparakobda. im SemTxveviTobam, rom mis sacxovrebelSi axlaxan parizeli stumari Camovida,
mogonebaTa mTeli es wyeba gaaRviZa. ese igi, bgerebis gadanacvleba sruliad ucxo kavSiridan momdinare aracnobieri azris zegavleniT iyo gamowveuli da araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda saubris TemasTan. 5) mcdarTqmis meqanizmi msgavsia erT sxva pacient qalTan, romelsac mexsiereba Ralatobs swored im dros, roca didi xnis win miviwyebul bavSvobis mogonebas miecema. is, Tu sxeulis ra adgilas wvda mas sxvisi cnobismoyvare da msunagi xeli, mexsiereba ar eubneba. pirdapir amis mere is Tavis daqals inaxulebs da mas sazafxulo agarakebze esaubreba. roca ekiTxebian, Tu sad mdebareobs misi patara saxli m.-Si, igi pasuxobs:
mTis mkerdobze nacvlad mTis ferdobisa. 6) kidev erTi pacienti qali, romelsac seansis damTavrebis Semdeg vekiTxebi, Tu rogor aris biZamisi, mpasuxobs: àr vici, exla mas marto in flagranti Tu vxedav.~ meore dRes is iwyebs: `saSinlad Semrcxva, aseTi suleluri pasuxi rom mogeciT. ra Tqma unda, sruliad gaunaTlebel pirovnebad migaCnivarT, romelic gamudmebiT urevs erTmaneTSi ucxour sityvebs. me mindoda meTqva: en passant .~ maSin jer kidev ar vicodiT, Tu
saidan moetana mas es arasworad gamoyenebuli ucxouri sityvebi. magram imave seansis dros, wina dRis Temaze saubrisas mas erTi viTareba, romelSic in flagranti nivTieri
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samxiliT daWera asrulebda mTavar rols. amgvarad, wina dRis Secdomam, jer kidev gaucnobierebeli mogonebis anticipacia moaxdina. 7) kidev erTi sxva pacientis Sesaxeb, analizis msvlelobisas, im mosazrebis gamoTqma miwevs, rom im dros, romelsac im momentSi vexebiT, mas Tavisi ojaxis rcxvenoda da mamamiss sayvedurobda da CvenTvis jer ucnob braldebas uyenebda. igi amdagvars verafers ixsenebs da es saeWvodac miaCnia. Tumca igi saubars agrZelebs ojaxze SeniSvnebiT: ìsini mainc gansakuTrebuli adamianebi arian, yvelas aqvs Suriereba _ me mindoda meTqva_ `suliereba~ (Geist). da marTlac es iyo is braldeba da sayveduri, romelic mas Tavisi mexsierebidan ganedevna. is, rom am mcdarTqmaSi swored is azri gamoxteba, romlis daTrgunvac gvinda, xSirad xdeba (Seadare meringeris SemTxveva: gamoRorva, gamovlenis nacvlad). gansxvaveba mxolod isaa, rom meringerTan pirovnebas iseTi ramis daTrgunva surs, rac mas gacnobierebuli aqvs, roca Cemi pacienti am daTrgunuls ver acnobierebs, an da, SeiZleba iTqvas, ar icis, Tu ras Trgunavs da rom raRacas Trgunavs. 8) ganzrax SekavebasTanaa dakavSirebuli mcdarTqmis Semdegi magaliTic. erTxel, dalmaTiaSi, or qalbatons Sevxvdi, romlebic turistebiviT iyvnen Cacmulni. me maT raRac monakveTze gavyevi da vsaubrobdiT im siamovnebebze, magram aseve im uxerxulobebze, rasac turistuli cxovrebis wesi gvTavazobs. erTerTi qalbatoni aRiarebs, rom dRis gatarebis es wesi sakmaod Seicavs Semawuxebel faqtorebsac. `marTalia~, Tqva man, `rom srulebiTac araa sasiamovno, roca mTeli dRe mzeSi siarulis Semdeg maisuri da perangi sul mTlad gaoflianebulia.~ am winadadebaSi mas mouwia erTi patara Secbuneba daeZlia. Semdeg ganagrZo: `magram mere sacvalSi (saxlis magivrad) rom brundebi da gamocvla rom SegiZlia...~ miviCnie, rom aq CaZieba ar iyo saWiro, am mcdarTqmis asaxsnelad. qalbatons aSkarad ganzraxuli hqonda, CamonaTvali ufro sruli gaexada da eTqva: maisuri, perangi da sacvali. mesame saxis TeTreulis dasaxelebis ganzraxva man wesierebis gamo daTrguna. Tumca Semdeg, Sinaarsobrivad damoukidebel windadebaSi gandevnilma sityvam rogorc misi msgavsi sityvis _ `saxlis~ _ damaxinjebam misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod mainc gaitana Tavi. 9) `Tu xaliCebis yidva gindaT, kaufmanTan midiT maTes quCaze. me mgoni, iq TqvenTvis rekomendaciis gawevac SemiZlia, `meubneba erTi qalbatoni. me vimeoreb: èseigi ma-
TesTan... kaufmanTan, mindoda meTqva.~ TiTqos es dabneulobis Sedegi iyo, erTi saxeli meoris nacvlad rom gavimeore. am qalbatonis saubars marTlac davebnie, radgan yuradReba sxva raRacaze gamamaxvilebina, rac CemTvis bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre xaliCebi. kerZod, maTes quCaze is saxli dgas, romelSic Cemi coli cxovrobda, roca jer kidev sacole iyo. saxls Sesasvleli sxva quCidan hqonda, da SevamCnie, rom misi saxeli damviwynoda da rom misi cnobierSi dabruneba mxolod SemovliTi
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gzebis meSveobiT SemeZlo. saxeli maTe, romelTanac gaCerebuli var, CemTvis, ese igi, Casanacvlebeli saxelia quCis daviwyebuli saxelisaTvis. amisaTvis is ufro Sesaferisia, vidre saxeli kaufmani, radgan maTe marto sakuTari saxelia, kaufmani 17 ki _ ara, da daviwyebul quCasac sakuTari saxelis mixedviT hqvia: radecki. 10) winamdebare SemTxveva SemeZlo SemdgomSi gansaxilvel `SecdomebSic~ Camesva, Tumca mas aqve moviyvan, radgan is bgeriTi mimarTebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec sityvis Canacvleba xdeba, gansakuTrebiT mkafioa. erTi pacienti qali miyveba Tavis sizmars: viRac bavSvma gadawyvita, gvelis nakbeniT moiklas Tavi. mas es gadawyvetileba sisruleSi mohyavs. qali uyurebs, Tu rogor ikrunCxeba is da a.S. axla ki me mas vTavazob, rom sizmari daakavSiros winadRiT gancdilTan. maSinve axsendeba, rom guSin saRamos gvelis mier kbenis SemTxvevaSi pirveladi daxmarebis Sesaxeb sajaro leqcias mousmina. Tu gvelma erTdroulad dakbina ufrosi da bavSvi, maSin pirvel rigSi bavSvis iara unda damuSavdes. igi ixsenebs, Tu ra instruqciebi misca maT momxsenebelma. mas uTqvams, rom Zalian bevria damokidebuli imaze, Tu romeli saxeoba gikbens. aq me mas vawy vetineb da vekiTxebi: man ar giTxraT, rom Cvens mxareSi Zalian cota Sxamiani gvelia da romlebia saSiSi? `ki, man gansakuTrebiT Cxriala gvelze (Klapperschlange) gaamaxvila yuradReba.~ Cemi sicili mas axvedrebs, rom raRac araswori Tqva. magram is axla sa xels ki ar asworebs, aramed ukan miaqvs naTqvami. `marTlac, is xom Cvens mxareSi ar aris, aspitze laparakobda is kaci. mainc ram maTqmevina Cxriala gveli?~ me vvaraudob, rom im azrebis zegavleniT, romelic sizmris ukan iyo damaluli. gvelis nakbeniT TviTmkvleloba sxva araferi SeiZleba iyos, Tu ara miniSneba mSvenier kleo-
