3a1ernynane nua pemenn saaun no pyr pdf qajn.

Hunync na 1eno (anr. momentum) c1p.1

Peax1nnna cnna c1p.3
Hunync na 1eno (anr. momentum)
Hnac1nuen yap na 1onxn
Cnyuaj 1: Hpnara ronxa co maca
1
m ce nnxn no xopnsonrana co psnna
1i
v

, a nropara
ronxa co maca
2
m mnpyna.
O saxonor sa sanasynane na nmnyncor, cneyna:
1 1 1 1 2 2 i f f
v m v m v m = +

onocno no xomnonenrnre ro nmame cncrem nnneapnn panenxn:
1 1 1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
cos cos xomnonenr
0 sin sin xomnonenr
i f f
f f
v m v m v m x
v m v m
= u+
= u
Hpnuep: ne ronxn sa nnjapn nexar na macara xaxo mro e npnxaxan ony neno. Fenara
ronxa e ypena n naryna xon npnenara ronxa co psnna 20[ / ] v cm s = . Kora ce ypaar
ronxnre, npnenara ronxa naryna xon ropnnor ecen xom, a enara ronxa naryna no aron
45 . Konxy ce psnnnre na nere rouxn? Kae ce naora npnenara ronxa nocne 10[s]?
Pemenne:
Ho yapor, ja nmame cncrem xaxo no ecnara cnnxa xae mro
1
20[ / ]
i
v cm s = n 45 | = .
65 cm
130 cm
45
65 cm
130 cm
20 cm/s
Hajnpno, npnmernme exa macnre na ronxnre ne ce aenn. Hajnepojarno, roa snaun (1)
exa macara na nere ronxn e ncra n (2) ncrara xe ce cxparn, raxa a rouna npenocr ne e
norpena.
Horamy, sa a ro pemnme cncremor, rpea a ce open aronor u no xoj naryna npnenara
rouxa. Hmame npanoaronen rpnaronnnx co 'oparna' crpana 65cm, a 'nernara' crpana
130cm. Tpnronomerpncxara ]ynxnnja xoja rn xopncrn onne ne crpann e ranrenc, r.e.
65
tg
130
tg 0,5
arctg0,5
26,6
u =
u =
u =
u =
Io ]opmnpame nnneapnnor cncrem:
1 2
1 2
20 cos26,6 cos45
0 sin26,6 sin45
f f
f f
m v m v m
v m v m
= +

`
=

)
.
Io cxparnme m.
1 2
1 2
20 0,894 0,707
0 0,447 0,707
f f
f f
v v
v v
= +

`
=

)
.
In conpame panenxnre (co mro
2f
v e ennmnnnpan) n pesynraror ro crannme namecro
npnara (nejxn nropara panenxa e noenocranna o npnara raa ja uyname).
1 1
1 2
20 0,894 0,447
0 0,447 0,707
f f
f f
v v
v v
= +

`
=

)
onocno
1
1 2
20 (0,894 0,447)
0 0,447 0,707
f
f f
v
v v
= +

`
=

)
1
1 2
20
1,341
0 0,447 0,707
f
f f
v
v v

=

`

=
)
onocno
1
1 2
14,91
0 0,447 0,707
f
f f
v
v v
=

`
=

)
.
Io samenyname pesynraror no nropara panenxa.
1
2
14,91
0 14,91 0,447 0,707
f
f
v
v
=

`
=

)
onocno
1
2
14,91
9,43
f
f
v
v
=

`
=

)
.
Ho 10 s nmame:
1
14,9110 149 s = = [cm]
onxnnara na npnenara ncnpexnnara nnnnja
e:
2 2
65 130 145,4 c = + = [cm] raxa a
npnenara ronxa 'nana no ueor'.
(Fenara ronxa ce naora 94[cm] no npnara
ncnpexnnara nnnnja.)
65 cm
130 cm
45
26,6
Peax1nnna cnna
Hexa M e macara na paxera (es ropnnoro xoe xe ce norpomn), a m A nexa e macara na
ropnnoro xoja xe ne nc]pnena.
Toram ( )
o
P M m v = + A e nmnyncor na paxerara co nouerna psnna
o
v - peuamueuo co
se+jama no npemero
o
t t = .
Cera, (1) o paxerara e ncnymreno ropnno co maca m A n (2) roa ropnno e ncnymreno co
psnna
e
v - peuamueuo co pauemama. Fnejxn
e
v e no oparen cmep o nnxenero na
paxerara, psnnara na ncnymrene na ropnno1o e
o e
v v - peuamueuo co se+jama.
O onaa peaxnnja, macara na paxera xe crane camo , a psnnara na paxerara xe ce
sronemyna sa v A , r.e. psnnara na paxe1a1a xe crane:
o
v v + A - peuamueuo co se+jama.
3naun peuamueuo co se+jama - nmame:
1. Hmnyncor no
o
t t = e:
( )
o
P M m v = + A
2. Hmnyncor nocne ncnymrene na ropnno e:
( ) ( )
o o e
P M v v m v v = + A + A .
O saxonor sa sanasynane na nmnyncor, onne nmnyncn ce enaxnn:
( ) ( ) ( )
o o e o
e
M v v m v v M m v
M v m v
+ A + A = + A
A = A
enejxn rn nere crpann co t A , nmame:
e
v m
M v
t t
A A
=
A A
a nejxn ce paorn sa xparox npememcxn nepno t A , nmame
v
a
t
A
=
A
raxa a:
e
m
M a v
t
A
=
A
Jacno e exa nenara crpana npercranyna cnnara xoja ejcrnyna nps paxerara, r.e.
peaxrnnnara cnnara, a o ecnara crpana e cnnara onena o ncnymrennre raconn.
3naun,
Peaumueuama cuua e:
R e
m
F v
t
A
=
A
n
R R
F M a =
xae mro [ ]
m kg
t s
A
A
e psnnara co xoja ce rpomn ropnnoro,
[ ]
e
m
v
s
e psnnara co xoja ce nc]pnyna racen mnas, a
[kg] e macara na paxerara (es norpomenoro ropnno).
Hpnuep: Bcenencxnor po co maca 3,5[t] m = sa a manenpnpa, o neronnor morop ce
nc]pna racen mnas co psnna 800[ ]
m
v
s
= . Fpsnnara co xoja ce rpomn ropnnoro e 0,2[ ]
kg
s
.
a ce npecmera peaxrnnna na moropor n sapsnyanero mro ro onna poor.
Pemenne:
Co noropnara norannja nmame:
3,5[ ] 3500[ ] M t kg = = , 800[ ]
e
m
v
s
= n 0,2[ ]
m kg
t s
A
=
A
.
0,2 800
160
R e
R
R
m
F v
t
F
F
A
=
A
=
=
3naun, peaxrnnnara cnna e: 160[ ]
R
F N = .
160 3500
3500 160
160
0,046
3500
R R
R
R
R
F M a
a
a
a
=
=
=
= =
3naun, sapsynanero e:
2
0,046[ ]
R
m
a
s
= .
Oronop: 160[ ]
R
F N = n
2
0,046[ ]
R
m
a
s
= .