patraze. orive sityvis sakmaod didi bgeriTi msgavseba, `kl..p...r~-asoebis erTnair rigiTobaSi da à~-asoze aqcentirebaSi Tanxvedra SeuZlebelia ver SeamCnio. Cxriala gvelsa (Klapperschlange 18) da kleopatras Soris mimarTeba masSi wamierad msjelobis unaris daqveiTebas iwvevs, ris Sedegadac igi im gancxadebaSi, rom momxsenebelma venis publikas Cxriala gvelis nakbenebis movla aswavla, verafer ucnaurs ver xedavs. ise, man iseve kargad icis, rogorc me, rom am saxis gveli Cvens faunas ar miekuTvneba. arc imaSi davZraxavT mas, rom ver moisazra Cxriala gvelis egvipteSi lokalizeba, radgan Cven miCveulebi varT, yvelafer gareevropuls, egzotikurs erTad movuyaroT Tavi, da mec ki raRac garkveuli dro damWirda, sanam is azri gamovTqvi, rom Cxriala gveli mxolod axal miwas miekuTvneba. analizis msvlelobasTan erTad kidev bevri damadasturebeli argumenti iCens Tavs. sizmris mnaxvelma guSin pirvelad daaTvaliera misi binis axlos Straseris mier dadgmuli antoniusis skulptura. es iyo, ese igi, sizmris meore sababi (pirveli gvelis nakbenebze leqcia iyo). sizmris gagrZelebaSi is viRac bavSvs arwevda, razec mas gretheni gaaxsenda. imas, rac Semdgom axsendeba, àriasa da mesalinaze~ moaqvT remi-
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niscenciebi. sizmarSi piesebidan amdeni saxelis gamoCena ukve gvafiqrebinebs, rom sizmris mnaxveli adreul wlebSi msaxiobis karieraze ocnebobda. sizmris dasawyisi: èrTma bavSvma gadawyvita, sicocxle gvelis nakbeniT daesrulebina~, sxvas marTla arafers niSnavs, Tu ara imas, rom pacients bavSvobaSi ganzraxuli hqonda, odesme cnobili msaxiobi gamosuliyo. saxel mesalinadan im azrTa nakads, romelsac sizmris arsebiT Sinaarsamde mivhyavdiT, ukve sxva mimarTuleba aqvs. bolo drois garkveulma SemTxvevebma is sazrunavi gauCines, rom mis erTaderT Zmas SeiZleba maTi wrisTvis Seuferebeli araarieli coli moeyvana, anu mezaliansSi (Mesaliance) Sesuliyo. 11) minda erTi sruliad umanko da, motivaciis mxriv SeiZleba CvenTvis sakmaris doneze auxsneli, magaliTic moviyvano, radgan is sruliad gamWvirvale meqanizms gviCvenebs: italiaSi mogzaur erT germanels dasWirda Rvedi (riemen), Tavisi dazianebuli Cemodani rom Seekra. leqsikoni RvedisaTvis italiur sityva `coreggia~-s awvdis. is miiCnevs, am sityvas advilad davimaxsovrebo mxatvris (korejos) saxelze fiqriT. Semdeg maRaziaSi midis da iTxovs: una ribera. rogorc Cans, mas ar gamouvida, mexsierebaSi germanuli sityva italiuriT Caenacvlebina, magram mis garjas mTlad amaod mainc ar Cauvlia. man icoda, rom mxatvris saxels unda mihyoloda, da ase igi im mxatvris saxels ki ar miadga, romelic saWiro italiur sityvas hgavs, aramed sxvas, romelic germanul sityva riemen-s (Rveds) uaxlovdeba. bunebrivia, SemeZlo es magaliTi rogorc saxelTmaviwyobis ise mcdarTqmis SemTxvevebSic Camesva. roca am naweris pirveli gamocemisaTvis mcdarTqmis magaliTebs vagrovebdi, ise moviqeci, rom yvela SemTxveva, romlebze dakvirvebac SemeZlo, maT Soris yvelaze naklebad STambeWdavebic ki, analizs davuqvemdebare. mas Semdeg bevrma sxvam itvirTa es saxaliso jafa, mcdarTqmebi epovna da gaeanalizebina, da amgvrad iseT mdgomareoba Semiqmnes, rom SemiZlia ufro mdidari masalidan amovarCio magaliTebi. 12) erTi axalgazrda kaci eubneba mis das: d.-ebTan ukve mTlianad gavwyvite urTierToba, aRarc ki vesalmebi. misi da pasuxobs: saerTod, saeWvo zasogadoebaa. mas undoda eTqva: sazogadoeba, magram man kidev ori ram Caatia metyvelebis am SecdomaSi, is, rom erT dros mis Zmas Tavad hqonda am ojaxis qaliSvilTan flirti, da rom am gogoze ambobdnen, bolo dros seriozul, sruliad gaugonar sasiyvarulo istoriaSi aris gaxveulio. 13) axalgazrda kaci quCaSi erT qalbatons Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTavs: `neba momeciT, qaliSvilo, gagamciroT..~ is aSkarad fiqrobda, rom siamovnebiT gaacilebda mas, magram eSinoda, rom am SeTavazebiT qaliSvils daamcirebda. is, rom am orma urTi-
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erTsawinaaRmdego grZnobam erT sityvaSi _ swored am mcdarTqmaSi _ hpova gamoxatuleba, imaze miuTiTebs, rom axalgazrda kacis namdvili ganzraxvebi mTlad wminda ar iyo da mas Tavad unda mosCveneboda isini damamcireblad am qalis winaSe. xolo, roca igi qalisagan swored amis damalvas cdilobda, misma qvecnobierma is oini gaukeTa, rom Tavisi namdvili ganzraxva gasca, riTic, meores mxriv, man qals Semdegi sazogadod gavrcelebuli pasuxiT daaswro: `rogor ggoniaT, riTi SegiZliaT exla damamciroT?~ (magaliTi momawoda o. rankma.) zog magaliTi momyavs 1904 wlis 4 ianvars v. Stekelis mier `berliner tageblatSi~ gamoqveynebuli statiidan `qvecnobieri aRiarebebi~. 14) `Cemi qvecnobieri fiqrebis erT patara usiamovno nawils aaSkaravebs Semdegi magaliTi. imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom Cems saeqimo praqtikaSi moxveWis surviliAT arasodes viyavi Sepyrobili da mudam avadmyofis interesebi maqvs TvalTaxedvis areSi, rac, ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad cxadi ambavia. vimyofebi erT qalTan, romelsac, mZime avadmyofobis Semdeg, gamojanmrTelebis stadiaSi rogorc eqimi daxmarebas vuwev. erTad bevri rTuli dRe da Rame gadavitaneT. bednieri var, mas ukeTes mdgomareobaSi rom vxedav, vuxatav abaciaSi dasvenebis mTel netarebebs da vamateb: `Tu Tqven, rogorc vimedovneb, loginidan male ar wamodgebiT...~ aSkarad qvecnobieris egoisturi motividan warmoiSva is, rom kidev didxans SemZleboda am mdidari avadmyofis mkurnaloba, iseTi survilidan, romelic Cemi fxizeli cnobierebisTvis sruliad ucxoa da romelsac darcxvenili uarvyofdi.~ 15) sxva magaliTi (v. Stekeli). `Cemi coli naSuadRevisaTvis mosamsaxured erT frang qals iyvans da unda, rom, pirobebze SeTanxmebamde, misi dokumentebi daitovos. frangi sTxovs, rom isini daubronos, Semdegi sababiT: `Je cherche encore pour les apresmi dis, pardon, pour les avant-midis~ 19. rogorc Cans, mas ganzraxuli hqonda, sxvaganac mimoexeda da iqneb ukeTesi pirobebi mieRo _ ganzraxva, romelic man Seasrula kidevac.~ 16) (dr. Stekeli) èrTi qalisaTvis leviaTani unda wamekiTxa da misi qmari, romlis TxovniTac xdeboda es, kars ukan dgas da gviyuradebs. qadagebis bolos, romelmac aSkarad moaxdina STabeWdileba, me vambob: `xels emTxvie, mowyaleo batono!~ amiT saqmeSi Caxeduli unda mimxvdariyo, rom es sityvebi im batonisadmi iyo mimarTuli da rom me es mis gamo warmovTqvi.~ 17) dr. Stekeli Tavis Tavze yveba, rom erT dros or triestel pacients mkurnalobda, romlebsac is yovelTvis erTmaneTis saxelebiT esalmeboda. `dila mSvidobisa, batono peloni~, _ veubnebodi askolis, _ `dila mSvidobisa, batono askoli~, _ pelonis. is Tavidan aranair ufro Rrma motivacias ar miawerda am arevas da amas mxolod orive batonis mravali saerTo niSniT xsnida. Tumca, advili gaxda misi darwmuneba,
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rom aq saxelebis es areva erTgvar kudabzikobas Seesabameboda, romliTac, SesaZloa, Tavisi orive italieli pacientisTvis surda eTqva, rom igi araa erTaderTi triesteli, romelic venaSi Camodis, raTa mas samedicino rCeva hkiTxos. 18) Tavad dr. Stekeli ambobs erT xmaurian generalur Sekrebaze: gadavCxubvarT (gadavdivarT) dRis wesrigis meoTxe punqtze. 19) wardgenis sityvaSi erTma profesorma Tqva: `me ar mivdgebi (gamovdgebi) Cemi didad pativsacemi winamorbedis damsaxurebaTa CamoTvlas.~ 20) dr. Stekeli eubneba qalbatons, romelTanac bazedovis daavadebas eWvobs: `Tqven erTi CiyviT (TaviT) maRali xarT Tqvens daze.~ 21) dr. Stekeli yveba: viRacas surs aRweros ori megobris urTierToba, romelTagan erTerTi unda daxasiaTdes rogorc ebraeli. is ambobs: isini ise iyvnen erTad rogorc kastori da polaki. 20 es srulebiTac ar iyo xumroba, mosaubrem verc ki SeamCnia es mcdarTqma da mxolod me mivapyrobine mas amaze yuradReba. 22) xandaxan erTi mcdarTqma mTeli zedmiwevniTi daxasiaTebis saqmes akeTebs. axalgazrda qalbatoni, romelic saxlSi ufrosobs, Tavis avadmyof qmarze miyveba, rom is eqimTan iyo, raTa misTvis saWiro dietaze ekiTxa. eqmis uTqvams, rom es ar aris mniSvnelovani. `mas SeuZlia Wamos da svas, rac me minda.~ T. raikis momdevno magaliTebi (fsiqoanalizis saerTaSoriso Jurnali, III, 1915) iseTi situaciebidanaa aRebuli, roca mcdarTqma gansakuTrebiT advilad xdeba, radgan ufro meti unda iqnas daTrgunuli, vidre unda Tqmuliyo. 23) erTi batoni axalgazrda qalbatons, romlis qmaric cota xnis win gardaicvala, samZimars ucxadebs da miugebs: `nugeSs hpovebT imaSi, rom mTlianad Tqvens bavSvebs miuqvrebT Tavs.~ daTrgunuli azri sxvagvar nugeSze miuTiTebs: axlagazrda qvrivi male axal seqsualur siamovnebas miiRebs. 24) igive batoni imave qalbatons saRamos Sekrebil sazogadoebaSi im did samzadisebze esaubreba, romlebic berlinSi aRdgomis dResaswaulisaTvis imarTeba, da ekiTxeba: `naxeT dRes verThaimis vitrinaSi reebia gamodebuli? sul dekoltirebulia.~ mas ar hqonda ufleba, mSvenieri qalis dekolteTi aRfrTovaneba xmamaRla gamoeTqva, axla ki ukugdebulma azrma Tavisi gaitana, saqonlis vitrinis dekoraciis dekoltirebad gadaqceviT, raSic sityva `gamodebuli~ aracnobierad ormagi datvirTiT iqna gamoyenebuli. igive exeba im dakvirvebasac, romlis gadmocemac surs dr. hans zaqss: 25) èrTi qalbatoni Cvens saerTo nacnobze miyveba, rom, bolos rom vnaxe, iseve eleganturad iyo gamowyobili rogorc yovelTvis da gansakuTrebiT lamazi, yavisferi naxevrad daxuruli fexsacmeli ecvao. Cems kiTxvaze, Tu sad naxa igi, qalma mipasuxa: `man Cemi saxlis karis zari dareka da me is CamoSvebuli Jaluzebidan davinaxe. magram
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arc kari gamiRia da arc sicocxlis raime niSani mimicia, radgan ar mindoda gaego, rom ukve qalaqSi viyavi.~ mosmenisas vfiqrob, rom is raRacas mimalavs, albaT swored imas, ferisad Cacmurom, man kari ar gaaRo, radgan marto ar iyo da stumris misaRebad Sesa li ar iyo, da cotaTi ironiulad vkiTxe: èse igi daxuruli Jaluzebidan SeZeliT misi saxlebrad... naxevrad daxuruli fexsacmliT damtkbariyaviT?~ `saxlis fexsacmelSi~ mis saxlis tanisamosze Sekavebuli fiqri gamoaSkaravda. meore mxriv ki, sityva `naxevris~ moSorebis moTxovnileba imitom gaCnda, rom swored am sityvaSi ido ukugdebuli pasuxis arsi: `Tqven mxolod naxevar simarTles meubnebiT da mimalavT, rom mxolod naxevrad iyaviT Cacmuli.~ es mcdarTqma imiTac iyo gamowveuli, rom zustad manamde Cven zemoTxsenebuli kacis col-qmrul cxovrebaze, òjaxur bednierebaze~ vsaubrobdiT, rac mis personaze gadasvlaSi ganmsazRvreli iyo. da bolos unda vaRiaro, rom SeiZleba Cemma Surmac imoqmeda, roca es eleganturi batoni saxlis fexsacmelebiT gamovaWene quCaSi; mec viyide amaswinaT yavisferi naxevrad daxuruli fexsacmelebi, romlebic ukve namdvilad aRar arian `gansakuTrebiT lamazi~. dRevandeli omis msgavs periodebs iseT mcdarTqmaTa mTeli wyeba moaqvT, romelTa gagebac aranair siZneles ar warmoadgens. 26) `romel batalionSi imyofeba Tqveni vaJi?~ - ekiTxebian erT qalbatons. is pasuxobs: `42-e mkvlelebSi (mcvelebSi).~ 27) leitenanti henrik haimani brZolis velidan iwereba: `me damatyvevebeli wignis kiTxvas mwyveten, rom cota xniT radisti Sevcvalo. xelmZRvanelobis mier mZime teqnikis sadgomis Semowmebaze ase vreagireb: kontroli sworia, kavSiris siwynare. reglamentis mixedviT ase unda yofiliyo: kontroli sworia, kavSiris dasasruli. Cemi wacdena im gaRizianebiT aixsneba, rom kiTxvaSi Semawuxes.~ (fsiqoanalizis saerT. Jurn., IV, 1916/17.) 28) feldfebeli arigebs jars, rom zustad gaagzavnon TavianTi misamarTebi saxlebSi, raTa maTi qoni (qoneba) gzaSi ar daikargos. 29) am araCveulebriv da Tavisi Zalian samwuxaro warsulis mqone mniSvnelovan magaliTs me dr. l. SCeSCeris monayols vumadli, romelmac, omis dros neitralur SveicariaSi yofnisas, es dakvirveba gaakeTa da amomwuravad gaaanaliza. mis monaTxrobs aq patara, SedarebiT araarsebiTi nawilebis gamotovebiT gadmogcemT: `Tavs uflebas mivcem, `mcdarTqmis~ erT SemTxvevaze mogiyveT, romelic baton profesor m. n.-s o.-Si amJamad ukve dasrulebuli zafxulis semestris dros SegrZnebaTa fsiqologiaze leqciis kiTxvisas gaepara. winaswarve unda gacnoboT, rom es leqciebi universitetis darbazSi frangi internirebuli omis tyveebisa da umetes SemTxvevaSi antantis momxre frangebisa da Sveicarielebisgan Semdgari studentobis winaSe ikiTxeboda. o.-Si, rogorc TviTon safrangeTSi, sityva boche amJamad mxolod
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germanelis aRsaniSnavad ixmareba. Tumca Ria yrilobebze, iseve rogorc leqciebze da amisTanebze msxvili moxeleebi, profesorebi da sxva pasuxismgebeli pirebi cdiloben, neitralitetis gamo, am av sityvas moeridon. amasobaSi profesori n. imiT iyo dakavebuli, rom afeqtebis praqtikuli mniSvneloba gaerCia, da ganizraxa, erTi magaliTis citireba moexdina romeliRac afeqtis mizanmimarTuli gamoyenebisTvis, raTa kunTebis TavisTavad uintereso samuSao pozitiuri grZnobebiT daetvirTa da amgvarad ufro intensiurad gamoekveTa. amisaTvis igi moyva, ra Tqma unda frangulad, sayovelTao germanuli gazeTidan aqaur gazeTebSi gadmobeWdili ambavs germaneli maswavleblis Sesaxeb, romelmac Tavis moswavleebs baRSi muSaobisas stimulis misacemad ubrZana, warmoedginaT, TiTqos TiToeuli goji miwis nacvlad frangis Tavis qalas apobdnen. am ambis moyolisas n., ra Tqma unda, yovelTvis, roca germanelze iyo saubari, sruliad koreqtulad ambobda Allemand-s da ara boche-s. Tumca, roca Tavisi istoriis puantesTan mivida, maswavleblis sityvebi man Semdegnairad gadmoTqva: Ìmaginez vouz, quen chaque moche vous ecrasez le crane dun
Francais.~ eseigi, motte-s (goji) nacvlad _ moche! (maxinji.) xom aSkaraa, rogor ahyavs koreqtul swavluls Txrobis dawyebidanve Tavi xelSi, rom ar minebdes Cvevas da, SeiZleba iTqvas, cdunebasac, da is mTavrobis brZanebiTac ki mkacrad uaryofili sityva universitetis darbazis kaTedridan ar wamoroSvas! da swored im momentSi, roca man bednierad bolojer sruliad koreqtulad Tqva ìnstituteur allemand ~ da Sinaganad amosunTqviT uproblemo dasasrulisaken miiCqaris, wvalebiT ukugdebuli is sityva miekroba sityva motte-s msgavs JReradobas da _ ubedurebac xdeba. politikuri utaqtobis SiSi, SeiZleba ukugdebuli survilic, es Cveuli da yvelas mier gamoyenebuli sityva mainc exmara, iseve rogorc suliT xorcamde respub-likelisa da demokratis Sinagani janyi azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis nebis mieri saxis SezRudvis winaaRmdeg magaliTis koreqtulad gadmocemaze mimarTul mTavar ganzraxvasTan inteferireben. interferirebis es tendencia mosaubrisaTvis cnobilia da _ sxvanairad es arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo _ zustad mcdarTqmamde igi amaze fiqrobda. profesorma n.-m Tavisi es mcdarTqma ver SeamCnia, yovel SemTxvevaSi, man is ar Se aswora, rac, wesiT, maSinve xdeba avtomaturad. samagierod lafsusi ZiriTadad frangebisgan Semdgarma auditoriam didi siamovnebiT miiRo da sruliad ganzraxuli sityvieri xumrobis STabeWdileba datova. me ki am TiTqos uxifaTo movlenas namdvili Sinagani mRelvarebiT mivyvebodi. radgan, TavisTavad cxadi mizezebis gamo ar unda damesva profesorisaTvis fsiqoanalitikuri meTodis codniT gamowveuli akviatebuli kiTxvebi, es mcdarTqma CemTvis sabuTi iyo, rom Tqveni moZRvreba cdomilebaTa gansazRvrulobis Sesaxeb marTebulia da mcdarTqmasa da xumrobas Soris Rrma analo-
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gia da urTierTkavSiri arsebobs.~ aqedan metyvelebis im darRvevebamde mivdivarT, romlebic aRar aRiqmebian rogorc mcdarTqma, radgan ara ubralod calkeul sityvas, aramed mTeli frazis riTmsa da mimdevrobas moicaven, rogorc, magaliTad, uxerxulobaSi enis dabma da waborZikeba. magram aqac da iqac es raRac Sinagani konfliqtia, romelic metyvelebis darRvevaSi vlindeba. ara mgonia, vinmes raime wascdes mis aRmatebulebasTan audienciis dros, seriozuli sasiyvarulo paemanis dros, naficTa winaSe Rirsebisa da saxelis dasacavad warmoTqmuli sityvis dros, mokled, yvela im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac pirovneba mTlianad CarTulia. stilis Sefasebisasac, rogoriTac avtori wers, SegviZlia da miCveulni varT, axsnis is principi gavataroT, romelsac metyvelebis TiToeuli Secdomidan daskvnis gamoyvanisasac ki ver veleviT. weris cxadi da araorazrovani manera gveubneba, rom aq avtori Tavis TavTan srul TanxmobaSia, xolo sadac naZaladev da natanj winadadebas vpoulobT, iseTs, romelic, rogorc amboben, mets gulisxmobs, vidre ambobs, aq SegviZlia raime arasakmarisad dasrulebuli, rTuli azris monawileoba an da avtoris mier Tavis kritikis gaguduli xma SevicnoT. 21
Tavi meeqvse
mcdarkiTxva da mcdarwera
is, rom kiTxvis da weris dros daSvebuli SecdomebisaTvis igive Tvalsazrisebi da SeniSvnebia qmediTi, rac metyvelebis SecdomebisaTvis, am funqciaTa Sinagani naTesaobis fonze gasakviri ar aris. me aq imiT Semovifarglebi, rom yuradRebiT gaanalizebuli ramdenime magaliTi gadmogceT, da ar Sevecdebi, movlenaTa mTlianoba movicva. a) mcdarkiTxva 1) yavis saxlSi `laipciguri ilustrirebulis~ erTi nomeri gadavSale, romelic iribad miWiravs, da am gverdze gadaWimuli suraTis saTaurad vkiTxulob: saqorwilo zeimi odiseaSi. yuradRebagamaxvilebuli da gaocebuli furcels sworad viWer da vasworeb: saqorwilo zeimi an der ostsee.22 rogor momivida kiTxvis es suleluri Secdoma? Cemi azrebi maSinve garbian ruTis erTi wignisaken _ èqsperimentuli gamokvlevebi musikaluri fantomebisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb~, romelsac bolo dros did yuradRebas vuTmobdi, radgan Cem mier ganxilul fsiqologiur problemebs exeba. avtori Semd-
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gomisTvis gvpirdeba nawarmoebs, romelsac `sizmris fenomenis analizi da safuZvelTa kanonebi~ erqmeva. araa gasakviri, rom me, romelmac axlaxans gamoveci `sizmrebis axs na~, udidesi RelviT veli am wigns. musikaluri fantomebis Sesaxeb ruTis nawerSi win gamotanil sarCevSi vipove im dawvrilebiTi induqciuri dasabuTebis winmswrebi ganacxadi, rom Zvel elinur miTebsa da Tqmulebebs mTvaravi safuZveli Tvlemisa da musikalur fantomebSi, sizmris fenomenebsa da aseve deliriebSi aqvT. maSin im wamsve gadavSale teqsti, rom gamerkvia, dahyavs Tu ara mas odisevsis nausikaasTan gaCenis scena, siSiSvlis Cveul sizmarze. erTma Cemma megobarma mimiTiTa g. keleris `mwvane hainrixSi~ erT lamaz adgilze, romelic odiseis am epizods xsnis rogorc samSoblosagan Sors moxetiale mezRvauris sizmrebis obieqtivacias; me, Cemi mxriv èqzibiciur~ sizmarTan davakavSire (me-8 gamoc. S. 170). ruTTan amis msgavsi veraferi vnaxe. am SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cans, prioritetuli azrebi mawuxebda. 2) rogor mivedi iqamde, rom erT dRes gazeTSi wamekiTxa: èvropaSi fexiT mkasri~, nacvlad mgzavrisa? amisi axsna didi xnis manZilze sirTuleebs miqmnida. Tumca Semdgomi fiqrebi imaze mianiSnebdnen, rom diogenes kasri unda yofiliyo nagulisxmevi, da xelovnebis istoriaSi cota xnis win aleqsandres droindel xelovnebaze wamekiTxa raRaceebi. amdenad, araa gasakviri, rom aleqsandres cnobil gamoTqmaze mefiqra: aleqsandre rom ar vyofiliyavi, diogened yofnas varCevdio. aseve vinme herman caitungis Sesaxeb amomitivtivda raRaceebi, romelic yuTSi CafuTuli mogzaurobda. mag ram urTierTkavSiris dasadgenad meti veRaraferi xerxdeboda, da verc is SevZeli, xelovnebis istoriaSi is gverdi mepovna, romelzec Tavis droze is SeniSvna momxvedroda TvalSi. mxolod Tveebis Semdeg gamaxsenda es ganze gadadebuli gamocana, da amjerad axsnac mohyva. momagonda gazeTis erT statiaSi wakiTxuli SeniSvna imis Taobaze, Tu gadaadgilebis ra ucnaur xerxebs mimarTaven adamianebi, raTa parizSi moxvdnen msoflio gamofenaze, da iq, rogorc maxsovs, xumrobiT isic iyo naTqvami, rom erT batons is ganzraxvac ki aqvs, sxva batonis mier gagorebuli kasriT igoros parizamde. am xalxs, ra Tqma unda sxva aranairi motivi ar hqonda, garda aseTi sisuleleebiT yuradRebis miqcevisa. herman caitungi (germanulad caitungi gazeTs niSnavs), marTlac iyo im kacis saxeli, romelmac gadaadgilebis aseTi uCveulo gzis pirveli magaliTi aCvena. Semdeg gamaxsenda, rom erTxel vmkurnalobdi pacients, romelsac gazeTebis mimarT avadmyofuri SiSi hqonda. es SiSi iyo reaqcia avadmyofur pativmoyvareobaze _ survilze, enaxa Tavisi saxeli gazeTSi. aleqsandre makedoneli albaT erTerTi yvelaze pativmoyvare adamiani iyo kacobriobis istoriaSi. igi xom Cioda, rom versad ipovida meore homeross, romelic mis sagmiro saqmeebs Seasxamda xotbas. magram rogor SemeZlo imaze ar mefiqra, rom sxva aleqsnadre ufro axlos dgas CemTan, rom aleqsandre Cemi umcrosi Zmis saxelia! me maSinve vipove usiamovno da gandevnis
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saWiroebis mqone fiqri am aleqsandresTan mimarTebaSi da amis uSualo mizezi. Cemi Zma tarifebisa da transportis specialistia, da Tavisi samaswavleblo saqmianobisaTvis male erT komerciul umaRles saswavlebelSi profesoris titulic unda mieRo. aseTive Tanamdebobaze gadayvanaze igive universitetSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi mec viyavi wardgenili, Tumca uSedegod. dedaCveni gakvirvebas gamoTqvamda imaze, rom misi umcrosi vaJi ufro male xdeboda profesori, vidre - ufrosi. aseTi viTareba iyo im dros, roca kiTxvis SecdomisaTvis axsnas ver vpulobdi. mere Cem ZmasTan dakavSirebiTac warmoiqmna sirTuleebi; misi Sansebi, profesori gamxdariyo, Cemsas CamorCa. aq ki uceb ganmicxadda mcdarkiTxulis azri; ise gamovida, TiTqos Zmis Sansebis Semcirebam dabrkoleba momixsna. ise miveqeci, TiTqos gazeTSi Zmis daniSvnaze vkiTxulobdi da am dros Tavs veubnebodi: ucnauria, rom aseTi sisuleleebisaTvis (rogoric misi profesiaa) SeiZleba Senze gazeTSi daweron! (e. i. profesoroba moganiWon). Semdeg aleqsandres droindeli elinisturi xelovnebis Sesaxeb is adgili wvalebis gareSe gadavSale da gaognebuli davrwmundi, rom wina Zebnis dros am gverdze ganmeorebiT vkiTxulobdi da yovel jerze, rogorc raRac negatiuri halucinaciis Zalauflebis qveS, am winadadebas vaxtebodi. igi arafer iseTs ar Seicavda, rac axsnaSi damexmareboda, rac daviwyebis Rirsi iqneboda. vgulisxmob imas, rom wignSi saWiro adgilis verpovnis simptomi mxolod CemTvis gza-kvalis asarevad iyo Seqmnili. azrTa kavSiris gagrZeleba iq unda meZebna, sadac Cems Ziebas gzaSi dabrkoleba dauxvda, anu aleqsnadre makedonelis Sesaxeb raime ideaSi, da amiT igive saxelis mqone Zmas rac SeiZleba saimedod avcdenodi. es mSvenivradac moxerxda; me mTeli Zalisxmeva imaze movmarTe, rom xelovnebis istoriaSi dakarguli adgili mepovna isev. sityva `gadaadgilebis~ orazrovneba am SemTxvevaSi asociaciuri xidi iyo or kompleqss Soris, umniSvnelos - romelsac gazeTis nota aRZravs _ da ufro sainteresos, magram usiamovnos Soris, romelic aq wasakiTxis darRvevaSi xdeba qmediTi. am magaliTidan Cans, rom yovelTvis ar aris advili, kiTxvis am Secdomis magvari SemTxvevebi axsna. xandaxan isic gviwevs, rom gamocanis axsna ufro xelsayreli droisaTvis gadavdoT. magram rac ufro rTulia axsnis samuSao, miT ufro mosalodnelia, rom bolos da bolos aRmoCenili xelSemSleli fiqri Cveni cnobieri azrovnebis mier ucxod da winaaRmdegobrivad Sefasdeba. 3) erT dRes venis maxlobeli adgilidan werils viReb, romelic Tavzardamcem ambavs iuwyeba. Cems colsac maSinve vurekav da movuwodeb gaiziaros sawyali qalbatoni vilhelm m.-s ase mZimed daavadeba, romlis gadarCenis imedi eqimebs aRar aqvT. magram sityvebSi, romlebiTac wuxili Sevmose, raRacas yalbad unda eJRera, radgan Cemi coli eWvdeba, werilis naxvas iTxovs da darwmunebiT ambobs, rom ase ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo iq dawerili, radgan aravin moixseniebs qals Tavisi qmris saxeliT, da
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rom, amas garda, werilis avtorisaTvis qalis saxeli Zalian kargad iyo cnobili. me Cems azrs jiutad vicav da savizito baraTebis im miRebul formaze mivuTiTeb, roca qali Tavisi qmris saxels iyenebs. sabolood werilis aReba miwevs, da Cven marTlac vkiTxulobT `sawyali batoni v. m.~, da kidev ufro meti, rac saerTod gamomrCenoda: `sawyali batoni dr. v. m.~. Cemi Secdoma erTgvar sasowarkveTil mcdelobas warmoadgens, samwuxaro axali ambis simZime kacidan qalze gadavitano. artikls, epiTetsa da saxels Soris Securebuli wodeba ar uxdeba im moTxovnas, rom aq qali unda igulisxmebodes. amitom kiTxvis drois is saerTod amovarda. xolo, am gayalbebis motivi is ki ar iyo, rom qali naklebad mesimpaTiureboda vidre kaci, aramed am sawyali kacis beds Cemi Relva sxva, axlobeli pirovnebis garSemo gaemZafrebina, romelsac avadmyofobis am SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebuli CemTvis nacnobi viTarebebi hqonda saerTo. 4) gamaRizianebeli da sasaciloa CemTvis erTi mcdarkiTxva, romelic xSirad momdis, roca ardadegebis dros ucxo qalaqis quCebSi vseirnob. yvela maRaziis abras vkiTxulob rogorc antikvars, Tu isini amas ramenairad Camogvanan. amaSi koleqcioneris Tavgadasavlis Jini vlindeba. b) mcdarwera 1) furcelze, romelzec met-wilad samsaxureobrivi interesis mokle dRiuri Canawerebia, Cemda gasakvirad, seqtembris Tvis swor TariRiebs Soris vpoulob mcdarweril TariRs _ `xuTSabaTi, 20. oqt.~. ar aris rTuli am anticipaciis, survilis gamoxatulebis axsna. sul ramdenime dRis dabrunebuli var saSvebulebo mogzaurobidan da Tavs mzad vgrZnob datvirTuli saeqimo saqmianobisaTvis, Tumca pacientTa ricxvi jer isev cotaa. dabrunebisas erTi avadmyofi qalbatonis werili vnaxe, romelic iuwyeboda, rom 20 oqtombers movidoda. roca dRis igive ricxvi seqtemberSi CaviniSne, albaT unda mefiqra: neta X ukve aq yofiliyo; afsusia mTeli erTi Tve! da am fiqrebSi TariRi win wavwie. damrRvev fiqrs am SemTxvevaSi aRmaSfoTebels namdvilad ver vuwodebT; samagierod, SevniSnav Tu ara maSinve momepoveba axsna weris SecdomisaTvis. mTlianad analogiur da igivenairad motivirebul mcdarweras vimeoreb Semdegi wlis Semodgomaze. _ e. jonsma TariRis werisas daSvebuli msgavsi Secdomebi Seiswavla da umravles SemTxvevaSi advilad motivirebadad aRiara. 2) viReb `nevrologiisa da fsiqiatriis wliuri uwyebisaTvis~ Cem mier dawerili statiis koreqturas da, ra Tqma unda, gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT avtorTa saxelebi unda Sevasworo, romlebic, sxvadasxva erovnuli mikuTvnebis gamo, asoTamwyobs yovelTvis udides sirTuleebs uqmnis. zogierTi ucxod mJReri sityva marTla Sesasworebelia, magram erTi saxeli, rac ar unda ucnauri iyos, asoTamwyobma Cemi
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xelnaweris sawinaaRmdegod Seaswora, da sruliad marTebuladac. kerZod, me `burkrardi~ damewera, roca asoTamwyobma `burkhardi~ amoicno. erTi meanis naweri me Tavad Semeqo rogorc damsaxurebuli naSromi. arc araferi mqonda misi avtoris sawinaaRmdego, magram igive saxels atarebs aseve erTi veneli mwerali, romelmac Cem `sizmrebis axsnaze~ ugunuri kritikiT gamabraza. TiTqos saxel burkhardis dawerisas, romelic meanze miuTiTebda, raRac cudi vifiqre meore b.-ze, mweralze, vinaidan saxelebis Setrialeba sakmaod xSirad, rogorc mcdarTqmaSi vaxsene, Seuracxyofas niSnavs23. 4) mcdarweris rogorc Cans ufro seriozuli SemTxveva, romelic aseTive warmatebiT `wacdenaTa~ 24 rigsac SeiZleba mivaTvaloT: ganzraxuli maqvs, fostis bankidan 300 kronis odenobis Tanxa gamoviwero, romelic sakurorto daniSnulebisaTvis minda gavugzavno iq wasul naTesavs. amasTan vamCnev, rom Cem angariSze 4380 kronaa da gadavwyvet, exla es Tanxa mrgval 4000 kronaze daviyvano, romelic momdevno xanSi xelSeuxebeli unda darCes. mas Semdeg, rac Ceki mowesrigebulad Sevavse da Tanxis Sesabamisi cifrebi gamovkveTe, uceb vamCnev, rom, rogorc mindoda, 380 krona ki ara, aramed 438 gamoviwere, da Sevdrkebi sakuTari qmedebis arasandoobaze. SeSinebas male gaumarTleblad vcnob; me xom axla ar var ufro Raribi, vidre manamde. Tumca karga xani miwevs imaze fiqri, Tu romelma zegavlenam daarRvia aq Cemi pirveladi, Cemi cnobierebisTvis gacxadebis gareSe. Tavidan araswor gzebs vadgebi, msurs orive ricxvi, 380 da 483 erTmaneTisgan ganvacalkevo, magram ar vici, ra vuyo am gansxvavebas. bolos da bolos, uecari mosazreba miCvenebs namdvil urTierTkavSirs _ 438 xom 4380 kronis mTliani angariSis aT procents Seesabameba! 10 % fasdakleba ki wignis gamyidvelTan gvaqvs. maxsendeba, rom ramdenime dRis win same dicino nawarmoebebis garkveuli raodenoba, romelTa mimarTac interesi davkarge, gamovarCie, raTa isini wignebis gamyidvelisaTvis SemeTavazebina 300 kronad. mas moTxovna zedmetad Zvirad eCvena da dampirda, rom Semdeg dReebSi saboloo pasuxs metyoda. Tu SeTavazebas miiRebs, maSin swored im Tanxas aminazRaurebs, romelic avadmyofisaTvis unda gavce. ar unda uarvyoT, rom es gacema mamwuxrebs. Cemi Secdomis gaazrebisas CarTuli afeqti imis SiSiT ufro kargad aixsneba, aseTi xelgaSlilobiT ar gavRaribebuliyavi. magram orive, am fulis gacemis Taobaze Relva da gaRaribebis masTan dakavSirebuli SiSi Cemi cnobierebisaTvis sruliad ucxoa; es wuxili ar migrZvnia, roca am Tanxas Sevpirdi, da amis motivacia sasacilod momeCveneboda. sakuTari TavisTvis aseTi sulieri moZraobis miweras verc ki gavbedavdi, pacientebTan fsiqoanalizis praqtikis meSveobiT sulieri cxovrebis gandevnil momentebSi sakmaod Caxeduli rom ar vyofiliyavi, da ramdenime dRis win sizmari rom ar menaxa, romelic aseTive axsnas moiTxovda. 25 5) v. Stekelis mixedviT vaxden Semdegi SemTxvevis citirebas, romlis auTenturobaze Tavad vageb pasuxs: `mcdarwerisa da mcdarkiTxvis lamis daujerebeli magaliTi
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moxda erTi gavrcelebuli sakvirao gazeTis redaqciaSi. mis xelmZRvanelobas sajarod uwodes `mosyidvadi~; axla saWiroa, amis gasaqarwylebeli da TavdacviTi statia daiweros. asec moxda _ Tanac udidesi mxurvalebiTa da paTosiT. gazeTis mTavarma redaqtorma waikiTxa statia, damwermac, ra Tqma unda, mravaljer _ TviTon xelnawerSi, mere kidev erTxel _ koreqturaSi, yvela Zalzed kmayofili iyo. uceb koreqtori Cndeba da erT patara Secdomaze miuTiTebs, romelic yvelas gamoparvoda. iq garkveviT ewera: `Cvens mkiTxvelebs mxolod imis Tqma SeuZliaT, rom Cven yovelTvis angarebiT vibrZodiT sayovelTao keTildReobisaTvis.~ ra Tqma unda, ùangarod~ unda eweros. magram namdvilma fiqrebma elementaruli ZaliT gamoaRwies am paTetikur sityvaSi. vundti im advilad dadasturebadi faqtis aRsaniSnav dasabuTebas iZleva, rom Cven ufro iolad mogvdis mcdarwera, vidre mcdarTqma. `Cveulebrivi saubris dros nebaSi arsebuli damTrgunavi funqcia gamudmebiT imazea mimarTuli, rom warmodgenebis mdinareba da artikulaciis moZraoba erTmaneTis SesatyvisobaSi moiyvanos. Tu warmodgenebs moyolili gamoxatvis moZraoba meqanikuri mizezebiT Seneldeba, rogorc werisas, maSin amgvari anticipaciebi gansakuTrebiT iolad gveufleba.~ im viTarebebze dakvirveba, romlebSiac mcdarkiTxva warmoiSoba, erTi eWvis safuZvels gvaZlevs, romelic ar minda uxsenebeli davtovo, radgan igi, Cemi azriT, Zalian nayofieri gamokvlevis amosaval wertilad SeiZleba gamodges. yvelasTvis cnobilia, Tu ra xSirad tovebs xmamaRla kiTxvisas mkiTxvelis yuradReba teqsts da sakuTar azrebTan midis. yuradRebis am gadacdenis Sedegi arc Tu iSviaTad isaa Tu kiTxvas SeawyvetinebT da gamokiTxavT, is saerTod ver getyviT, ras kiTxulobda, irkveva, rom is avtomaturad, magram TiTqmis yovelTvis sworad kiTxulobda. ara mgonia, rom kiTxgan vis Secdomebi aseT viTarebebSi gansakuTrebulad izrdebodes. raRac funqciebi miCveulni varT imis varauds, rom avtomaturad, e.i. lamis aranairi cnobieri yuradRebis gareSe, isini yvelaze zustad xorcieldeba. aqedan TiTqos gamomdinareobs, rom metyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris Secdomebis dros yuradRebis pirobebi sxvadasxvanairad Rebis gamoTiSva an rad unda ganisazRvros, vidre es mocemuli gvaqvs vundtan (yu minebeba). is magaliTebi, romlebic gavaanalizeT, ar gvaZleven imis uflebas, rom yuradRebis kvantitatiuri Semcireba vivaraudoT; Cven aRmovaCineT (rac albaT ar aris igive) yuradRebis darRveva ucxo, pretenziis mqone azris meSveobiT.
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1. es aris is zogadi gza, dafaruli warmosaxvis elementebis cnobierebaSi amosativtiveblad. Sdr. Cemi `sizmris axsna~ (3. gamocema, gv. 71) (sruli Txz. tomi II/III). 2. am patara analizma didi yuradReba gamoiwvia literaturaSi da gacxovelebuli diskusiebi mohyva mas. e. bloileri cdilobda swored amiT maTematikurad aexsna fsiqoanalizuri axsna-ganmartebebis damajerebloba da daaskvna, rom am patara analizs ufro meti damajerebloba aqvs, vidre aTasobiT arasadavo samedicino `miRwevebs~ da rom igi Tavis gansakuTrebul adgils mxolod imis wyalobiT daimkvidrebs, rom jer kidev daCveuli ar arian mecnierebaSi angariSi gauwion fsiqologiur sinamdviles (egocentristul-mouwesrigebeli azrovneba medicinaSi da misi gadalaxva. berlini. 1919). 3. ufro zusti dakvirveba odnav amcirebs kontrasts `siniorelisa~ da aliquis analizs Soris CanacvlebiT gaxsenebasTan mimarTebaSi. aqac, rogorc Cans, daviwyebas Tan axlavs sanacvlos warmoqmna. roca me Cems partniors damatebiT davusvi SekiTxva, daviwyebuli sityvis sanacvlod raime sxva sityva xom ar gaxsendeba-meTqi mipasuxa, rom Tavdapirvelad cduneba vigrZeni leqsSi CamerTo ab: nostris ab ossibus (albaT a liquis msgavsad), da Semdeg, exoriare gansakuTrebiT mkafiod da jiutad amekviatao. rogorc skeptikosma, daamata: albaT imitom, rom es leqsis pirveli sityva iyoo. roca me mas vTxove, mainc miaqcieT yuradReba exoriare-s asociacias meTqi, eqsorcizmi daasaxela. aqedan gamomdinare, advilad SemiZlia vifiqro, rom exoriare-s gaZlierebas reproduqciaSi msgavsi CanacvlebiTi warmoqmnis mniSvneloba hqonda. igive moyveboda asociacias: eqsorcizmi wmindanTa saxelebidan gamomdinareobs. am dros es aris is wvrilmani niuansebi, rasac mniSvneloba ar unda mivaniWoT (P. Wilson: The impereceptible Obvious Revista de Psiquiatria, lima ianvari, 1922, ki xazgasmiT aRiniSnavs, rom exoriare-s gaZlierebas sakmaod didi ganmartebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan eqsorcizmi saukeTeso simboluri Canacvleba iqneboda abortis gziT arasasurveli bavSvis gaCenis moSorebis fiqris sanacvlod. me am Sesworebas madlierebiT miviReb, rac arafriT zians ar ayenebs analizis savaldebulobas). Tumca, SesaZlebelia, rom raime sanacvlo gaxseneba warmoadgendes tendenciuri, SeviwroebiT motivirebuli daviwyebis mudmiv, iqneb mxolod damaxasiaTebel da gamamJRavnebel niSans. am Canacvlebis warmoqmnas adgili aqvs iqac, sadac ar xdeba araswori sanacvlo saxelebis amotivtiveba, im elementis gasaZliereblad, romelic daviwyebulis mezoblad imyofeba. `siniorelis~ SemTxvevaSi magaliTad, vidre mxatvris gvari CemTvis miuwvdomeli iyo, freskebis ciklis da suraTis kuTxeSi datanebuli avtoportretis vizualuri gaxseneba Zalze mniSvnelovania, yovel SemTxvevaSi, ufro intensiuri, vidre vizualuri gaxsenebis sxva kvali, sxva SemTxveva, romelic aseve miTiTebulia 1898 wlis statiaSi, erT-erT qalaqSi usiamovno viziti mqonda. damaviwyda quCis saxeli, saxlis nomeri ki SesaniSnavad maxsovda, maSin, rodesac cifrebis damaxsovreba CemTvis udides sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli.
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4. `siniorelis~ SemTxvevaSi orive azrobriv wreSi Sinagani urTierTkavSiris ararsebobas sruli dajerebulobiT ver davuwyeb mtkicebas, sikvdilis da sqesobrivi cxovrebis Temaze gaZevebuli fiqrebis ufro detaluri dakvirvebisas vawydebiT ideas, romelic axlo SexebaSi modis orvietos freskebis TemasTan. 5. pativiT Sexvdebian ki mis mosvlas, 7. 8. axla, roca yovel dRes raRac axali moaqvs? radgan TviTon warmarTia da misianebic, eseni ki qristianebi arian da monaTlulnic. (germ.) Tu Zvirad ar daujda es wyaloba. (germ.) axlad aRmocenebas iwyebs rwmena, da xSirad am dros siyvaruli da erTguleba, borot sarevelasaviT iZirkveba. (germ.) kargad daakvirdi, xval ukve WaRara iqneba. (germ.) Cemma kolegam leqsis am mSvenier adgils aramarto sityvaTmimdevroba Seucvala, aramed azrobrivi gamoyenebac. gogona ase mimarTavs Tavis saqmros:
6. pativiT ki Sexvdebian mis mosvlas,
Meine Kette hab ich dir gegeben: Deine Locke nehm ich mit mir fort. Sieh sie an genau! Morgen bist du grau, Und nur braun erscheinst du wieder dort.
(Cemi yelsabami Sen gisaxsovre: Sens kululs SoreTSi Tan waviReb me. kargad daakvirdi mas! xval Sen ukve TmaWaRara iqnebi, iq ki kvlav Zveli ieriT momevlinebi.)
9. dgas fiWvis xe eulad da sxv. 10. Zili ereva. (germ.) 11. TeTri saburveliT. (germ.) 12. amas vamtkiceb Cems mierve Sekrebili ramdenime monacemis safuZvelze. 13. vinc dainteresebulia bavSvobis adreuli wlebis mSvinvieri cxovrebiT, advilad mixvdeba ufrosi Zmis misamarTiT wayenebuli moTxovnis Rrma pirobiTobas. sam wlamde asakis bavSvic ki mixvda, rom cotaxnis win gaCenili patara da dedis mucelSi gaizarda. am Semomatebas is sulac ar eTanxmeba da eWvi awuxebs, rom dedis mucelSi SeiZleba kidev imalebodnen sxva bavSvebi. yuTi Tu karada misTvis dedis mucelTan asocirdeba. anu is moiTxovs, Caaxedon yuTSi da am moTxovnas Tavis ufros YZmas uyenebs. rogorc sxva masalidan irkveva, mamis nacvlad Yes Zma iqca ojaxis axali wevris metoqed. swored amis gamo, garda dasabuTebuli
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eWvisa, rom gauCinarebuli ZiZa swored man gamoketa yuTSi, misken aris mimarTuli kidev erTi eWvi, rom axladmovlenili pataris dedis mucelSi `moxvedraSic~ swored am YZmas unda erios xeli. imedgacruebis afeqti, romelic carieli yuTis danaxvas mohyveba, bavSvuri moTxovnilebis zedapiruli motivaciiTaa ganpirobebuli. ufro Rrma miswrafebisTvis sxva adgilis SerCevaaa saWiro (?).samagierod ukandabrunebuli dedis sigamxdriT gamowveuli udidesi kmayofileba mxolod am ufro Rrma Sridan xdeba srulad gasagebi. 14. gamoyofilia Cem mier (avt. Sen.) 15. gamoyofilia Cem mier (avt. Sen.) 16. kerZod, igi, rogorc gairkva, orsulobisa da fexmZimobisgan Tavdacvis qvecnobieri azris zegvlenis qveS imyofeboda. sityvebiT: `dakecili rogorc jibis dana~, rac man sruliad ganzrax rogorc Civili warmosTqva, mas surda dedis mucelSi bavSvis mdgomareoba aRewera. Cem mier naTqvamma sityvam Èrnst~ mas kerntnerStraseze cnobili venuri firmis saxeli (S. Ernst) gaaxsena, romelic dafexmZimebis sawinaaRmdego damcavi saSualebebiT savaWro dawesebulebad acxadebs Tavs. 17. germanulad `kaufmani~, Kaufmann vaWars niSnavs. 18. gamoiTqmis rogorc `klaperSlange~ 19. `jer kidev veZeb naSuadRevis, ukacravad, SuadRemdel samuSaos.~ 20. `polaki~ germanulenovan samyaroSi polonelis damamcirebeli saxelia. 21. àse gavicani erTi Zalian lamazi da patiosani qali maRali sazogadoebidan, romelmac, samoqalaqo SvebulebaSi myof, karze omis saqmeebSi CarTul erT keTilSobil mamakacTan saubrisas, mas uTxra: `gavige, rom mefem im qveyanaSi y... xidi aafeTqebina.~ mas surda eTqva `yvela~. warmoidgineT, cota xnis win qmarTan mwoliares, an da sayvarelze mfiqrals, mas es sityva jer kidev enaze edga; da is keTilSobili kaci misi siyvaruliT ainTo am sityvis gamo.~ èrTi sxva nacnobi qalbatoni, romelic masze ufros meore qalbatons emaslaaTeboda da mis mSvenierebas uqebda da udidebda, Semdeg eubneba: àra, madam, amas ar geubnebiT pirmeZaobiT~ - pirmoTneobis Tqmis surviliT, rogorc SeniRba mere: warmoidgineT, fiqrobda, rom qmrisTvis eRalata da emeZava.~ 22. Ogermanuli saxelwodeba baltiis zRvisTvis. 23. SeadareT Tundac ìulius keisaridan~ Semdegi adgili, III, 3: cina: swored getyviT, me cina mqvian. moqalaqe: Sua gavglijoT, movklaT, es moRalatea! cina: me poeti cina var! (...) me SeTqmuli cina ar var. (...) moqalaqe: eg sul erTia, cina xom gqvian. gulidan saxeli amovglijoT da ise gavuSvaT.
24. am SemTxvevaSi xelis wacdenis gagebiT. 25. es swored is sizmaria, romelic mokle statiaSi: `sizmris Sesaxeb~, (no. VIII nervuli da sulieri cxovrebis sasazRvro sakiTxebi~, liovenfeldisa da kurelas mier gamocemuli, 1901. - es sruli gamocemis mesame tomSia Sesuli) paradigmad aviRe.
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zigmund froidi

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

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sakuTar arsebiT saxelTa daviwyeba

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gveCveneba, Semdgom axsna-ganmartebebSi xelaxla SevxvdebiT. Tavi mesame

saxelebisa da sityvaTmimdevrobis daviwyeba

Aber wird er auch willkommen scheinen, W e n n e r t e u e r n i c h t d i e G u n s t e r k a u f t.6

Keimt ein Glaube neu, wird oft Lieb und Treu,

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im sityvasTan, romlis gamoTqmasac ar vapirebT, ukanasknels saSualebas aZlevs, rom

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yoveldRiuri cxovrebis fsiqopaTologiis Sesaxeb

6. pativiT ki Sexvdebian mis mosvlas,

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